JS --- reduce()函数
定义:
reduce() 方法接收一个函数作为累加器,数组中的每个值(从左到右)开始缩减,最终计算为一个值。对空数组是不会执行回调函数的。
案例
- 计算数组总和
var num = [1,2,3,4,5]; var res = num.reduce(function(total,num){ return total+num; //return total + Math.round(num);//对数组元素四舍五入并计算总和 },0); console.log(res);//15 //num.reduce((total,num) => total += num, 0); //没有初始值initialValue(即上面例子中的0),当数组为0时会抛出异常提示reduce函数没有初始值,所以为兼容性一般加上initialValue
- 合并二维数组
var red = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]].reduce(function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []); console.log(red) VM291:4 (6) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- 统计一个数组中有多少个不重复的单词:
不用reduce时: var arr = ["apple","orange","apple","orange","pear","orange"]; function getWordCnt(){ var obj = {}; for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){ var item = arr[i]; obj[item] = (obj[item] +1 ) || 1; } return obj; } console.log(getWordCnt()); VM3704:14 {apple: 2, orange: 3, pear: 1} 用reduce时: var arr = ["apple","orange","apple","orange","pear","orange"]; function getWordCnt(){ return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){ prev[next] = (prev[next] + 1) || 1; return prev; },{}); } console.log(getWordCnt()); VM3704:14 {apple: 2, orange: 3, pear: 1}
- 对reduce的理解:
reduce(callback,initiaValue)会传入两个变量,回调函数(callback)和初始值(initiaValue)。
假设函数有4个传入参数,prev和next,index和array。 Prev和next是你必须要了解的。
当没有传入初始值时,prev是从数组中第一个元素开始的,next数组是第二个元素。
但是当传入初始值(initiaValue)后,第一个prev将是initivalValue,next将是数组中的第一个元素。
比如:
var arr = ["apple","orange"]; function noPassValue(){ return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){ console.log("prev:",prev); console.log("next:",next); return prev; }); } function passValue(){ return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){ console.log("prev:",prev); console.log("next:",next); prev[next] = 1; return prev; },{}); } console.log("No Additional parameter:",noPassValue()); console.log("----------------"); console.log("With {} as an additional parameter:",passValue());
VM415673:4 prev: apple
VM415673:5 next: orange
VM415673:4 prev: apple
VM415673:5 next: orange
VM415673:19 No Additional parameter: apple
VM415673:20 ----------------
VM415673:13 prev: {}
VM415673:14 next: apple
VM415673:13 prev: {apple: 1}
VM415673:14 next: orange
VM415673:21 With {} as an additional parameter: {apple: 1, orange: 1}