Docker继续学习

一、Docker简介

Docker与虚拟机的对比

二、安装Docker

阿里云安装教程：

https://developer.aliyun.com/article/110806

查看历史版本

root@localhost data]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

配置个人镜像加速器

https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors

https://j75wwuc0.mirror.aliyuncs.com

cat  > /etc/docker/daemon.json  << EOF
{
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://j75wwuc0.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

三、Docker命令

Apline镜像

什么是Alpine镜像
1、Alpine Linux是一个基于musl libc和busybox的小型Linux发行版。它最初由Alpine Linux社区开发，可以在x86、x86-64、ARMv6、ARMv7、ARMv8架构上运行。

2、Alpine镜像是使用Alpine Linux制作的Docker镜像，具有小巧、安全、高效等特点，被广泛用于构建Docker容器进行应用程序开发和部署。

为什么要使用Alpine镜像
1、体积小：Alpine镜像是最小的Linux发行版之一，镜像体积仅为5MB左右，这意味着每当我们启动一个Alpine镜像时，Docker引擎只需要下载非常少的数据就能快速启动容器。

2、高效：Alpine使用musl libc作为C标准库，相比glibc更小、更快、更安全，使用Alpine镜像能够显著减少机器资源的使用，提高应用程序的性能。

3、安全：Alpine Linux的设计简洁，只包含最基本的包，镜像中不包含冗余文件和库，因此减少了系统被攻击的潜在漏洞和风险。

3.1 Pull命令

root@localhost docker]# docker pull alpine:3.12
3.12: Pulling from library/alpine
1b7ca6aea1dd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c75ac27b49326926b803b9ed43bf088bc220d22556de1bc5f72d742c91398f69
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:3.12
docker.io/library/alpine:3.12

3.2 Save命令

[root@localhost data]# docker save alpine:3.12 -o alpine:3.12.tar

或者

[root@localhost data]# docker save alpine>alpine.tar

多个镜像同时打包

[root@localhost data]# docker save alpine openjdk -o all.tar

3.3 Load命令

[root@localhost data]# docker load -i alpine.tar 
1ad27bdd166b: Loading layer [==================================================>]  5.865MB/5.865MB
Loaded image: alpine:3.12
78a822fe2a2d: Loading layer [==================================================>]  7.622MB/7.622MB
Loaded image: alpine:latest

3.3 Inspect命令

查看镜像的详细信息

[root@localhost data]# docker inspect alpine
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:c1aabb73d2339c5ebaa3681de2e9d9c18d57485045a4e311d9f8004bec208d67",
        "RepoTags": [
            "alpine:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2023-06-14T20:41:59.079795125Z",
        "Container": "bfc8078c169637d70e40ce591b5c2fe8d26329918dafcb96ebc9304ddff162ea",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "bfc8078c1696",

3.4 tag 命令

标记本地镜像，将其归入某一仓库

[root@localhost data]# docker  tag alpine zzs/alpine:9

四、Docker容器（Container）

启动镜像

--rm 容器停止后自动删除

[root@localhost data]# docker run -it --rm alpine

启动加端口

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm  -p 8888:8080 tomcat

查看日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f mytomcat

创建容器但是不运行

[root@localhost ~]# docker create -it --name mytomcat2 -p 8899:8080 tomcat

五、安装软件

5.1、安装nginx

下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx:1.19.3-alpine

备份镜像

root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx:1.19.3-alpine -o nginx:1.19.3-alpine.tar

启动

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx -p 80:80 nginx:1.19.3-alpine
94f853acad4f65747047240e1b2e8e91e3a70db11478492029aa240cc368acdd

查看日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f nginx
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up

进入容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx sh
/ #

访问

5.2、安装MySQL

下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7.31
5.7.31: Pulling from library/mysql
bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete 
49e22f6fb9f7: Pull complete 
842b1255668c: Pull complete 
9f48d1f43000: Pull complete 
c693f0615bce: Pull complete 
8a621b9dbed2: Pull complete 
0807d32aef13: Pull complete 
6d2fc69dfa35: Pull complete 
56153548dd2c: Pull complete 
3bb6ba940303: Pull complete 
3e1888da91a7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:b3dc8d10307ab7b9ca1a7981b1601a67e176408be618fc4216d137be37dae10b
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7.31
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7.31

启动容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name mysql --restart always -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin mysql:5.7.31 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
89deda3b3c344d7a2bdf103c9df37c1f6df904610ee0d052c8df28af277a39f5

进入容器并登陆数据库

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql bash
root@89deda3b3c34:/# 
root@89deda3b3c34:/# 
root@89deda3b3c34:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql>

5.3、安装Zookeeper

下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull zookeeper:3.6.2

启动镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name zookeeper --restart always -p 2181:2181 zookeeper:3.6.2
d08ee517bb1b75fe40a9514028d471caa24d7718e327660a9bcab0c18b9f8e70

5.4、安装activeMQ

下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull webcenter/activemq:5.14.3
5.14.3: Pulling from webcenter/activemq
7dcf5a444392: Pull complete 
9eebba75a87f: Pull complete 
1f0440d87cc7: Pull complete 
dacd0555c1b4: Pull complete 
b0f19aa05a94: Pull complete 
9fa6897f5432: Pull complete 
0f986ed9e7e7: Pull complete 
75a8f61a71ca: Pull complete 
50db804f83a0: Pull complete 
e3d0ff839c33: Pull complete 
8e3cb309021f: Pull complete 
9a1585ec1312: Pull complete 
a242633f1554: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:da7b1ee5cf6ac6cbed6c74b5aef08999cb71e6162ee9a100a9a4a10d6bee1f13
Status: Downloaded newer image for webcenter/activemq:5.14.3
docker.io/webcenter/activemq:5.14.3

启动镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name activemq --restart always -p 61616:61616 -p 8161:8161 webcenter/activemq:5.14.3
d31ce96ed7320eb67100ae8795a3330bab6f3546877834683f59f858c14bbbc9

访问测试

六、Docker核心原理

6.1、什么是容器

6.2、容器和虚拟化的区别

容器是将代码和环境打包在一起的一个集合，而虚拟机是在物理机层面分离出一个操作系统，多个容器可以运行在一个物理机上，并且共享一个操作系统的内核资源，多个虚拟机也可以运行在一台物理机上，每个虚拟机都需要一个操作系统。

6.3 Docker网络

查看docker网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
2c30e7524893   bridge    bridge    local
8762d3c74886   host      host      local
d7bc05b237f2   none      null      local

6.4 Docker网络的原理

查看容器的内部网络地址

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect mysql
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",

6.5、Docker的网络模式

brige模式：默认的网络模式，没有一个公有的ip，只有宿主机可以访问，外部主机不可见，可以通过宿主机的NAT规则后可以访问。
host模式：与宿主机在同一个网络中，但是没有独立的IP，使用宿主机的IP和端口，网络性能好，但是使用过的端口就不能使用了，会占用端口
none模式：使用这种模式，Docker拥有自己的Network Namespace
overlay模式：也称为覆盖网络，主要用于集群部署

查看bridge网络详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect bridge

[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect bridge

        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {
            "61ad975d8dfeb94fa678e7b07ae28bb525e11556ecfc2d7681fabb036fd23f6e": {
                "Name": "nginx1",
                "EndpointID": "dad791b53b5a968d72e7fb6c18c3cb8d96b0d7cf21df3defe1a2c0009fb8dff4",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }

容器创建的过程

安装一个查看网络的插件

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y bridge-utils

查看网卡绑定情况

[root@localhost ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
docker0        8000.02424aa327bb    no        veth8ca0c65

宿主机和容器内的网络是互通的；

容器内的IP地址是动态变化的，容器的停止后重新启动，重新分配IP地址；

6.6、新建Bridge网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge ziguang
dcfbaddea3c42548b6812f4d9ab4599269a475abaf3e6f83e5a253f11871c9e1

查看新建的网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
2c30e7524893   bridge    bridge    local
8762d3c74886   host      host      local
d7bc05b237f2   none      null      local
dcfbaddea3c4   ziguang   bridge    local

查看新建网络的详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect ziguang
[
    {
        "Name": "ziguang",
        "Id": "dcfbaddea3c42548b6812f4d9ab4599269a475abaf3e6f83e5a253f11871c9e1",
        "Created": "2023-06-25T04:36:35.270779899-04:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.18.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {},
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

brctl查看

[root@localhost ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br-dcfbaddea3c4        8000.0242036c5d9b    no        
docker0        8000.02424aa327bb    no        veth0d14930
                            veth8ca0c65

启动新的容器，使用新的网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx3 --network ziguang nginx:1.19.3-alpine
d6a83a502304790d64e07b1b46b61761f2db77b0f4e3efc2c9964cdcbe164fc6

6.7 none网络

创建none网络的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx1 --network none nginx:1.19.3-alpine
9481b5ae85d7b0e6994b345f492d406482a33ce4ff7da9e3bdbe3063f720251b

查看网络发现，没有任何网卡

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx1 sh
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

6.8 host网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx2 --network host nginx:1.19.3-alpine
c226e602fdbb97d8a791453a243bf88996c68c9246344fc966c7ad2197fac5db

进入容器查看网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx2 sh
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:5b:22:f0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.43.5/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::f862:b51:9f6:adf6/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN 
    link/ether 02:42:63:83:5e:4b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:63ff:fe83:5e4b/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

6.9、Docker网络常用命令

查看帮助

[root@localhost ~]# docker network --help

Usage:  docker network COMMAND

Manage networks

Commands:
  connect     Connect a container to a network
  create      Create a network
  disconnect  Disconnect a container from a network
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more networks
  ls          List networks
  prune       Remove all unused networks
  rm          Remove one or more networks

Run 'docker network COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

查看网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
56cfa6f8e2ef   bridge    bridge    local
8762d3c74886   host      host      local
d7bc05b237f2   none      null      local

新建网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge newnetwork
6e1a3a4b32340f1667178a7eee38495729257338993da4e9922298fc45ea1a75

查看网络的详细情况：

[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect newnetwork

创建指定IP网段的网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge --subnet=172.172.0.0/24 --gateway 172.172.0.1 zig
09fc9d10573bc9ab3d5267fe5a911146261499faed7e4b210eaacc3d2ae424bb

查看新建的网络

[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME         DRIVER    SCOPE
56cfa6f8e2ef   bridge       bridge    local
8762d3c74886   host         host      local
6e1a3a4b3234   newnetwork   bridge    local
d7bc05b237f2   none         null      local
09fc9d10573b   zig          bridge    local

创建个容器，指定ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx3 --network zig --ip 172.172.0.10 nginx:1.19.3-alpine
fc458d7523a4c82280a2fbc4b3aabe19027070ab0c91c85e2d7a92d86d49e587

停止启动容器测试ip地址，发现地址没有变化

[root@localhost ~]# docker start nginx3
nginx3
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx3 sh
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
17: eth0@if18: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:ac:00:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.172.0.10/24 brd 172.172.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ #

七、数据卷

数据卷特点：
数据卷可以在容器间共享或者重用数据；
数据卷中的更改可以立即生效；
数据卷中的更改不会包含在镜像的更新中；
数据卷默认一致存在，即使容器被删除；
数据卷的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用他为止；

7.1、容器中数据管理的两种方式

数据卷：Data Volumes容器内数据直接映射到本地主机环境；
数据卷容器：Data Volumes Containers使用特定的容器维护数据卷

7.2、CP命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx1 -p 80:80 nginx:1.19.3-alpine
c6b975b2a12d672e93981918395640e441b7db3bf3743aaeae80ac0b216e0038

准备文件

[root@localhost data]# echo "Hello Docker">index.html

将本地文件拷贝到容器中

[root@localhost data]# docker cp /root/data/index.html nginx1:/usr/share/nginx/html
Successfully copied 2.05kB to nginx1:/usr/share/nginx/html

7.3、数据卷

将主机的目录直接映射到容器内
最好通过run命令挂载
最好挂载目录，而不是文件

创建mysql容器，并映射目录

[root@localhost data]# docker run -dit --name mysql --restart always -v /mysql:/var/lib/mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin mysql:5.7.31 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
9025eddf31fd2abc1db8bfacf25d1ef18a67444a5b4b84799a3ffba9203d60e6

查看映射的目录

[root@localhost data]# cd /mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  ibdata1      ibtmp1              private_key.pem  server-key.pem
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  mysql               public_key.pem   sys
ca.pem      ib_buffer_pool   ib_logfile1  performance_schema  server-cert.pem

创建数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# docker exec -it mysql sh
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database zig;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

查看本地磁盘

[root@localhost mysql]# ls
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  ibdata1      ibtmp1              private_key.pem  server-key.pem
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  mysql               public_key.pem   sys
ca.pem      ib_buffer_pool   ib_logfile1  performance_schema  server-cert.pem  zig

7.4、挂载目录权限问题

创建目录，并授权

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /nexus3
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R 200 /nexus3

启动容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nexus3 -p 8081:8081 -v /nexus3:/nexus-data sonatype/nexus3:3.28.14cc98f4810522dfb1f088ece1e10f280f4d353fb11d092cf375135b0117174b1

7.5、命名数据卷的挂载

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -idt --name nginx6 -v mydocker:/etc/nginx nginx:1.19.3-alpine
8405acef067d5e4a9c1e4250f233951e6c8926dc8c79158400c5031af5dcd5e2

mydocker是随便给的磁盘名称，接下来查看磁盘的位置

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     mydocker

使用命令查看磁盘的具体位置

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume inspect mydocker
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2023-06-27T02:22:10-04:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/mydocker/_data",
        "Name": "mydocker",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]

7.6、匿名卷的挂载

只写容器内的目录

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -idt --name nginx7 -v /etc/nginx nginx:1.19.3-alpine
e90c9a3e31ce23db85d049bb36f5ff657ea3f739b62e6d785c603e55099bc8a8

7.7、清理没有使用的数据卷

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume prune
WARNING! This will remove anonymous local volumes not used by at least one container.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Volumes:
b5b1117f6060e389314b4b3decf7306574cc1889f645f8937c485a261b651cb0
6be79c6b62489f32be9edb6e2ebbbc7b098d7bdd13a9a0efb850f56e548601a9
70d9817274f0266e414291102bab30f32225618cab4d6ad39ecaf0848c6d6b55
7703a9f46f02375705c9e1c61954a5f36b1f8d3dee94163347df91b2b9ce0f87
a8a6a5a445730aa31ea40578de46dfd1600808c1b3705c51fd05bca7135bdaad
f6bed813de0f6b0b8469b831e8899d5e99a6da0d6e27346b23406182522e9034
a02c7c622b057e50de8d3acbe740275e26729abbef9fd630403913379963cfda
38b0503699a74c8e695292910c8e88b3492626bfddceb8b840230137fca9b2ad

Total reclaimed space: 402.7MB

7.8、数据卷容器

如果多个容器需要共享数据，可以使用数据卷容器。

数据卷容器处于停止状态

准备镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos:7.8.2003
7.8.2003: Pulling from library/centos
9b4ebb48de8d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8540a199ad51c6b7b51492fa9fee27549fd11b3bb913e888ab2ccf77cbb72cc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7.8.2003
docker.io/library/centos:7.8.2003

启动数据卷容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name data-volume -v  /data/nginx:/usr/share/nginx/html -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql centos:7.8.2003
5cac40a1689e7e0ea8d388bc74a7fd1c60f2dd22d140735d59d38972f186c1b1

查看容器状态

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
5cac40a1689e   centos:7.8.2003   "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago             data-volume

启动nginx容器使用创建好的数据卷容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx01 -p 80:80 --volumes-from data-volume nginx:1.19.3-alpine
62342d4f6ecdc740a6ff4ff645e21732d5f5e6c6e518017e5f8d93f5e5382ead

在目录写入东西

[root@localhost data]# cd nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
[root@localhost nginx]# echo "Hello docker">index.html

查看

启动另外一个容器，共享这个卷

[root@localhost nginx]# docker run -dit --name nginx02 -p 81:80 --volumes-from data-volume nginx:1.19.3-alpine
80bf733dd5aea674cf3fc0830c31440bbab9f7522c3ce6eeeb998425769c492f

访问这个容器，两个容器共享同一个目录

另外一个mysql实验

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name mysql01 --restart always --volumes-from data-volume -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin mysql:5.7.31 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
4385addc56e284ac27a43f51dfa7d0621b62aa1ae0842e34de6223f7fb04778c

启动另外一个容器创建mysql报错

7.9、Docker compose

compose、machine、swarm是原生提供的三大编排工具，简称docker三剑客

下载: https://github.com/docker/compose/releases

授权，如果是删除docker-compose，删除这个文件就可以

[root@localhost data]# mv docker-compose-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@localhost data]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

查看docker-compose版本

[root@localhost data]# docker-compose -v
Docker Compose version v2.3.3

常用的命令，命令在有docker-compose.yaml文件目录下执行

启动服务：

[root@localhost data]# docker compose up -d

停止服务

[root@localhost data]# docker compose down

列出所有运行的容器

[root@localhost data]# docker compose ps

查看日志

[root@localhost data]# docker compose logs

7.10、搭建私服harbor

这里准备了一个新的服务器，我们先按照docker

下载Centos的yum文件，到/etc.yum.repo.d/

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

这里我们可以参考一下阿里云的教程，先要登陆后访问

https://developer.aliyun.com/article/110806

按照教程执行依赖包的安装

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

添加信息源

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

查看历史版本

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

更新并安装docker-ce

sudo yum makecache fast
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sudo yum -y install docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos

查看版本

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker version
Client:
 Version:      18.03.1-ce
 API version:  1.37
 Go version:   go1.9.5
 Git commit:   9ee9f40
 Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
 Orchestrator: swarm
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

设置开机启动

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable docker 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker

安装docker-compose

 mv docker-compose-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

 chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

查看版本

[root@localhost ~]# docker-compose -v
Docker Compose version v2.3.3

下载harbor

https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/tag/v1.9.4

上传解压

[root@localhost data]# tar -zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.4.tgz 
harbor/harbor.v1.9.4.tar.gz
harbor/prepare
harbor/LICENSE
harbor/install.sh
harbor/harbor.yml
[root@localhost data]# ls
harbor  harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.4.tgz
[root@localhost data]# cd harbor
[root@localhost harbor]# ls
harbor.v1.9.4.tar.gz  harbor.yml  install.sh  LICENSE  prepare

修改配置文件harbor.yml ，修改四个地方

hostname: 192.168.43.12


# http related config
http:
  # port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https port
  port: 5000


harbor_admin_password: admin


data_volume: /root/data/harbor-volume

执行安装：

[root@localhost harbor]# ./install.sh 

[Step 0]: checking installation environment ...

Note: docker version: 18.03.1

Note: docker-compose version: 2.3.3

[Step 1]: loading Harbor images ...

测试页面 admin admin

在另外一台主机上配置harbor地址，这样可以让镜像上传到镜像服务器，实验主机是192.168.43.5

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://j75wwuc0.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
      "insecure-registries":["192.168.43.12:5000"]
}

重启docker服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker

在上登陆192.168.43.5

[root@localhost ~]# docker login -u admin -p admin 192.168.43.12:5000
WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

在镜像服务器新建一个项目

在192.168.43.5上给需要上传的镜像打标

[root@localhost ~]# docker tag nginx:1.19.3-alpine 192.168.43.12:5000/edu/mynginx

上传镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker push 192.168.43.12:5000/edu/mynginx:latest
The push refers to repository [192.168.43.12:5000/edu/mynginx]
8d6d1951ab0a: Pushed 
d0e26daf1f58: Pushed 
835f5b67679c: Pushed 
4daeb7840e4d: Pushed 
ace0eda3e3be: Pushed 
latest: digest: sha256:a411d06ab4f5347ac9652357ac35600555aeff0b910326cc7adc36d471e0b36f size: 1360

到镜像服务器查看

八、Dockerfile

8.1 commit命令创建镜像

先创建个容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx -p 80:80 192.168.43.12:5000/edu/mynginx:latest
0a49eb34f67409319ddf5291ef373472a4971687ee1b3aea31e92e33b6f674c1

写个首页

[root@localhost ~]# echo "Hello chenning">index.html

拷贝到docker里边

[root@localhost ~]# docker cp index.html nginx:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
Successfully copied 2.05kB to nginx:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

测试

将现有的容器制作成镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker container commit -m "Update index.html" -a "zs" nginx 192.168.43.12:5000/edu/nginx:v2
sha256:c412c93ceb4bc0e3a3036f228a7562b20bd52ebd115e9b9e1b5a125e11cf4c74

把新的镜像上传上去

[root@localhost ~]# docker push 192.168.43.12:5000/edu/nginx:v2
The push refers to repository [192.168.43.12:5000/edu/nginx]
40034eaa7caa: Pushed 
8d6d1951ab0a: Mounted from edu/mynginx 
d0e26daf1f58: Mounted from edu/mynginx 
835f5b67679c: Mounted from edu/mynginx 
4daeb7840e4d: Mounted from edu/mynginx 
ace0eda3e3be: Mounted from edu/mynginx 
v2: digest: sha256:380ad0bfab5945a4ed3cbe40c878e45b60bae0f8899e19cee4fa7f1057c59ad1 size: 1568

8.2、dockerfile

dockerfile是构建docker镜像的源码

Dockerfile主要包括：基础镜像信息、维护者信息、镜像操作指令和容器启动时候的指令。

制作一个简单的dockerfile

vi  dockerfile
FROM mysql:5.7.31
MAINTAINER mysql from date UTC
ENV TZ Asia/Shanghai

使用命令制作

[root@localhost mysql]# docker build --rm -t 192.168.43.12:5000/edu/mysql:5.7 .
[+] Building 0.4s (5/5) FINISHED                                                                                         
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                   0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                     0.0s
 => [internal] load build definition from dockerfile                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 107B                                                                                0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/mysql:5.7.31                                                     0.0s
 => [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/mysql:5.7.31                                                                       0.2s
 => exporting to image                                                                                              0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                             0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:2cbf53af1d93cdad6b4583fce4683c2f9837aca397964678c70e2c2bd0aa2cc2                        0.0s
 => => naming to 192.168.43.12:5000/edu/mysql:5.7                                                                   0.0s

上传harbor

[root@localhost mysql]# docker push 192.168.43.12:5000/edu/mysql:5.7
The push refers to repository [192.168.43.12:5000/edu/mysql]
bdda49371b83: Pushed 
78a9edf56b5f: Pushed 
2e19acd09cf6: Pushed 
30f9c7764a3f: Pushed 
15b463db445c: Pushed 
c21e35e55228: Pushed 
36b89ee4c647: Pushed 
9dae2565e824: Pushed 
ec8c80284c72: Pushed 
329fe06a30f0: Pushed 
d0fe97fa8b8c: Pushed 
5.7: digest: sha256:e7a00f8838c996e7070580a93672cb4200e78bf49b4d081bff20c911a68652e4 size: 2621

九、Docker的运维管理

9.1、Mysql集群的搭建

主机准备：

主节点：192.168.43.4

备节点：192.168.43.5

192.168.43.4 主节点创建镜像

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/master
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/mysql/master/
[root@localhost master]# vi my.cnf

创建配置文件

[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server_id=4

创建dockerfile

FROM mysql:5.7.31
MAINTAINER mysql from data UTC
ENV TZ Asia/Shanghai
COPY my.cnf /etc/mysql

构建镜像

[root@localhost master]# docker build --rm -t zs/mysqlmaster:5.7.31 .

启动镜像

[root@localhost master]# docker run -dit --name mysql --restart always  -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin zs/mysqlmaster:5.7.31 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
e527bd9abfc131972575f8ae9e65faa2ab59da5b3d3796ff3a30f154d7b452b5

192.158.43.5 从节点执行

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/agent
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/mysql/agent/

创建配置文件

[root@localhost agent]# vi my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server_id=5

创建dockerfile

FROM mysql:5.7.31
MAINTAINER mysql from data UTC
ENV TZ Asia/Shanghai
COPY my.cnf /etc/mysql

制作镜像

[root@localhost agent]# docker build --rm -t zs/mysqlmaster:5.7.31 .

启动容器

docker run -dit --name mysql --restart always  -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin zs/mysqlmaster:5.7.31 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

192.168.43.4 主节点创建用户

create user 'zs'@'%' identified by 'zs';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'zs'@'%';
flush privileges;

192.168.43.5 从节点运行

change master to 
master_host='192.168.43.4',
master_user='zs',
master_password='zs',
master_port=3306,
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
master_log_pos=735;

启动从节点

start slave;

查看从节点状态

9.2、Gitlab搭建

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull gitlab/gitlab-ce:12.7.6-ce.0

查看镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                             IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
gitlab/gitlab-ce                12.7.6-ce.0                     b9923370e7ce        3 years ago         1.85GB

启动容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name gitlab -p 443:443 -p 80:80 -p 222:22 --restart always -v /data/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab -v /data/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab -v /data/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai gitlab/gitlab-ce:12.7.6-ce.0
8e9c70c5f8543979048e38b7722a1300c6f5d21c6d60afb2110ebb2e5133274e

修改gitlab.rb这个文件

[root@localhost config]# ls
gitlab.rb            ssh_host_ecdsa_key      ssh_host_ed25519_key      ssh_host_rsa_key      trusted-certs
gitlab-secrets.json  ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub  ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub  ssh_host_rsa_key.pub

修改访问地址

external_url 'http://192.168.43.12'

修改ssh地址

gitlab_rails['gitlab_ssh_host'] = '192.168.43.12'

修改时区

gitlab_rails['time_zone'] = 'Asia/Shanghai'

修改端口

gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 222

访问

更改密码 12345678

登陆 root 12345678

创建组

创建项目

创建用户

组关联用户

、

posted @ 2023-06-23 18:13 中仕阅读(218) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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