SpringCloudAlibaba - 整合 Gateway 实现对微服务的反向代理
前言
Spring Cloud Gateway
是SpringCloud
生态的第二代网关(第一代是Zuul
),基于Netty
、Reactor
以及WebFlux
构建
环境
Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9 + Spring Cloud Alibaba 2.2.6.RELEASE
为什么要使用网关
- 简化登录认证,网关统一认证再转发到其它微服务
- 网关方式对外暴露的永远是一个域名,客户端配置简单
Gateway的优点
- 性能强劲,是第一代网关Zuul 1.x的1.6倍
- 内置了很多实用功能,如转发、监控、限流等
- 易扩展
Gateway 核心概念
名称 | 解释 | 作用 |
---|---|---|
Route | 路由 | 一个转发规则,包含ID、目标URL、Predicate集合一级Filter集合 |
Predicate | 谓词,也称断言 | 控制请求是否走转发规则的条件 |
Filter | 过滤器 | 修改请求以及响应,可以为路由添加业务逻辑 |
Gateway 整合实例
网关 core-gateway
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.coisini</groupId>
<artifactId>core-gateway</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>core-gateway</name>
<description>Gateway project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- gateway -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- nacos client -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- 整合spring cloud -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 整合spring cloud alibaba -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
spring:
application:
name: core-gateway
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
# 让gateway通过服务发现组件找到其它的服务
enabled: true
server:
port: 8040
# Actuator
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"
endpoint:
health:
show-details: always
用户中心 user-center
TestController.java
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/test/{name}")
public String test(@PathVariable String name) {
log.info("请求...");
return "hello " + name;
}
}
测试
- 启动网关,访问
Nacos
控制台
- 测试接口访问
Gateway的转发规律:访问${GATEWAY_URL}/{微服务X}/xx 会转发到微服务X 的 /xx 路径