RabbitMQ05-配置RabbitMQ

一般情况下，可以使用默认配置直接运行RabbitMQ。
配置RabbitMQ服务有三种方法：
- (1)环境变量(Enviroment Variables)：RabbitMQ服务端参数可以通过环境变量进行配直。例如，节点名称、RabbitMQ配置文件的地址、节点内部通信的端口等。
- (2)配置文件(Configuration File)：可以定义RabbitMQ服务和插件设直。例如，TCP监听的端口，以及其他网络相关的设置、内存限制、磁盘限制等。
- (3)运行时参数和策略(Runtime Parameters and Policies)：可以在运行时定义集群层面的服务设置。

1 2	`//检查节点上的有效配置` `rabbitmq-diagnostics environment`

1、环境变量

RabbitMQ的rabbitmq-env.conf文件：https://www.rabbitmq.com/man/rabbitmq-env.conf.5.html#DESCRIPTION
RabbitMQ可用的环境变量：https://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html#supported-environment-variables

定义RabbitMQ的环境变量有两种方法：
- (1)在shell中设置，RabbitMQ的环境变量都是以"RABBITMQ_"开头的
- (2)在rabbitmq-env.conf文件中设置，RabbitMQ的环境变量需要将"RABBITMQ_"这个前缀去除。
优先级顺序按照shell的最优先，其次rabbitmq-env.conf配置文件，最后是默认的配置。

环境变量的默认值在$RABBITMQ_HOME/sbin/rabbitmq-defaults文件中取。rabbitmq-defaults文件的内容如下所示：

#!/bin/sh -e
### next line potentially updated in package install steps
SYS_PREFIX=${RABBITMQ_HOME}
 
CLEAN_BOOT_FILE=start_clean
SASL_BOOT_FILE=start_sasl
BOOT_MODULE="rabbit"
 
if test -z "$CONF_ENV_FILE" && test -z "$RABBITMQ_CONF_ENV_FILE"; then
    CONF_ENV_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf
fi

如果没有特殊的需求，不建议更改RabbitMQ的环境变量。如果在实际生产环境中，对于配量和日志的目录有着特殊的管理目录，那么可以参考以下相应的配置：

#配置文件的地址
CONFIG_FILE=/apps/conf/rabbitmq/rabbitmq
#环境变量的配置文件的地址
CONF_ENV_FILE=/apps/conf/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf
#服务日志的地址
LOG_BASE=/apps/logs/rabbitmq
#Mnesia的路径
MNESIA_BA5E=/apps/date/rabbitmq/mnesia

示例1：

使用shell配置rabbitmq的环境变量
- 注意，如果先执行RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=8888，再执行rabbitmq-server命令，相当于只执行rabbitmq-server命令，即对RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT的定义无效。

//将端口设置为8888，然后启动rabbitmq服务
]# RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=8888 rabbitmq-server
 
//在另一个窗口查看启用的端口（端口应该是8888）
]# netstat -ntpl

示例2：

使用rabbitmq-env.conf文件配置rabbitmq的环境变量

//配置rabbitmq-env.conf 
]# vim $RABBITMQ_HOME/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf 
#定义RabbitMQ的对外通信端口号
NODE_PORT=8888
 
//启动rabbitmq服务
]# rabbitmq-server
 
//在另一个窗口查看启用的端口（端口应该是8888）
]# netstat -ntpl

2、配置文件

RabbitMQ配置文件：https://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html
RabbitMQ配置文件的配置项：https://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html#config-items

如果无特殊需要，不建议贸然修改这些配置项默认配置。

RabbitMQ的配置文件有两种格式（注意两种文件的后缀）：
- (1)从RabbitMQ 3.7.0之前，配置文件使用json格式。默认配置文件是$RABBITMQ_HOME/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config。
- (2)从RabbitMQ 3.7.0开始，配置文件使用ini风格的格式。默认配置文件是$RABBITMQ_HOME/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf。
  - 一行一个配置项
  - 行是结构化的Key = Value
  - 任何以#字符开头的行都是注释行

一个极简的rabbitmq.conf文件配置，将客户端连接的默认端口号从5672修改为8888。
- 有些配置项不能或难以使用ini风格进行配置，可以将这些配置项放在advanced.config文件中。

1	`listeners.tcp.default` `= 8888`

一个极简的rabbitmq.config文件配置，将客户端连接的默认端口号从5672修改为8888。（注意包含尾部的实心点）

[
  {
    rabbit, [
      {tcp_listeners, [8888]}
    ]
  }
].

rabbitmq.conf.example文件

## This example configuration file demonstrates various settings
## available via rabbitmq.conf. It primarily focuses core broker settings
## but some tier 1 plugin settings are also covered.
##
## This file is AN EXAMPLE. It is NOT MEANT TO BE USED IN PRODUCTION. Instead of
## copying the entire (large!) file, create or generate a new rabbitmq.conf for the target system
## and populate it with the necessary settings.
##
## See https://rabbitmq.com/configure.html to learn about how to configure RabbitMQ,
## the ini-style format used by rabbitmq.conf, how it is different from `advanced.config`,
## how to verify effective configuration, and so on.
##
## See https://rabbitmq.com/documentation.html for the rest of RabbitMQ documentation.
##
## In case you have questions, please use RabbitMQ community Slack and the rabbitmq-users Google group
## instead of GitHub issues.

# ======================================
# Core broker section
# ======================================


## Networking
## ====================
##
## Related doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com/networking.html.
##
## By default, RabbitMQ will listen on all interfaces, using
## the standard (reserved) AMQP 0-9-1 and 1.0 port.
##
# listeners.tcp.default = 5672


## To listen on a specific interface, provide an IP address with port.
## For example, to listen only on localhost for both IPv4 and IPv6:
##
# IPv4
# listeners.tcp.local    = 127.0.0.1:5672
# IPv6
# listeners.tcp.local_v6 = ::1:5672

## You can define multiple listeners using listener names
# listeners.tcp.other_port = 5673
# listeners.tcp.other_ip   = 10.10.10.10:5672


## TLS listeners are configured in the same fashion as TCP listeners,
## including the option to control the choice of interface.
##
# listeners.ssl.default = 5671

## It is possible to disable regular TCP (non-TLS) listeners. Clients
## not configured to use TLS and the correct TLS-enabled port won't be able
## to connect to this node.
# listeners.tcp = none

## Number of Erlang processes that will accept connections for the TCP
## and TLS listeners.
##
# num_acceptors.tcp = 10
# num_acceptors.ssl = 10

## Socket writer will force GC every so many bytes transferred.
## Default is 1 GiB (`1000000000`). Set to 'off' to disable.
##
# socket_writer.gc_threshold = 1000000000
#
## To disable:
# socket_writer.gc_threshold = off

## Maximum amount of time allowed for the AMQP 0-9-1 and AMQP 1.0 handshake
## (performed after socket connection and TLS handshake) to complete, in milliseconds.
##
# handshake_timeout = 10000

## Set to 'true' to perform reverse DNS lookups when accepting a
## connection. rabbitmqctl and management UI will then display hostnames
## instead of IP addresses. Default value is `false`.
##
# reverse_dns_lookups = false

##
## Security, Access Control
## ==============
##

## Related doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com/access-control.html.

## The default "guest" user is only permitted to access the server
## via a loopback interface (e.g. localhost).
## {loopback_users, [<<"guest">>]},
##
# loopback_users.guest = true

## Uncomment the following line if you want to allow access to the
## guest user from anywhere on the network.
# loopback_users.guest = false

## TLS configuration.
##
## Related doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com/ssl.html.
##
# listeners.ssl.1                  = 5671
# 
# ssl_options.verify               = verify_peer
# ssl_options.fail_if_no_peer_cert = false
# ssl_options.cacertfile           = /path/to/cacert.pem
# ssl_options.certfile             = /path/to/cert.pem
# ssl_options.keyfile              = /path/to/key.pem
#
# ssl_options.honor_cipher_order   = true
# ssl_options.honor_ecc_order      = true
#
## These are highly recommended for TLSv1.2 but cannot be used
## with TLSv1.3. If TLSv1.3 is enabled, these lines MUST be removed.
# ssl_options.client_renegotiation = false
# ssl_options.secure_renegotiate   = true
#
## Limits what TLS versions the server enables for client TLS
## connections. See https://www.rabbitmq.com/ssl.html#tls-versions for details.
##
## Cutting edge TLS version which requires recent client runtime
## versions and has no cipher suite in common with earlier TLS versions.
# ssl_options.versions.1 = tlsv1.3
## Enables TLSv1.2 for best compatibility
# ssl_options.versions.2 = tlsv1.2
## Older TLS versions have known vulnerabilities and are being phased out
## from wide use.

## Limits what cipher suites the server will use for client TLS
## connections. Narrowing this down can prevent some clients
## from connecting.
## If TLSv1.3 is enabled and cipher suites are overridden, TLSv1.3-specific
## cipher suites must also be explicitly enabled.
## See https://www.rabbitmq.com/ssl.html#cipher-suites and https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/TLS1.3#Ciphersuites
## for details.
#
## The example below uses TLSv1.3 cipher suites only
#
# ssl_options.ciphers.1  = TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.2  = TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.3  = TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.4  = TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.5  = TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256
#
## The example below uses TLSv1.2 cipher suites only
#
# ssl_options.ciphers.1  = ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.2  = ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.3  = ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.4  = ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.5  = ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.6  = ECDH-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.7  = ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.8  = ECDH-RSA-AES256-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.9  = DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.10 = DHE-DSS-AES256-GCM-SHA384
# ssl_options.ciphers.11 = DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.12 = DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.13 = ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.14 = ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.15 = ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.16 = ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.17 = ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.18 = ECDH-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.19 = ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.20 = ECDH-RSA-AES128-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.21 = DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.22 = DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.23 = DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.24 = DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256
# ssl_options.ciphers.25 = ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.26 = ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.27 = DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.28 = DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.29 = ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.30 = ECDH-RSA-AES256-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.31 = ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.32 = ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.33 = DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.34 = DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.35 = ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-SHA
# ssl_options.ciphers.36 = ECDH-RSA-AES128-SHA

# ssl_options.bypass_pem_cache = true

## Select an authentication/authorisation backend to use.
##
## Alternative backends are provided by plugins, such as rabbitmq-auth-backend-ldap.
##
## NB: These settings require certain plugins to be enabled.
##
## Related doc guides:
##
##  * https://rabbitmq.com/plugins.html
##  * https://rabbitmq.com/access-control.html
##

# auth_backends.1   = rabbit_auth_backend_internal

## uses separate backends for authentication and authorisation,
## see below.
# auth_backends.1.authn = rabbit_auth_backend_ldap
# auth_backends.1.authz = rabbit_auth_backend_internal

## The rabbitmq_auth_backend_ldap plugin allows the broker to
## perform authentication and authorisation by deferring to an
## external LDAP server.
##
## Relevant doc guides:
##
## * https://rabbitmq.com/ldap.html
## * https://rabbitmq.com/access-control.html
##
## uses LDAP for both authentication and authorisation
# auth_backends.1 = rabbit_auth_backend_ldap

## uses HTTP service for both authentication and
## authorisation
# auth_backends.1 = rabbit_auth_backend_http

## uses two backends in a chain: HTTP first, then internal
# auth_backends.1   = rabbit_auth_backend_http
# auth_backends.2   = rabbit_auth_backend_internal

## Authentication
## The built-in mechanisms are 'PLAIN',
## 'AMQPLAIN', and 'EXTERNAL' Additional mechanisms can be added via
## plugins.
##
## Related doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com/authentication.html.
##
# auth_mechanisms.1 = PLAIN
# auth_mechanisms.2 = AMQPLAIN

## The rabbitmq-auth-mechanism-ssl plugin makes it possible to
## authenticate a user based on the client's x509 (TLS) certificate.
## Related doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com/authentication.html.
##
## To use auth-mechanism-ssl, the EXTERNAL mechanism should
## be enabled:
##
# auth_mechanisms.1 = PLAIN
# auth_mechanisms.2 = AMQPLAIN
# auth_mechanisms.3 = EXTERNAL

## To force x509 certificate-based authentication on all clients,
## exclude all other mechanisms (note: this will disable password-based
## authentication even for the management UI!):
##
# auth_mechanisms.1 = EXTERNAL

## This pertains to both the rabbitmq-auth-mechanism-ssl plugin and
## STOMP ssl_cert_login configurations. See the RabbitMQ STOMP plugin
## configuration section later in this file and the README in
## https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-auth-mechanism-ssl for further
## details.
##
## To use the TLS cert's CN instead of its DN as the username
##
# ssl_cert_login_from   = common_name

## TLS handshake timeout, in milliseconds.
##
# ssl_handshake_timeout = 5000


## Cluster name
##
# cluster_name = dev3.eng.megacorp.local

## Password hashing implementation. Will only affect newly
## created users. To recalculate hash for an existing user
## it's necessary to update her password.
##
## To use SHA-512, set to rabbit_password_hashing_sha512.
##
# password_hashing_module = rabbit_password_hashing_sha256

## When importing definitions exported from versions earlier
## than 3.6.0, it is possible to go back to MD5 (only do this
## as a temporary measure!) by setting this to rabbit_password_hashing_md5.
##
# password_hashing_module = rabbit_password_hashing_md5

##
## Default User / VHost
## ====================
##

## On first start RabbitMQ will create a vhost and a user. These
## config items control what gets created.
## Relevant doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com/access-control.html
##
# default_vhost = /
# default_user = guest
# default_pass = guest

# default_permissions.configure = .*
# default_permissions.read = .*
# default_permissions.write = .*

## Tags for default user
##
## For more details about tags, see the documentation for the
## Management Plugin at https://rabbitmq.com/management.html.
##
# default_user_tags.administrator = true

## Define other tags like this:
# default_user_tags.management = true
# default_user_tags.custom_tag = true

##
## Additional network and protocol related configuration
## =====================================================
##

## Set the server AMQP 0-9-1 heartbeat timeout in seconds.
## RabbitMQ nodes will send heartbeat frames at roughly
## the (timeout / 2) interval. Two missed heartbeats from
## a client will close its connection.
##
## Values lower than 6 seconds are very likely to produce
## false positives and are not recommended.
##
## Related doc guides:
##
## * https://rabbitmq.com/heartbeats.html
## * https://rabbitmq.com/networking.html
##
# heartbeat = 60

## Set the max permissible size of an AMQP frame (in bytes).
##
# frame_max = 131072

## Set the max frame size the server will accept before connection
## tuning occurs
##
# initial_frame_max = 4096

## Set the max permissible number of channels per connection.
## 0 means "no limit".
##
# channel_max = 128

## Customising TCP Listener (Socket) Configuration.
##
## Related doc guides:
##
## * https://rabbitmq.com/networking.html
## * https://www.erlang.org/doc/man/inet.html#setopts-2
##

# tcp_listen_options.backlog = 128
# tcp_listen_options.nodelay = true
# tcp_listen_options.exit_on_close = false
#
# tcp_listen_options.keepalive = true
# tcp_listen_options.send_timeout = 15000
#
# tcp_listen_options.buffer = 196608
# tcp_listen_options.sndbuf = 196608
# tcp_listen_options.recbuf = 196608

##
## Resource Limits & Flow Control
## ==============================
##
## Related doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com/memory.html.

## Memory-based Flow Control threshold.
##
# vm_memory_high_watermark.relative = 0.4

## Alternatively, we can set a limit (in bytes) of RAM used by the node.
##
# vm_memory_high_watermark.absolute = 1073741824

## Or you can set absolute value using memory units (with RabbitMQ 3.6.0+).
## Absolute watermark will be ignored if relative is defined!
##
# vm_memory_high_watermark.absolute = 2GB
##
## Supported unit symbols:
##
## k, kiB: kibibytes (2^10 - 1,024 bytes)
## M, MiB: mebibytes (2^20 - 1,048,576 bytes)
## G, GiB: gibibytes (2^30 - 1,073,741,824 bytes)
## kB: kilobytes (10^3 - 1,000 bytes)
## MB: megabytes (10^6 - 1,000,000 bytes)
## GB: gigabytes (10^9 - 1,000,000,000 bytes)



## Fraction of the high watermark limit at which queues start to
## page message out to disc in order to free up memory.
## For example, when vm_memory_high_watermark is set to 0.4 and this value is set to 0.5,
## paging can begin as early as when 20% of total available RAM is used by the node.
##
## Values greater than 1.0 can be dangerous and should be used carefully.
##
## One alternative to this is to use durable queues and publish messages
## as persistent (delivery mode = 2). With this combination queues will
## move messages to disk much more rapidly.
##
## Another alternative is to configure queues to page all messages (both
## persistent and transient) to disk as quickly
## as possible, see https://rabbitmq.com/lazy-queues.html.
##
# vm_memory_high_watermark_paging_ratio = 0.5

## Selects Erlang VM memory consumption calculation strategy. Can be `allocated`, `rss` or `legacy` (aliased as `erlang`),
## Introduced in 3.6.11. `rss` is the default as of 3.6.12.
## See https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/issues/1223 and rabbitmq/rabbitmq-common#224 for background.
# vm_memory_calculation_strategy = rss

## Interval (in milliseconds) at which we perform the check of the memory
## levels against the watermarks.
##
# memory_monitor_interval = 2500

## The total memory available can be calculated from the OS resources
## - default option - or provided as a configuration parameter.
# total_memory_available_override_value = 2GB

## Set disk free limit (in bytes). Once free disk space reaches this
## lower bound, a disk alarm will be set - see the documentation
## listed above for more details.
##
## Absolute watermark will be ignored if relative is defined!
# disk_free_limit.absolute = 50000

## Or you can set it using memory units (same as in vm_memory_high_watermark)
## with RabbitMQ 3.6.0+.
# disk_free_limit.absolute = 500KB
# disk_free_limit.absolute = 50mb
# disk_free_limit.absolute = 5GB

## Alternatively, we can set a limit relative to total available RAM.
##
## Values lower than 1.0 can be dangerous and should be used carefully.
# disk_free_limit.relative = 2.0

##
## Clustering
## =====================
##
# cluster_partition_handling = ignore

## Pauses all nodes on the minority side of a partition. The cluster
## MUST have an odd number of nodes (3, 5, etc)
# cluster_partition_handling = pause_minority

## pause_if_all_down strategy require additional configuration
# cluster_partition_handling = pause_if_all_down

## Recover strategy. Can be either 'autoheal' or 'ignore'
# cluster_partition_handling.pause_if_all_down.recover = ignore

## Node names to check
# cluster_partition_handling.pause_if_all_down.nodes.1 = rabbit@localhost
# cluster_partition_handling.pause_if_all_down.nodes.2 = hare@localhost

## Mirror sync batch size, in messages. Increasing this will speed
## up syncing but total batch size in bytes must not exceed 2 GiB.
## Available in RabbitMQ 3.6.0 or later.
##
# mirroring_sync_batch_size = 4096

## Make clustering happen *automatically* at startup. Only applied
## to nodes that have just been reset or started for the first time.
##
## Relevant doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com//cluster-formation.html
##

# cluster_formation.peer_discovery_backend     = rabbit_peer_discovery_classic_config
#
# cluster_formation.classic_config.nodes.1 = rabbit1@hostname
# cluster_formation.classic_config.nodes.2 = rabbit2@hostname
# cluster_formation.classic_config.nodes.3 = rabbit3@hostname
# cluster_formation.classic_config.nodes.4 = rabbit4@hostname

## DNS-based peer discovery. This backend will list A records
## of the configured hostname and perform reverse lookups for
## the addresses returned.

# cluster_formation.peer_discovery_backend = rabbit_peer_discovery_dns
# cluster_formation.dns.hostname = discovery.eng.example.local

## This node's type can be configured. If you are not sure
## what node type to use, always use 'disc'.
# cluster_formation.node_type = disc

## Interval (in milliseconds) at which we send keepalive messages
## to other cluster members. Note that this is not the same thing
## as net_ticktime; missed keepalive messages will not cause nodes
## to be considered down.
##
# cluster_keepalive_interval = 10000

##
## Statistics Collection
## =====================
##

## Statistics collection interval (in milliseconds). Increasing
## this will reduce the load on management database.
##
# collect_statistics_interval = 5000

## Fine vs. coarse statistics
#
# This value is no longer meant to be configured directly.
#
# See https://www.rabbitmq.com/management.html#fine-stats.

##
## Ra Settings
## =====================
##
# raft.segment_max_entries = 65536
# raft.wal_max_size_bytes = 1048576
# raft.wal_max_batch_size = 4096
# raft.snapshot_chunk_size = 1000000

##
## Misc/Advanced Options
## =====================
##
## NB: Change these only if you understand what you are doing!
##

## Timeout used when waiting for Mnesia tables in a cluster to
## become available.
##
# mnesia_table_loading_retry_timeout = 30000

## Retries when waiting for Mnesia tables in the cluster startup. Note that
## this setting is not applied to Mnesia upgrades or node deletions.
##
# mnesia_table_loading_retry_limit = 10

## Size in bytes below which to embed messages in the queue index.
## Related doc guide: https://rabbitmq.com/persistence-conf.html
##
# queue_index_embed_msgs_below = 4096

## You can also set this size in memory units
##
# queue_index_embed_msgs_below = 4kb

## Whether or not to enable background periodic forced GC runs for all
## Erlang processes on the node in "waiting" state.
##
## Disabling background GC may reduce latency for client operations,
## keeping it enabled may reduce median RAM usage by the binary heap
## (see https://www.erlang-solutions.com/blog/erlang-garbage-collector.html).
##
## Before trying this option, please take a look at the memory
## breakdown (https://www.rabbitmq.com/memory-use.html).
##
# background_gc_enabled = false

## Target (desired) interval (in milliseconds) at which we run background GC.
## The actual interval will vary depending on how long it takes to execute
## the operation (can be higher than this interval). Values less than
## 30000 milliseconds are not recommended.
##
# background_gc_target_interval = 60000

## Whether or not to enable proxy protocol support.
## Once enabled, clients cannot directly connect to the broker
## anymore. They must connect through a load balancer that sends the
## proxy protocol header to the broker at connection time.
## This setting applies only to AMQP clients, other protocols
## like MQTT or STOMP have their own setting to enable proxy protocol.
## See the plugins documentation for more information.
##
# proxy_protocol = false

## Overriden product name and version.
## They are set to

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3、参数及策略

3.1、参数

RabbitMQ绝大大多数的配置都可以通过修改rabbitrnq.conf配置文件来完成，但是其中有些配置并不太适合在rabbitrnq.conf中去实现。比如某项配置不需要同步到集群中的其他节点中，或者某项配置需要在运行时更改（rabbitrnq.conf需要重启Broker才能生效）。这种类型的配置在RabbitMQ中的另一种称呼为参数(Parameter)，也可以称之为运行时参数(Runtime Parameter)。

Parameter可以通过rabbitrnqctl工具或者RabbitMQ Management插件提供的HTTP API接口来设置。
RabbitMQ中一共有两种类型的Parameter：vhost级别的Parameter和global级别的Parameter。
- vhost级别的Parameter由一个组件名称(component name)、名称(name)和值(value)组成。
- global级别的参数由一个名称和值组成。
- 不管是vhost级别还是global级别的参数，其所对应的值都是JSON类型的。

3.1.1、vhost级别参数

//设置vhost运行时参数
rabbitmqctl set_parameter [--vhost <vhost>] <component_name> <name> <value>
    <component_name>：组件名称
    <name>：参数名称(标识符)
    <value>：参数值
//清除vhost运行时参数
rabbitmqctl clear_parameter [--vhost <vhost>] <component_name> <name>
//列出vhost运行时参数
rabbitmqctl list_parameters [--vhost <vhost>]

3.1.2、global级别参数

//设置global运行时参数
rabbitmqctl set_global_parameter <name> <value>
//清除global运行时参数
rabbitmqctl clear_global_parameter <name>
//列出global运行时参数
rabbitmqctl list_global_parameters]

3.2、策略

Policy是vhost级别的，是一种特殊的Parameter的用法。
一个Policy可以匹配一个或者多个队列(或者交换器，或者两者兼有)，这样便于批量管理。Policy也可以支持动态地修改一些属性参数，大大地提高了应用的灵活度。
一般来说，Policy用来配置Federation、镜像、备份交换器、死信等功能。

//定义策略
rabbitmqctl set_policy [--vhost <vhost>] [--priority <priority>] [--apply-to <apply-to>] <name> <pattern> <definition>
    <vhost>：表示Policy定义在哪个vhost
    <priority>：优先级。如果有多个Policy作用于同一个交换器或者队列，那么Priority最大的那个Policy才会生效。
    <apply-to>：用来指定Policy作用于哪一方。一共有三个选项"Exchanges and queues"表示作用于Pattern所匹配的所有队列和交换器；"Exchanges"表示作用于Pattern所匹配的所有交换器；"Queues"表示作用于Pattern所匹配的所有队列。
    <name>：Policy的名字(标识符)
    <pattern>：一个正则表达式，用来匹配相关的队列或者交换器。
    <definition>：策略定义(参数)。定义一组或者多组键值对，为匹配到的交换器或者队列附加相应的功能。（必须是一个有效的JSON文档）
//清空策略
rabbitmqctl clear_policy [--vhost <vhost>] <name>
//查看策略
rabbitmqctl [--quiet] list_policies [--vhost <vhost>]