快速入门Shiro - 整合SpringBoot
文章目录
1. Shiro简介
1.1 什么是Shiro?
- Apache Shiro是一个Java的安全(权限)框架
- Shiro可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在JavaEE环境
- Shiro可以完成认证,授权,加密,会话管理,Web集成,缓存等
- 下载地址:http://shiro.apache.org/
1.2 有哪些功能?
- Authencaition:身份认证,登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份
- Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限,即判断用户能进行什么操作
- Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中,会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境,也可以是Web环境
- Crytography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密储存到数据库中,而不是明文存储
- Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境中
- Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的角色,权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
- Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即,如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动的传播过去
- Testing:提供测试支持
- Run As:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问
- Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了
1.3 Shiro架构(外部)
从外部来看shiro,即从应用程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作:
- subject:应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject,Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager,Subject其实是一个门面,SecurityManager才是实际的执行者
- SecurityManager:安全管理器,即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SecurityManager交互,并且它管理者所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,它相当于SpringMVC的DispathcherServlet的角色
- Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限),就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法,也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色,权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行,可以把Realm看出DataSource
1.4 Shiro架构(内部)
2. HelloWorld
2.1 快速实践
-
创建一个普通的maven父工程,用于shiro的学习,删掉不必要的东西
-
创建一个普通的maven子工程,demo01
-
根据官方文档,我们来导入Shiro依赖
<dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.shiro/shiro-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId> <version>1.5.3</version> </dependency> <!-- configure logging --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>1.7.21</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.21</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
-
shiro.ini配置文件
[users] # user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role root = secret, admin # user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role guest = guest, guest # user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on # my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president' presidentskroob = 12345, president # user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz' darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz # user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz' lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Roles with assigned permissions # # Each line conforms to the format defined in the # org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [roles] # 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*' admin = * # The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber: schwartz = lightsaber:* # The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with # license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id) goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
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log4j.properties配置文件
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n # General Apache libraries log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN # Spring log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN # Default Shiro logging log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO # Disable verbose logging log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
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Quickstart.java快速开始测试类
public class Quickstart { private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class); public static void main(String[] args) { Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini"); SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance(); SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager); // 获取当前的用户对象 Subject Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); // 通过当前用户拿到session Session session = currentUser.getSession(); session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue"); String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"); if (value.equals("aValue")) { log.info("Subject ----> session [" + value + "]"); } // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions: // 判断当前的用户是否被认证 if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) { // Token: 令牌 UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa"); token.setRememberMe(true); // 设置记住我 try { currentUser.login(token); // 执行了登录操作 } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) { log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal()); } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) { log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!"); } catch (LockedAccountException lae) { log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " + "Please contact your administrator to unlock it."); } // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application? catch (AuthenticationException ae) { //unexpected condition? error? } } //say who they are: //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username): log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully."); //test a role: if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) { log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!"); } else { log.info("Hello, mere mortal."); } // 粗粒度 //test a typed permission (not instance-level) if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) { log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely."); } else { log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only."); } // 细粒度 //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission: if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) { log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " + "Here are the keys - have fun!"); } else { log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!"); } // 注销 //all done - log out! currentUser.logout(); // 结束 System.exit(0); } }
其实就是这几个方法:
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();// 获取当前的用户对象 Subject Session session = currentUser.getSession();// 通过当前用户拿到session currentUser.isAuthenticated(); //用户是否被认证 currentUser.getPrincipal(); // 获取用户的角色 currentUser.hasRole("schwartz"); // 用户是否有某种权限 currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield"); currentUser.logout(); // 注销
3. Springboot整合Shiro
Shiro的三大对象:Subject,SecurityManager,Realm
首先导入Shiro整合spring的包:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3</version>
</dependency>
第一步:创建一个类,自定义Realm
// 自定义的Realm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
// 授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("执行了授权:doGetAuthorizationInfo");
return null;
}
// 认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("执行了认证:doGetAuthenticationInfo");
return null;
}
}
第二步:创建一个配置类ShiroConfig
shiroFilterFactoryBean
DefaultWebSecurityManager
创建Realm对象,需要我们自定义,第一步中我们已经自定义了Realm
- 将我们自定义的Realm放入IOC中
- 创建DefaultWebSecurityManager对象,绑定Realm,放入IOC中
- 创建ShiroFilterFactoryBean对象,绑定DefaultWebSecurityManager,放入IOC中
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@Bean
// ShiroFilterFactoryBean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("getDefaultWebSecurityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);
return bean;
}
// DefaultWebSecurityManager
@Bean
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
// 关联 UserRealm
securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return securityManager;
}
// 创建Realm对象,需要自定义 , 第一步
@Bean // 将UserRealm放入IOC中
public UserRealm userRealm(){
return new UserRealm();
}
}
这些代码都是定死的
3.1 Shiro实现登录拦截
在ShiroConfig中的getShiroFilterFactoryBean方法中进行配置,添加shiro的内置过滤器
anno:无需认证就可以访问
authc:必须认证了才能访问
user:必须拥有记住我功能才能使用
perms:拥有对某个资源的权限才能访问
role:拥有某个角色权限才能访问
Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
filterMap.put("/user/add","authc"); // add页面登录后才能访问
filterMap.put("/user/*","authc"); // user下的所有路径 只有登录后才能访问
bean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
bean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin"); //如果没有权限,则跳转到登录页面
3.2 Shiro实现用户认证
首先我们写一个Controller来获取前端数据,封装token
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username, String password, Model model){
// 获取当前的用户
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// 封装用户的登录数据,token封装的数据相当于是全局的
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
try{
subject.login(token); // 执行登录方法,调用Realm,如果没有异常,则说明ok了
return "index";
}catch (UnknownAccountException e){
// 用户名不存在
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名错误!");
return "user/login";
}catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){
// 密码错误
model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
return "user/login";
}
}
然后在Realm中的认证方法doGetAuthenticationInfo中进行认证
// 认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("执行了认证:doGetAuthenticationInfo");
// 用户名 密码 数据库中取
String name = "root";
String password = "shw123zxc";
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken;
if(!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){ // 从token中取出数据进行比对
return null; // 抛出异常UnknownAccountException 用户名不存在
}
// 密码认证,shiro做
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",password,"");
}
3.3 Shiro整合Mybatis
再配置完数据源和Mybatis后,写完Mapper和Service后,在我们自定义的Realm中,在认证方法doGetAuthenticationInfo中,进行获取数据
// 认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("执行了认证:doGetAuthenticationInfo");
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken;
// 连接真实的数据库
User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
if (user==null){
// 用户名不存在
return null; // 返回null,就是用户名不存在异常,在controller接收
}
// 密码认证,shiro做
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",user.getPassword(),"");
}
对密码进行MD5加密,在放入Token之前,对密码进行加密
String md5 = new SimpleHash("md5", password).toString();
3.4 Shiro请求授权实现
在ShiroConfig的getShiroFilterBean方法中进行设置权限拦截,如
filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]"); //只有拥有user:add的权限才能够访问/user/add
bean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth"); // 未授权时,跳转到/noauth
在我们自定义的Realm中的doGetAuthorizationInfo方法中给用户进行授权
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
info.addStringPermission("user:add");
return info;
这样写的话,每个人都会拥有user:add
的权限
所以,权限我们要从数据库中取出
在Realm类中的认证方法中应该
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPassword(),""); // 返回从数据库中获取的对象user,在授权方法中进行接收
在授权方法中,拿到从认证方法中传过来的user对象
// 拿到当前登录的这个对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
User currentuser = (User)subject.getPrincipal();
info.addStringPermission(currentuser.getPerms()); // 获取当前对象的权限,进行授权
3.5 其他功能
注销功能
@RequestMapping("/logout")
public String logout(){
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.logout();
return "index"; // 注销后跳转到index页面
}
4. shiro整合thymeleaf
首先导入整合包 thymeleaf-extras-shiro
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
然后需要配置!
整合ShiroDialect:用来整合 Shiro 和 thymeleaf
@Bean
public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
return new ShiroDialect();
}
就是将ShiroDialect放入IOC中,这样就OK了~
导入命名空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:shiro="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
...
<!--拥有user:add权限时显示-->
</div>
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:update" >
...
<!--拥有user:update 权限时显示-->
</div>
<!--未登录时显示-->
<a th:href="@{/toLogin}" shiro:notAuthenticated="">登录</a>
<hr>
<!--已登录时显示-->
<a th:href="@{/logout}" shiro:authenticated="">注销</a>
=“en” xmlns:th=“http://www.thymeleaf.org”
xmlns:shiro=“http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro”>
```html
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
...
<!--拥有user:add权限时显示-->
</div>
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:update" >
...
<!--拥有user:update 权限时显示-->
</div>
<!--未登录时显示-->
<a th:href="@{/toLogin}" shiro:notAuthenticated="">登录</a>
<hr>
<!--已登录时显示-->
<a th:href="@{/logout}" shiro:authenticated="">注销</a>