Kubernetes08-深入掌握Service

Service是Kubernetes的核心概念，通过创建Service，可以为一组具有相同功能的容器应用提供一个统一的入口地址，并且将请求负载分发到后端的各个容器应用上。

1、Service定义详解

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:                    #元数据
  name: string               #Service的名称，需符合RFC1035规范
  namespace: string          #名称空间，不指定系统时将使用名为“default”的名称空间
  labels:                    #自定义标签属性列表
    - name: string
  annotations:               #自定义注解属性列表
    - name: string
spec:
  selector: []               #Label Selector配置，将选择具有指定Label（标签）的Pod作为它的后端
  type: string               #Service的类型，指定Service的访问方式。可选值是ClusterIP、NodePort或LoadBalancer，默认值是ClusterIP。
  clusterIP: string          #Service的IP地址。当type=ClusterIP、NodeIP时，如果不指定，则系统会自动分配；当type=LoadBalancer时，则需要指定。
  sessionAffinity: string    #是否支持Session，可选值是None、ClientIP，默认值为None。ClientIP：表示将同一个客户端（根据客户端的IP地址决定）的请求都转发到同一个后端Pod。
  ports:                     #Service需要暴露的端口列表
  - name: string             #端口名称
    protocol: string         #端口协议，支持TCP和UDP，默认值是TCP
    port: int                #Service监听的端口号
    targetPort: int          #后端Pod的端口号
    nodePort: int            #当spec.type=NodePort时，指定映射到物理机的端口号
  status:                    #当spec.type=LoadBalancer时，设置外部负载均衡器的地址，用于公有云环境
    loadBalancer:            #外部负载均衡器
      ingress:               #外部负载均衡器
        ip: string           #外部负我均衡苦苦的IP 地址
        hostname: string     #外部负载均衡器的主机名

2、Service的基本用法

为什么要使用Service？
- Pod是非永久性资源，并且每个Pod都有自己的IP地址。
- Deployment可能会在同一时刻运行多个Pod，并且可能会随时销毁或创建pod（即pod的ip地址是变动的）。
- Service可以通过的标签选择器选择一组Pod，并提供一个对外的固定端口。

Service通过Endpoints获取后端pod：
- endpoint是k8s集群中的一个资源对象，存储在etcd中，用来记录一个service对应的所有pod的IP地址。
- 只有service配置了selector，endpoint controller才会自动创建对应的endpoint对象（与Servic同名）；否则，就不会创建endpoint对象。
  - 获取资源Endpoints（kubectl get ep -o wide -A）
当Pod的地址发生变化时，EndPoints也随之变化。Service接收到请求时，就能通过EndPoints找到请求转发的目标地址。

通过spec.type设定Service的类型：
- ClusterIP：虚拟的服务IP地址，只能在Kubemetes集群内部对Pod进行访问，在Node上kube-proxy通过设置的iptables规则进行转发。
- NodePort：使用宿主机的端口，使客户端可以通过各<节点 IP>:<节点端口>访问pod中的服务。
- LoadBalancer：使用外接负载均衡器完成到服务的负载分发，需要在spec.status.loadBalancer字段指定外部负载均衡器的IP地址，并同时定义nodePort和clusterIP ，用于公有云环境。
- ExternalName：通过返回CNAME和对应值，可以将服务映射到externalName字段的内容（例如，foo.bar.example.com）。无需创建任何类型代理。(让pod访问k8s集群外部的服务)

示例：创建用于Service示例的Deployment

1、创建Deployment的yaml文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: svc-nginx-deployment
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: svc-nginx-pod
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: svc-nginx-pod
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: html
        hostPath:
          path: /apps/html
      containers:
      - name: svc-nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        command: ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
          name: html

2、创建并查看pod

]# kubectl apply -f svc-nginx-deployment.yaml

]# kubectl get pod -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
default       svc-nginx-deployment-58c7c77486-6x4c6      1/1     Running   0          10m   10.10.169.131   k8s-node2     <none>           <none>
default       svc-nginx-deployment-58c7c77486-phcqm      1/1     Running   0          10m   10.10.36.67     k8s-node1     <none>           <none>

3、通过PodIP:podPort访问nginx

]# echo '<h1>12</h1>' > /apps/html/index.html
]# echo '<h1>13</h1>' > /apps/html/index.html

]# curl 10.10.169.131:80
]# curl 10.10.36.67:80

2.1、Service类型之ClusterIP

只能在Kubemetes集群内部对Pod进行访问。

配置clusterIP：
- 在Service创建的请求中，可以通过设置spec.clusterIP字段来指定自己的集群IP地址。
- 用户选择的IP地址必须合法，并且这个IP地址在service-cluster-ip-range CIDR范围内，这对API服务器来说是通过一个标识来指定的。如果IP地址不合法，API服务器会返回HTTP状态码422，表示值不合法。

示例：

使用svc-nginx-deployment控制器创建的Pod。

1、创建Service的yaml文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-svc
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: nginx-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: svc-nginx-pod
  type: ClusterIP           #type的默认值是ClusterIP。因此当type是ClusterIP时，可以不指定。
  clusterIP: 10.20.20.20    #虚拟服务IP地址。如果不指定，则系统会自动分配
  ports:
  - name: nginx
    port: 8888
    targetPort: 80

2、创建Service

]# kubectl apply -f nginx-svc.yaml

3、查看Service

]# kubectl get svc -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE   SELECTOR
default       nginx-svc          ClusterIP   10.20.20.20     <none>        8888/TCP                 31s   app=svc-nginx-pod

4、访问nginx

//通过PodIP:podPort访问
]# curl 10.10.169.131:80
]# curl 10.10.36.67:80

//通过ServiceIP:ServicePort访问
]# curl 10.20.20.20:8888

2.2、Service类型之NodePort

客户端可以通过各<节点 IP>:<节点端口>访问pod中的服务。

示例：

使用svc-nginx-deployment控制器创建的Pod。

1、创建Service的yaml文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-svc
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: nginx-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: svc-nginx-pod
  type: NodePort            #type=NodePort
  clusterIP: 10.20.20.20    #虚拟服务IP地址。如果不指定，则系统会自动分配
  ports:
  - name: nginx
    port: 8888
    nodePort: 8880
    targetPort: 80

2、创建Service

]# kubectl apply -f nginx-svc.yaml

3、查看Service

]# kubectl get svc -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE   SELECTOR
default       nginx-svc          NodePort    10.20.20.20     <none>        8888:8880/TCP            14s   app=svc-nginx-pod

4、访问nginx

//通过PodIP:podPort访问
]# curl 10.10.169.131:80
]# curl 10.10.36.67:80

//通过ServiceIP:ServicePort访问
]# curl 10.20.20.20:8888

//通过NodeIP:NodePort访问
]# curl 10.1.1.12:8880

2.3、多端口Service

如果一个pod应用提供了多个端口，那么在Service的定义中也可以相应地设置多个端口，并一一对应到各个pod端口。

示例1：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: test-svc
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: test-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: test-pod
  ports:
  - name: web           #!
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  - name: management    #!
    port: 7676
    targetPort: 7676

示例2：

两个端口号使用了不同的4层协议—TCP和UDP

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: test-svc
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: test-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: test-pod
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    targetPort: 53
    protocol: UDP    #!
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    targetPort: 53
    protocol: TCP    #!

2.4、外部服务Service

外部服务Service可以将Kubernetes外部的一个进程，或将另一个Kubernetes集群或Namespace中的pod作为它的端点。
- 希望在生产环境中使用Kubernetes外部的数据库集群，但测试环境使用Kubernetes内部的数据库。
- 希望Service指向另一个名字空间（Namespace）中或其它Kubernetes集群中的pod。
- 正在将工作负载迁移到Kubernetes。在评估该方法时，你仅在Kubernetes中运行一部分后端。
实现外部服务Service只需要不配置标签选择器即可（将service.spec.selector设置为空，或者不配置）
- (1)创建一个不带标签选择器的Service，该Service不会选择后端的Pod，系统也不会自动创建Endpoint。
- (2)需要手动创建一个和该Service同名的Endpoint，用于指向实际的后端访问地址。

Endpoints中的IP地址不能是Kubernetes的Serice IP，因为kube-proxy不支持将虚拟IP作为目标。

示例：

1、安装nginx

在10.1.1.11上安装nginx

]# yum install nginx

]# systemctl start nginx

]# echo '<h1>nginx 10.1.1.11</h1>' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

]# curl 10.1.1.11:80
<h1>nginx 10.1.1.11</h1>

2、创建Service和Endpoints的yaml文件

如果在ServicePort中定义了“name”字段，则EndpointPort中的“name”字段的值必须和它一样，否则将不能正常访问服务。
Service和Endpoint的名字要相同.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ep-nginx-svc    #!
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 18888
    targetPort: 80
    name: nginx         #!
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
  name: ep-nginx-svc    #!
subsets:
- addresses:
  - ip: 10.1.1.11       #外部服务所在机器的IP地址
  ports:
  - port: 80            #外部服务监听的端口
    name: nginx         #!

3、创建，并查看Service和Endpoints

//创建Service和Endpoints
]# kubectl apply -f ep-nginx-svc.yaml

//查看Service
]# kubectl get svc -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE    SELECTOR
default       ep-nginx-svc       ClusterIP   10.20.199.164   <none>        18888/TCP                91s    <none>

//查看Endpoints
]# kubectl get ep -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME               ENDPOINTS                                                        AGE
default       ep-nginx-svc       10.1.1.11:80                                                     106s

//查看Service的详情
]# kubectl describe svc ep-nginx-svc
Name:              ep-nginx-svc
Namespace:         default
Labels:            <none>
Annotations:       <none>
Selector:          <none>
Type:              ClusterIP
IP Families:       <none>
IP:                10.20.199.164
IPs:               10.20.199.164
Port:              nginx  18888/TCP
TargetPort:        80/TCP
Endpoints:         10.1.1.11:80
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            <none>

4、访问nginx

//通过ServiceIP:ServicePort访问
]# curl 10.20.199.164:18888
<h1>nginx 10.1.1.11</h1>

2.5、无头服务（Headless Service）

无头服务（Headless Service）：只是用Service选定后端的Pod，然后将PodIP提供给开发人员。

使用Headless Service的场景：
- 开发人员希望自己控制负载均衡的策略，不使用Service提供的默认负载均衡的功能。
- 应用程序希望知道属于同组服务的其他实例。
实现Headless Service：只需将Cluster IP（spec.clusterIP）的值设置为"None"。即不为Service设置ClusterIP（入口IP地址），仅通过Label Selector将后端的Pod列表返回给调用的客户端。
无头服务不会分配Cluster IP，kube-proxy不会处理它们，而且平台也不会为它们进行负载均衡和路由。DNS如何实现自动配置，依赖于Service是否定义了标签选择器。

示例：

1、创建Service的yaml文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-svc
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: nginx-svc
spec:
  selector:
    app: svc-nginx-pod
  clusterIP: None    #clusterIP=None
  ports:
  - port: 8888       #需要设定，否则不能选择到pod，即查看service详情时Endpoints为空

2、创建Service

]# kubectl apply -f nginx-svc.yaml

3、查看Service

]# kubectl get svc -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE    SELECTOR
default       nginx-svc          ClusterIP   None            <none>        8888/TCP                 4s     app=svc-nginx-pod

]# kubectl describe svc nginx-svc
Name:              nginx-svc
Namespace:         default
Labels:            app=nginx-svc
Annotations:       <none>
Selector:          app=svc-nginx-pod
Type:              ClusterIP
IP Families:       <none>
IP:                None
IPs:               None
Port:              <unset>  8888/TCP
TargetPort:        8888/TCP
Endpoints:         10.10.169.131:8888,10.10.36.67:8888
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            <none>

无头服务不具有一个特定的ClusterIP地址。对其进行访问时要先获得包含Label “app=svc-nginx-pod”的全部Pod列表，然后客户端程序自行决定如何处理这个Pod列表。例如，StatefulSet就是使用Headless Service为客户端返回多个服务地址的。
对于“去中心化”类的应用集群，Headless Service将非常有用。

3、从集群外部访问Pod或Service

由于Pod和Service都是Kubernetes集群范围内的虚拟概念，所以集群外的客户端系统无法通过Pod的IP地址或者Service的虚拟IP地址和虚拟端口号访问它们。为了让外部客户端可以访问这些服务，可以将Pod或Service的端口号映射到宿主机，以使客户端应用能够通过物理机访问容器应用。

3.1、将容器的端口映射到物理机

3.1.1、设置容器级别的hostPort

通过设置容器级别的hostPort，将容器应用的端口号映射到物理机上。
只能通过pod所在的宿主机物理地址IP访问。

示例：

1、创建deployment的yaml文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: network-nginx-deployment
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: network-nginx-pod
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: network-nginx-pod
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: html
        hostPath:
          path: /apps/html
      containers:
      - name: network-nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        command: ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          hostPort: 18081    #指定hostPort
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
          name: html

2、创建并查看pod

]# kubectl apply -f network-nginx-deployment.yaml

]# kubectl get pods -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
default       network-nginx-deployment-57c88d84d6-878jx   1/1     Running   0          19s   10.10.169.132   k8s-node2     <none>           <none>
default       network-nginx-deployment-57c88d84d6-r9xrg   1/1     Running   0          19s   10.10.36.68     k8s-node1     <none>           <none>

3、访问pod

]# echo '<h1>12</h1>' > /apps/html/index.html
]# echo '<h1>13</h1>' > /apps/html/index.html

//通过NodeIP:NodePort访问
]# curl 10.1.1.12:18081
]# curl 10.1.1.13:18081

3.1.2、设置Pod级别的hostNetwork

通过设置Pod级别的hostNetwork=true，该Pod中所有容器的端口号都将被直接映射到物理机上。
只能通过pod所在的宿主机物理地址IP访问。
在设置hostNetwork=true时需要注意：
- 在容器的ports定义部分，如果不指定hostPort，则默认hostPort等于containerPort。
- 在容器的ports定义部分，如果指定了hostPort，则hostPort必须等于containerPort的值。

示例：

1、创建Service的yaml文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: network-nginx-deployment
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: network-nginx-pod
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: network-nginx-pod
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: html
        hostPath:
          path: /apps/html
      containers:
      - name: network-nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        command: ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80    #!
          hostPort: 80         #!
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
          name: html
      hostNetwork: true        #!

2、创建并查看pod

]# kubectl apply -f network-nginx-deployment.yaml

]# kubectl get pods -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
default       network-nginx-deployment-6f8db995f9-cmvb7   1/1     Running   0          11s   10.1.1.12       k8s-node1     <none>           <none>
default       network-nginx-deployment-6f8db995f9-sdhps   1/1     Running   0          11s   10.1.1.13       k8s-node2     <none>           <none>

3、访问pod

]# echo '<h1>12</h1>' > /apps/html/index.html
]# echo '<h1>13</h1>' > /apps/html/index.html

//通过NodeIP:NodePort访问
]# curl 10.1.1.12:80
]# curl 10.1.1.13:80

3.2、将Service的端口号映射到物理机

3.2.1、设置Service的类型为NodePort

通过设置nodePort映射到物理机，同时设置Service的类型为NodePort。

示例：

见本页的“2.2、Service类型之NodePort”

3.2.2、设置Service的类型为LoadBalancer

通过设置LoadBalancer映射到云服务商提供的LoadBalancer地址。这种用法仅用于在公有云服务提供商的云平台上设置Service的场景。

4、DNS服务搭建和配置指南

作为服务发现机制的基本功能，在集群内需要能够通过服务名对服务进行访问，这就需要一个集群范围内的DNS服务来完成从服务名到ClusterIP的解析。

DNS服务在Kubernetes的发展过程中经历了3个阶段。

在Kubernetes 1.2版本时，DNS服务是由SkyDNS提供的，它由4个容器组成：kube2sky、skydns、etcd和healthz。
- kube2sky容器监控Kubernetes中Service资源的变化，根据Service的名称和IP地址信息生成DNS记录，并将其保存到etcd中；
- skydns容器从etcd中读取DNS记录，并为客户端容器应用提供DNS查询服务；
- healthz容器提供对skydns服务的健康检查功能。
从Kubernetes 1.4版本开始，SkyDNS组件便被KubeDNS替换，主要考虑是SkyDNS组件之间通信较多，整体性能不高。KubeDNS由3个容器组成：kubedns、dnsmasq和sidecar，去掉了SkyDNS中的etcd存储，将DNS记录直接保存在内存中，以提高查询性能。
- kubedns容器监控Kubernetes中Service资源的变化，根据Service的名称和IP地址生成DNS记录，并将DNS记录保存在内存中；
- dnsmasq容器从kubedns中获取DNS记录，提供DNS缓存，为客户端容器应用提供DNS查询服务；
- sidecar提供对kubedns和dnsmasq服务的健康检查功能。
从Kubernetes 1.11版本开始，Kubernetes集群的DNS服务由CoreDNS提供。CoreDNS是CNCF基金会的一个项目，是用Go语言实现的高性能、插件式、易扩展的DNS服务端。CoreDNS解决了KubeDNS的一些问题，例如dnsmasq的安全漏洞、externalName不能使用stubDomains设置，等等。
- CoreDNS支持自定义DNS记录及配置upstream DNS Server，可以统一管理Kubernetes基于服务的内部DNS和数据中心的物理DNS。
- CoreDNS没有使用多个容器的架构，只用一个容器便实现了KubeDNS内3个容器的全部功能。

CoreDNS的总体架构，如图所示：

4.1、安装CoreDNS

参见部署Kubernetes

4.2、Pod级别的DNS配置说明

Pod级别的DNS策略（spec.dnsPolicy，默认为“ClusterFirst”）：
- Default：继承Pod所在宿主机的DNS设置。
- ClusterFirst：优先使用Kubernetes环境的DNS服务（如CoreDNS提供的域名解析服务），将无法解析的域名转发到从宿主机继承的DNS服务器。
- ClusterFirstWithHostNet：与ClusterFirst相同，对于以hostNetwork模式运行的Pod，应明确指定使用该策略。
- None：忽略Kubernetes环境的DNS配置，通过spec.dnsConfig自定义DNS配置。这个选项从Kubernetes 1.9版本开始引入，到Kubernetes 1.10版本升级为Beta版，到Kubernetes 1.14版本升级为稳定版。
DNSConfig中给出的DNS参数将与dnsppolicy中选择的策略合并。如果dnsPolicy选项与hostNetwork一起设置，必须明确指定DNS策略为'ClusterFirstWithHostNet'。

自定义DNS配置可以通过spec.dnsConfig字段进行设置，可以设置下列信息：
- nameservers：一组DNS服务器的列表，最多可以设置3个。
- searches：一组用于域名搜索的DNS域名后缀，最多可以设置6个。
- options：配置其他可选DNS参数，例如ndots、timeout等，以name或name/value对的形式表示。

示例：

1、创建Deployment的yaml文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dns-busybox-deployment
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: dns-busybox-pod
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: dns-busybox-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dns-busybox-container
        image: busybox:1.28
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command: ["/bin/sleep", "3600"]
      dnsPolicy: Default    #!
      dnsConfig:            #!
        nameservers:
        - 1.2.3.4
        searches:
        - nsl.svc.cluster.local
        - my.dns.search.suffix
        options:
        - name: ndots
          value: "2"
        - name: edns0

2、创建，并查看pod

]# kubectl apply -f dns-busybox-deployment.yaml 

]# kubectl get pods -o wide -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
default       dns-busybox-deployment-658df4ccdd-8drvl     1/1     Running   0          5s    10.10.169.134   k8s-node2     <none>           <none>

3、进入pod中，查看/etc/resolv.conf

“nameserver 114.114.114.114”是宿主机/etc/resolv.conf 中的内容。

]# kubectl exec -it dns-busybox-deployment-658df4ccdd-8drvl  -- /bin/sh
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf 
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 1.2.3.4
search nsl.svc.cluster.local my.dns.search.suffix
options ndots:2 edns0

5、Ingress：HTTP 7层路由机制

ingress说明：https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
ingress controller说明：https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers/
https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/

5.1、Ingress介绍

5.1.1、Ingress是什么？

对于基于HTTP的服务来说，不同的URL地址经常对应到不同的后端服务或者虚拟服务器（Virtual Host），这些应用层的转发机制仅通过Kubernetes的Service机制是无法实现的。从Kubernetes 1.1版本开始新增Ingress资源对象，用于将不同URL的请求转发到后端不同的Service，以实现HTTP层的业务路由机制。

Ingress公开了从集群外部到集群内服务（Service）的HTTP和HTTPS路由。流量路由由Ingress资源上定义的规则控制。
Ingress不会公开任意端口或协议。将HTTP和HTTPS以外的服务公开到Internet时，通常使用Service.Type=NodePort或Service.Type=LoadBalancer 类型的Service。

Ingress controller通常使用负载均衡器来实现Ingress，尽管它也可以配置边缘路由器或其他前端来帮助处理流量。
Ingress可为Service提供外部可访问的URL、负载均衡流量、终止SSL/TLS，以及基于名称的虚拟托管。

一个典型的HTTP层路由的例子，如图所示：
- 对http://mywebsite.com/api的访问将被路由到后端名为api的Service；
- 对http://mywebsite.com/web的访问将被路由到后端名为web的Service；
- 对http://mywebsite.com/docs的访问将被路由到后端名为docs的Service。

5.1.2、Ingress环境准备

使用Ingress实现一个完整的七层负载均衡器，需要两步：
- (1)安装Ingress Controller。
- (2)定义一个Ingress资源对象，用来关联需要暴露出去的Pod的Service。
必须有一个Ingress Controller才能满足Ingress的要求。仅创建Ingress资源本身没有任何效果。
可以从许多Ingress Controller中进行选择一个进行安装。不同的Ingress控制器操作略有不同。
- Haproxy：最不受待见
- Nginx：默认是应用
- Traefik：为微服务而生，
- Envoy：服务网格，做微服务倾向使用Envoy

5.1.3、Ingress规则

kubectl explain ingress.spec.rules（每个rules都包含以下信息）
- host：
  - 未指定host：适用于通过指定IP地址的所有HTTP的请求。
  - 指定host：
    - 如果Host是精确的，则http的Host头等于Host，则匹配该规则。
    - 如果Host是一个通配符，那么如果http主机报头等于通配符规则的后缀(删除第一个标签)，则请求匹配该规则。
- http：
  - paths：
    - backend：定义将请求转发到哪个Service。
    - path：与请求的路径相匹配。路径必须以“/”开头。当未指定时，将匹配来自传入请求的所有路径。
    - pathType：决定对Path匹配的解释。可选值有Exact和Prefix。
      - Exact：精确匹配URL路径。
      - Prefix：匹配基于URL路径前缀分割'/'。如果Prefix的值是请求路径的前缀子串，就匹配。
- 与host和path匹配的对Ingress的HTTP（和HTTPS）请求将会被发送到backend。

5.1.4、默认后端

kubectl explain ingress.spec.defaultBackend
- resource：是Ingress对象名称空间中另一个Kubernetes资源对象。与“Service”互斥。
  - apiGroup：是被引用资源的组。如果不指定APIGroup，则指定的Kind必须在核心API组中。对于任何其他第三方类型，都需要指定APIGroup。
  - kind：是被引用的资源的类型。
  - name：是被引用的资源的名称。
- service：引用一个Service作为后端。与“Resource”互斥。
  - name：被引用的Service。该Service必须与Ingress对象在同一个名称空间中。
  - port：被引用Service的端口。IngressServiceBackend需要一个端口名称或端口号。
一个没有设置rules的Ingress会将所有的请求发送到defaultbackend定义的默认后端。
- defaultBackend通常是Ingress控制器的一个配置选项，不会在Ingress资源中指定。
- 如果没有指定.spec.rules，则必须指定.spec.defaultbackend。如果defaultBackend没有设置，不匹配任何规则的请求的处理将由入口控制器。
如果所有主机或路径都不匹配Ingress对象中的HTTP请求，流量将被路由到默认后端。

5.2、安装Ingress Controller

在定义Ingress策略之前，需要先部署Ingress Controller，以实现为所有后端Service都提供一个统一的入口。
- Ingress Controller需要实现基于不同HTTP URL向后转发请求，并可以灵活设置7层负载分发策略。
- 如果公有云服务商能够提供该类型的HTTP路由LoadBalancer，则也可设置其为Ingress Controller。
在Kubernetes中，Ingress Controller将以Pod的形式运行，监控API Server的/ingress接口后端的backend services，如果Service发生变化，则Ingress Controller应自动更新其转发规则。

ingress controller就是一个或一组拥有七层代理能力或调度能力的应用程序的pod。

要安装的Ingress Controller是ingress-nginx-controller。

1、下载ingress-nginx-controller

//下载ingress-nginx-controller-v1.0.4
官网：https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
下载：ingress-nginx-controller-v1.0.4.zip

//解压
ingress-nginx-controller-v1.0.4.zip

//获取ingress-nginx-controller的yaml文件
ingress-nginx-controller-v1.0.4\deploy\static\provider\baremetal\deploy.yaml

修改前的deploy.yaml文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx

---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
automountServiceAccountToken: true
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
  allow-snippet-annotations: 'true'
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
  name: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
  name: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      - ingress-controller-leader
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service-webhook.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: https-webhook
      port: 443
      targetPort: webhook
      appProtocol: https
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: http
      appProtocol: http
    - name: https
      port: 443
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: https
      appProtocol: https
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  minReadySeconds: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    spec:
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      containers:
        - name: controller
          image: k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.0.4@sha256:545cff00370f28363dad31e3b59a94ba377854d3a11f18988f5f9e56841ef9ef
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --election-id=ingress-controller-leader
            - --controller-class=k8s.io/ingress-nginx
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
            - --validating-webhook=:8443
            - --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
            - --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
          securityContext:
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            runAsUser: 101
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            - name: LD_PRELOAD
              value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 5
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
            - name: webhook
              containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          volumeMounts:
            - name: webhook-cert
              mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
              readOnly: true
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 90Mi
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      volumes:
        - name: webhook-cert
          secret:
            secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-ingressclass.yaml
# We don't support namespaced ingressClass yet
# So a ClusterRole and a ClusterRoleBinding is required
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: IngressClass
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  controller: k8s.io/ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/validating-webhook.yaml
# before changing this value, check the required kubernetes version
# https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#prerequisites
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:
  - name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
    matchPolicy: Equivalent
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - networking.k8s.io
        apiVersions:
          - v1
        operations:
          - CREATE
          - UPDATE
        resources:
          - ingresses
    failurePolicy: Fail
    sideEffects: None
    admissionReviewVersions:
      - v1
    clientConfig:
      service:
        namespace: ingress-nginx
        name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
        path: /networking/v1/ingresses
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - admissionregistration.k8s.io
    resources:
      - validatingwebhookconfigurations
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx-admission
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - create
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx-admission
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-createSecret.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
      labels:
        helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: create
          image: k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.1.1@sha256:64d8c73dca984af206adf9d6d7e46aa550362b1d7a01f3a0a91b20cc67868660
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          args:
            - create
            - --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc
            - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
            - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
          env:
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-patchWebhook.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
      labels:
        helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: patch
          image: k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.1.1@sha256:64d8c73dca984af206adf9d6d7e46aa550362b1d7a01f3a0a91b20cc67868660
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          args:
            - patch
            - --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
            - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
            - --patch-mutating=false
            - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
            - --patch-failure-policy=Fail
          env:
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000

View Code

修改后的deploy.yaml文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx

---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
automountServiceAccountToken: true
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
  allow-snippet-annotations: 'true'
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
  name: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
  name: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      - ingress-controller-leader
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service-webhook.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: https-webhook
      port: 443
      targetPort: webhook
      appProtocol: https
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      nodePort: 32080
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: http
      appProtocol: http
    - name: https
      port: 443
      nodePort: 32443
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: https
      appProtocol: https
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  minReadySeconds: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    spec:
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      containers:
        - name: controller
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:v1.0.4
          imagePullPolicy: Never
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --election-id=ingress-controller-leader
            - --controller-class=k8s.io/ingress-nginx
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
            - --validating-webhook=:8443
            - --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
            - --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
          securityContext:
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            runAsUser: 101
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            - name: LD_PRELOAD
              value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so
            - name: TZ
              value: Asia/Shanghai
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 5
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
            - name: webhook
              containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          volumeMounts:
            - name: webhook-cert
              mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
              readOnly: true
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 90Mi
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      volumes:
        - name: webhook-cert
          secret:
            secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-ingressclass.yaml
# We don't support namespaced ingressClass yet
# So a ClusterRole and a ClusterRoleBinding is required
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: IngressClass
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  controller: k8s.io/ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/validating-webhook.yaml
# before changing this value, check the required kubernetes version
# https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#prerequisites
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:
  - name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
    matchPolicy: Equivalent
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - networking.k8s.io
        apiVersions:
          - v1
        operations:
          - CREATE
          - UPDATE
        resources:
          - ingresses
    failurePolicy: Fail
    sideEffects: None
    admissionReviewVersions:
      - v1
    clientConfig:
      service:
        namespace: ingress-nginx
        name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
        path: /networking/v1/ingresses
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - admissionregistration.k8s.io
    resources:
      - validatingwebhookconfigurations
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx-admission
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - create
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx-admission
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-createSecret.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
      labels:
        helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: create
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.1.1
          imagePullPolicy: Never
          args:
            - create
            - --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc
            - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
            - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
          env:
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-patchWebhook.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
      labels:
        helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-4.0.6
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.4
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: patch
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.1.1
          imagePullPolicy: Never
          args:
            - patch
            - --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
            - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
            - --patch-mutating=false
            - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
            - --patch-failure-policy=Fail
          env:
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000

View Code

2、安装ingress-nginx-controller

//将deploy.yaml改名为ingress-nginx-controller-v1.0.4.yaml

//安装ingress-nginx-controller
]# kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx-controller-v1.0.4.yaml

//查看ingress-nginx相关的pod
]# kubectl get pods -o wide -A
NAMESPACE       NAME                                        READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
ingress-nginx   ingress-nginx-admission-create-299sr        0/1     Completed   0          33m   10.10.36.70     k8s-node1     <none>           <none>
ingress-nginx   ingress-nginx-admission-patch-nsdmp         0/1     Completed   0          33m   10.10.169.133   k8s-node2     <none>           <none>
ingress-nginx   ingress-nginx-controller-8484d5d9f-gkjzt    1/1     Running     0          33m   10.10.169.134   k8s-node2     <none>           <none>

//查看ingress-nginx相关的service
]# kubectl get svc -o wide -A
NAMESPACE       NAME                                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE   SELECTOR
ingress-nginx   ingress-nginx-controller             NodePort    10.20.234.166   <none>        80:32080/TCP,443:32443/TCP   35m   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
ingress-nginx   ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP   10.20.227.2     <none>        443/TCP                      35m   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx

3、访问ingress-nginx-controller

四个请求的返回值是一样的，都是404，因为还没有后端服务。

//通过serviceIP访问
]# curl http://10.20.234.166:80
]# curl -k https://10.20.234.166:443

//通过nodeIP访问
]# curl http://10.1.1.11:32080
]# curl -k https://10.1.1.11:32443
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx</center>
</body>
</html>

5.3、定义Ingress策略

由于Ingress Controller容器通过hostPort将服务端口号32080和32443映射到了所有Node上，所以客户端可以通过任意Node访问Service后端Pod提供的服务。
ingress的一些注解（annotations）
- https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/

//指定使用的ingress controller的类别，如果有多个ingress controller的时候很重要
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
//指定rules的path可以使用正则表达式，如果不使用正则表达式，此项则可不使用
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true"
//连接超时时间，默认为5s
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-connect-timeout: "600"
//后端服务器回转数据超时时间，默认为60s
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-send-timeout: "600"
//后端服务器响应超时时间，默认为60s
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-read-timeout: "600"
//客户端上传文件的最大大小，默认为20m
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: "10m"
//关闭强制启用HTTPS
ingress.kubernetes.io/sslredirect=false

5.3.1、转发到单个后端服务上

客户端到Ingress Controller的访问请求都将被转发到后端的唯一Service上，在这种情况下Ingress无须定义任何rule。

示例：

1、创建一个service和其后端pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: ingress-nginx-pod
  ports:
  - port: 11180
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ingress-nginx-pod
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ingress-nginx-pod
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: html
        hostPath:
          path: /apps/html
      containers:
      - name: ingress-nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        command: ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
          name: html

View Code

创建index.html文件

]# echo 'ingress 10.1.1.12' > /apps/html/index.html
]# echo 'ingress 10.1.1.13' > /apps/html/index.html

2、创建ingress规则

在Ingress生效之前，需要先将Service部署完成。
Ingress中path需要与后端真实Service提供的path一致，否则将被转发到一个不存在的path上，引发错误。

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: my-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"    #必须有，否则创建出的ingress可能不正常
spec:
  defaultBackend:
    service:
      name: my-service                      #Service的名称
      port:
        number: 11180                       #Service的端口

创建，并查看ingress
- 在成功创建该Ingress后，查看其ADDRESS列，如果显示了所有nginx-ingress-controller Pod的IP地址，则表示controller已经设置好后端Service的Endpoint，该Ingress可以正常工作了。如果ADDRESS列为空，则通常说明controller未能正确连接到后端Service，需要排错。

]# kubectl apply -f my-ingress.yaml

]# kubectl get ingress -o wide -A
NAMESPACE   NAME         CLASS    HOSTS   ADDRESS     PORTS   AGE
default     my-ingress   <none>   *       10.1.1.13   80      41s

3、访问服务

被随机转发到后端的pod上

]# curl 10.1.1.13:32080
ingress 10.1.1.13

]# curl -k https://10.1.1.13:32443
ingress 10.1.1.12

5.3.2、同一域名下，不同的URL路径被转发到不同的服务上

常用于一个网站通过不同的路径提供不同的服务的场景，例如/web表示访问Web页面，/api表示访问API接口，对应到后端的两个服务（Service），通过Ingress的设置很容易就能将基于URL路径的转发规则定义出来。

示例：

对“localhost/web/”的访问请求将被转发到“myweb-service”服务上；对“localhost/api/”的访问请求将被转发到“myapi-service”服务上。

1、创建第一个service和其后端pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myweb-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: ingress-nginx-pod1
  ports:
  - port: 11180
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-deployment1
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ingress-nginx-pod1
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ingress-nginx-pod1
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: html
        hostPath:
          path: /apps/htmlweb
      containers:
      - name: ingress-nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        command: ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
          name: html

View Code

创建index.html文件

]# echo 'web 10.1.1.12' > /apps/htmlweb/web/index.html
]# echo 'web 10.1.1.13' > /apps/htmlweb/web/index.html

2、创建第二个service和其后端pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapi-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: ingress-nginx-pod2
  ports:
  - port: 11180
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-deployment2
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ingress-nginx-pod2
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ingress-nginx-pod2
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: html
        hostPath:
          path: /apps/htmlapi
      containers:
      - name: ingress-nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        command: ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
          name: html

View Code

创建index.html文件

]# echo 'api 10.1.1.12' > /apps/htmlapi/api/index.html
]# echo 'api 10.1.1.13' > /apps/htmlapi/api/index.html

3、创建ingress规则

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: my-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"    #必须有，否则创建出的ingress可能不正常
spec:
  rules:
  - host: localhost
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /web    #!
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: myweb-service
            port: 
              number: 11180
      - path: /api    #!
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: myapi-service
            port: 
              number: 11180

创建，并查看ingress

]# kubectl apply -f my-ingress.yaml

]# kubectl get ingress -o wide -A
NAMESPACE   NAME         CLASS    HOSTS       ADDRESS     PORTS   AGE
default     my-ingress   <none>   localhost   10.1.1.13   80      42s

4、访问服务

客户端只能通过域名访问，这时要求客户端或者DNS将域名解析到后端多个Node的真实IP地址上。
通过curl访问服务（可以用--resolve参数模拟DNS解析，目标地址为域名；也可以用-H 'Host:域名'参数设置在HTTP头中要访问的域名，目标地址为IP地址）

]# curl -H "Host:localhost" 10.1.1.11:32080/api/
api 10.1.1.13

]# curl -H "Host:localhost" 10.1.1.11:32080/web/
web 10.1.1.13

5.3.3、不同的域名（虚拟主机名）被转发到不同的服务上

常用于一个网站通过不同的域名或虚拟主机名提供不同服务的场景，例如foo.com域名由foo-service提供服务，bar.com域名由bar-service提供服务。

示例：

对“foo.com”的访问请求将被转发到“foo.service:80”服务上，对“bar.com”的访问请求将被转发到“bar-service:80”服务上。

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: my-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"    #必须有，否则创建出的ingress可能不正常
spec:
  rules:
  - host: foo.com    #!
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          service:
            name: foo-service
            port: 
              number: 80
  - host: bar.com    #!
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          service:
            name: bar-service
            port: 
              number: 80

5.3.4、不使用域名的转发规则

用于一个网站不使用域名直接提供服务的场景，此时通过任意一台运行ingress-controller的Node都能访问到后端的服务。

注意，使用无域名的Ingress转发规则时，将默认禁用非安全HTTP，强制启用HTTPS。例如，当使用Nginx作为Ingress Controller时，在其配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf中将会自动设置下面的规则，将全部HTTP的访问请求直接返回301错误。

可以在Ingress的定义中设置一个annotation“ingress.kubernetes.io/sslredirect=false”来关闭强制启用HTTPS的设置

示例：

下面的配置将“<ingresscontroller-ip>/demo”的请求转发到“my-service:8080/demo”服务上

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: my-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"    #必须有，否则创建出的ingress可能不正常
spec:
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - path: /demo
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: my-service
            port: 
              number: 8080

5.4、Ingress的TLS安全设置

为了Ingress提供HTTPS的安全访问，可以为Ingress中的域名进行TLS安全证书的设置。

如果Ingress启用了TLS，则控制器会将客户端的HTTP请求永久重定向到HTTPS的443端口。
- Ingress开启TLS前：
  - http > http，https > https
- Ingress开启TLS后：
  - http>https，https>https

设置Ingress的TLS步骤如下：
- (1)生成ingress SSL的密钥和证书文件。
- (2)将证书保存到Kubernetes中的一个Secret资源对象上。
- (3)将该Secret对象设置到Ingress中。

前两步创建SSL证书和Secret对象有两种不同的方式：
- 提供服务的网站域名只有一个
- 提供服务的网站域名有多个
第3步对于这两种场景来说是相同的。

5.4.1、创建SSL证书和Secret对象

1、网站只有一个域名

1、通过OpenSSL工具直接生成ingress SSL的密钥和证书，将命令行参数-subj中的/CN设置为网站域名。

]# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 3650 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/CN=hengha.com"

]# ls -l
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      1099 4月  11 02:26 tls.crt
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      1704 4月  11 02:26 tls.key

2、根据tls.key和tls.crt文件创建secret资源对象，有两种方法。

(1)使用kubectl create secret命令创建

//创建secret
]# kubectl create secret tls hengha-ingress-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt

//查看secret
]# kubectl get secret
NAME                    TYPE                DATA   AGE
hengha-ingress-secret   kubernetes.io/tls   2      26s

//查看secret详情
]# kubectl describe secret hengha-ingress-secret
Name:         hengha-ingress-secret
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Type:  kubernetes.io/tls

Data
====
tls.crt:  1099 bytes
tls.key:  1704 bytes

(2)创建一个yaml文件，将tls.key和tls.crt文件的内容复制进去，使用kubectl create命令进行创建。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: hengha-ingress-secret
type: kubernetes.io/tls
data:
  tls.crt: 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
  tls.key: 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

2、网站有多个域名

如果提供服务的网站有多个域名，则SSL证书需要使用额外的一个x509 v3配置文件辅助完成，在[alt_names]段中完成多个DNS域名的设置。

1、创建openssl.cnf文件

[req]
req_extensions = v3_req
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
[req_distinguished_name]
[v3_req]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.l = hengha.com
DNS.2 = hengha2.com

2、生成自签名CA证书

]# openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048

]# openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -days 36500 -out ca.crt -subj "/CN=hengha.com"

3、基于openssl.cnf和CA证书生成ingress SSL的密钥和证书

]# openssl genrsa -out ingress.key 2048

]# openssl req -new -key ingress.key -out ingress.csr -subj "/CN=hengha.com" -config openssl.cnf

]# openssl x509 -req -in ingress.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out ingress.crt -days 3650 -extensions v3_req -extfile openssl.cnf

4、根据ingress.key和ingress.crt文件创建secret资源对象，有两种方法

(1)通过kubectl create secret tls命令创建secret资源对象
(2)通过YAML配置文件创建secret资源对象。

//创建secret
]# kubectl create secret tls hengha-ingress-secret2 --key ingress.key --cert ingress.crt 

//查看secret
]# kubectl get secret
NAME                     TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
hengha-ingress-secret2   kubernetes.io/tls                     2      4s

//查看secret详情
]# kubectl describe secret hengha-ingress-secret2
Name:         hengha-ingress-secret2
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Type:  kubernetes.io/tls

Data
====
tls.key:  1675 bytes
tls.crt:  1074 bytes

5.4.2、将Secret对象设置到Ingress中

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: tls-my-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"    #必须有，否则创建出的ingress可能不正常
spec:
  tls:    #!
  - hosts:
    - hengha.com
    secretName: hengha-ingress-secret
  rules:
  - host: hengha.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: tls-my-service
            port:
              number: 8080

5.4.3、实现Ingress的TLS

示例：

(1)使用ConfigMap修改nginx Pod的配置文件，将域名修改为“hengha.com”。
(2)创建ingress使用的Service和Pod
(2)先测试不配置TLS的Ingress
(3)再测试配置TLS的Ingress

1、生成nginx的ConfigMap文件（tls-cm-nginx80.conf）

tls-cm-nginx80.conf文件

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  hengha.com;

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}

View Code

创建，并查看ConfigMap

//创建ConfigMap
]# kubectl create configmap tls-cm-nginx80 --from-file=tls-cm-nginx80.conf

//查看ConfigMap
]# kubectl get cm
NAME               DATA   AGE
tls-cm-nginx80     1      10s

//查看ConfigMap详情
]# kubectl describe cm tls-cm-nginx80

2、创建ingress使用的Service和Pod

tls-my-service.yaml文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: tls-my-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: tls-nginx-pod
  ports:
  - port: 8080
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: tls-nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: tls-nginx-pod
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tls-nginx-pod
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: html
        hostPath:
          path: /apps/html
      - name: cm-nginx                    #定义volume的名称
        configMap:
          name: tls-cm-nginx80            #使用“tls-cm-nginx80” ConfigMap
          items:
          - key: tls-cm-nginx80.conf      #key=tls-cm-nginx80.conf
            path: default.conf            #value将以default.conf文件名进行挂载
      containers:
      - name: tls-nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        command: ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
          name: html
        - name: cm-nginx                    #引用volume的名称
          mountPath : /etc/nginx/conf.d/    #挂载到容器内的目录

View Code

创建，并查看Service和Pod

//创建Service和Pod
]# kubectl apply -f tls-my-service.yaml

//查看Pod
]# kubectl get pod -o wide -A
NAMESPACE       NAME                                       READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE    IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
default         tls-nginx-deployment-7f755d8f57-bkzt9      1/1     Running     0          6s     10.10.36.69     k8s-node1     <none>           <none>
default         tls-nginx-deployment-7f755d8f57-gkjzt      1/1     Running     0          5s     10.10.169.134   k8s-node2     <none>           <none>

//查看Service
]# kubectl get svc -o wide -A
NAMESPACE       NAME                                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE    SELECTOR
default         tls-my-service                       ClusterIP   10.20.227.2     <none>        8080/TCP                     62s    app=tls-nginx-pod

创建index.html文件

]# echo 'tls 10.1.1.12' > /apps/html/index.html
]# echo 'tls 10.1.1.13' > /apps/html/index.html

3、创建不含有TLS的Ingress

创建ingress文件（tls-my-ingress.yaml ）

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: tls-my-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"    #必须有，否则创建出的ingress可能不正常
spec:
  rules:
  - host: hengha.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: tls-my-service
            port:
              number: 8080

创建，并查看Ingress

//创建Ingress
]# kubectl apply -f tls-my-ingress.yaml

//查看Ingress
]# kubectl get ingress -o wide -A
NAMESPACE   NAME             CLASS    HOSTS        ADDRESS     PORTS   AGE
default     tls-my-ingress   <none>   hengha.com   10.1.1.13   80      19s

访问后端nginx Pod
- 可以成功返回正确的值。

]# curl -H "HOST:hengha.com" http://10.1.1.13:32080
tls 10.1.1.12
]# curl -H "HOST:hengha.com" https://10.1.1.13:32443 -k
tls 10.1.1.13

删除Ingress

]# kubectl delete -f tls-my-ingress.yaml

4、创建含有TLS的Ingress

创建SSL证书和Secret对象

//直接生成ingress SSL的密钥和证书
]# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 3650 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/CN=hengha.com"

//创建secret资源对象
]# kubectl create secret tls hengha-ingress-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt

创建ingress文件（tls-my-ingress2.yaml ）

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: tls-my-ingress2
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"    #必须有，否则创建出的ingress可能不正常
spec:
  tls:    #!
  - hosts:
    - hengha.com
    secretName: hengha-ingress-secret
  rules:
  - host: hengha.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: tls-my-service
            port:
              number: 8080

创建，并查看Ingress

//创建Ingress
]# kubectl apply -f tls-my-ingress2.yaml

//查看Ingress
]# kubectl get ingress -o wide -A
NAMESPACE   NAME              CLASS    HOSTS        ADDRESS   PORTS     AGE
default     tls-my-ingress2   <none>   hengha.com             80, 443   16s

访问后端nginx Pod
- 可以看到https的请求可以正常返回，而http的请求被永久重定向了。

]# curl -H "HOST:hengha.com" http://10.1.1.13:32080
<html>
<head><title>308 Permanent Redirect</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>308 Permanent Redirect</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx</center>
</body>
</html>

]# curl -H "HOST:hengha.com" https://10.1.1.13:32443 -k
tls 10.1.1.12

#                                                                                                                        #

posted @ 2022-04-04 21:11 麦恒阅读(151) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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麦恒

Kubernetes08-深入掌握Service

1、Service定义详解

2、Service的基本用法

2.1、Service类型之ClusterIP

2.2、Service类型之NodePort

2.3、多端口Service

2.4、外部服务Service

2.5、无头服务（Headless Service）

3、从集群外部访问Pod或Service

3.1、将容器的端口映射到物理机

3.1.1、设置容器级别的hostPort

3.1.2、设置Pod级别的hostNetwork

3.2、将Service的端口号映射到物理机

3.2.1、设置Service的类型为NodePort

3.2.2、设置Service的类型为LoadBalancer

4、DNS服务搭建和配置指南

4.1、安装CoreDNS

4.2、Pod级别的DNS配置说明

5、Ingress：HTTP 7层路由机制

5.1、Ingress介绍

5.1.1、Ingress是什么？

5.1.2、Ingress环境准备

5.1.3、Ingress规则

5.1.4、默认后端

5.2、安装Ingress Controller

1、下载ingress-nginx-controller

2、安装ingress-nginx-controller

3、访问ingress-nginx-controller

5.3、定义Ingress策略

5.3.1、转发到单个后端服务上

5.3.2、同一域名下，不同的URL路径被转发到不同的服务上

5.3.3、不同的域名（虚拟主机名）被转发到不同的服务上

5.3.4、不使用域名的转发规则

5.4、Ingress的TLS安全设置

5.4.1、创建SSL证书和Secret对象

1、网站只有一个域名

2、网站有多个域名

5.4.2、将Secret对象设置到Ingress中

5.4.3、实现Ingress的TLS

公告