危险的Alter User权限

Alter user 是Oracle数据库系统中十分powerful的权限，可以修改一般用户的属性例如默认表空间、profile等，甚至于可以修改SYS用户的密码。所以该权限是十分危险的， 在赋权时要十分小心。 针对现有用户已经拥有ALTER USER权限的，又不能revoke回来的，可以考虑使用如下触发器的方法，禁止任何拥有Alter user权限的用户修改SYSDBA的密码：    

SQL> grant alter user to alteruser;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> select * from DBA_SYS_PRIVS where grantee like 'ALTER%USER%';

GRANTEE              PRIVILEGE                 ADMIN_
-------------------- ------------------------- ------
ALTERUSER            UNLIMITED TABLESPACE      NO
ALTERUSER            ALTER USER                NO

SQL> conn  / as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> CREATE or REPLACE TRIGGER prohibit_alter_SYSTEM_SYS_pass 
          BEFORE ALTER on ALTERUSER.schema
          BEGIN
               IF ora_sysevent='ALTER' and ora_dict_obj_type = 'USER' and
                  (ora_dict_obj_name = 'SYSTEM' or ora_dict_obj_name = 'SYS')
               THEN
                  RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20003,
                             'You are not allowed to alter SYSTEM/SYS user.');
               END IF;
          END;
          /

Trigger created.

    使用范例：    

SQL> conn alteruser/oracle
Connected.
SQL> alter user system identified by manager;
alter user system identified by manager
                                *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-20003: You are not allowed to alter SYSTEM/SYS user.
ORA-06512: at line 5

SQL>  alter user sys identified by manager;
 alter user sys identified by manager
                              *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-20003: You are not allowed to alter SYSTEM/SYS user.
ORA-06512: at line 5

SQL>
SQL>  alter user dbsnmp identified by dbsnmp;

User altered.