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python的requests模块详解

 

 原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/lanyinhao/p/9634742.html

 

1、模块说明

requests是使用Apache2 licensed 许可证的HTTP库。

用python编写。

比urllib2模块更简洁。

Request支持HTTP连接保持和连接池,支持使用cookie保持会话,支持文件上传,支持自动响应内容的编码,支持国际化的URL和POST数据自动编码。

在python内置模块的基础上进行了高度的封装,从而使得python进行网络请求时,变得人性化,使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。

现代,国际化,友好。

requests会自动实现持久连接keep-alive

2、基础入门

1)导入模块

import requests

2)发送请求的简洁

  示例代码:获取一个网页(个人github)

import requests

r = requests.get('https://github.com/Ranxf')       # 最基本的不带参数的get请求
r1 = requests.get(url='http://dict.baidu.com/s', params={'wd': '小马'})      # 带参数的get请求

不带参数:

 

 

 带参数:

 

 

 

 

 

 

我们就可以使用该方式使用以下各种方法

1   requests.get(‘https://github.com/timeline.json’)                                # GET请求
2   requests.post(“http://httpbin.org/post”)                                        # POST请求
3   requests.put(“http://httpbin.org/put”)                                          # PUT请求
4   requests.delete(“http://httpbin.org/delete”)                                    # DELETE请求
5   requests.head(“http://httpbin.org/get”)                                         # HEAD请求
6   requests.options(“http://httpbin.org/get” )                                     # OPTIONS请求

3)为url传递参数,#获取请求的url(包含参数)

>>> url_params = {'key':'value'}       #    字典传递参数,如果值为None的键不会被添加到url中
>>> r = requests.get('your url',params = url_params)
>>> print(r.url)
  your url?key=value

 

 

 

 

4)响应的内容

复制代码
r.encoding                       #获取当前的编码
r.encoding = 'utf-8'             #设置编码
r.text                           #以encoding解析返回内容。字符串方式的响应体,会自动根据响应头部的字符编码进行解码。
r.content                        #以字节形式(二进制)返回。字节方式的响应体,会自动为你解码 gzip 和 deflate 压缩。

r.headers                        #以字典对象存储服务器响应头,但是这个字典比较特殊,字典键不区分大小写,若键不存在则返回None

r.status_code                     #响应状态码
r.raw                             #返回原始响应体,也就是 urllib 的 response 对象,使用 r.raw.read()   
r.ok                              # 查看r.ok的布尔值便可以知道是否登陆成功
 #*特殊方法*#
r.json()                         #Requests中内置的JSON解码器,以json形式返回,前提返回的内容确保是json格式的,不然解析出错会抛异常
r.raise_for_status()             #失败请求(非200响应)抛出异常
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r.txt

 

 

r.content

 

 

 r.header

 

r.status_code

 

 

r.raw

 

 

 

 这是要请求的接口结果,视图函数,以及requests模块请求结果:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 假如返回的不是json格式:

 

 

 r.raise_for_status()

 

 

 

前端中文要正常显示,这里要加参数

 

 

post发送json请求:

1 import requests
2 import json
3  
4 r = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', data=json.dumps({'some': 'data'}))
5 print(r.json())

视图函数:

 

 

 get请求:

 

 

 post请求:

 

 

 

加参数的post请求

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5)定制头和cookie信息

header = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1''}
cookie = {'key':'value'}
 r = requests.get/post('your url',headers=header,cookies=cookie) 
data = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json',
           'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}
 
r = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', data=data, headers=headers)
print(r.text)

 

 

 

 

 添加请求头信息之后:

 

 

 

 

 修改请求内容类型为json,用户使用火狐浏览器访问

 

 

 

 

cookie放在cookies里没成功,把键值对放到请求头成功了。回头研究一下,再

 

 

6)响应状态码

使用requests方法后,会返回一个response对象,其存储了服务器响应的内容,如上实例中已经提到的 r.text、r.status_code……
获取文本方式的响应体实例:当你访问 r.text 之时,会使用其响应的文本编码进行解码,并且你可以修改其编码让 r.text 使用自定义的编码进行解码。

1 r = requests.get('http://www.itwhy.org')
2 print(r.text, '\n{}\n'.format('*'*79), r.encoding)
3 r.encoding = 'GBK'
4 print(r.text, '\n{}\n'.format('*'*79), r.encoding)

示例代码:

复制代码
1 import requests
2 
3 r = requests.get('https://github.com/Ranxf')       # 最基本的不带参数的get请求
4 print(r.status_code)                               # 获取返回状态
5 r1 = requests.get(url='http://dict.baidu.com/s', params={'wd': 'python'})      # 带参数的get请求
6 print(r1.url)
7 print(r1.text)        # 打印解码后的返回数据
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运行结果:

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/rxf/python3_1000/1000/python3_server/python3_requests/demo1.py
200
http://dict.baidu.com/s?wd=python
…………

Process finished with exit code 0
 r.status_code                      #如果不是200,可以使用 r.raise_for_status() 抛出异常

7)响应

r.headers                                  #返回字典类型,头信息
r.requests.headers                         #返回发送到服务器的头信息  #这个不清楚是个啥呢
r.cookies                                  #返回cookie
r.history                                  #返回重定向信息,当然可以在请求是加上allow_redirects = false 阻止重定向

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8)超时

 

r = requests.get('url',timeout=1)           #设置秒数超时,仅对于连接有效

 

 这边设置超时时间1秒,但是响应时间是2秒,所以超时了,报错读取超时

9)会话对象,能够跨请求保持某些参数

s = requests.Session()
s.auth = ('auth','passwd')
s.headers = {'key':'value'}
r = s.get('url')
r1 = s.get('url1') 

10)代理

 

proxies = {'http':'ip1','https':'ip2' }
requests.get('url',proxies=proxies)

 

汇总:

复制代码
# HTTP请求类型
# get类型
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
# post类型
r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")
# put类型
r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")
# delete类型
r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")
# head类型
r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")
# options类型
r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")

# 获取响应内容
print(r.content) #以字节的方式去显示,中文显示为字符
print(r.text) #以文本的方式去显示

#URL传递参数
payload = {'keyword': '香港', 'salecityid': '2'}
r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload) 
print(r.url) #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=香港

#获取/修改网页编码
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print (r.encoding)


#json处理
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print(r.json()) # 需要先import json    

# 定制请求头
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)
print (r.request.headers)

#复杂post请求
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict,需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下

# post多部分编码文件
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

# 响应状态码
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print(r.status_code)
    
# 响应头
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print (r.headers)
print (r.headers['Content-Type'])
print (r.headers.get('content-type')) #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式
    
# Cookies
url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
r = requests.get(url)
r.cookies['example_cookie_name']    #读取cookies
    
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies

#设置超时时间
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)

#设置访问代理
proxies = {
           "http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128",
           "https": "http://10.10.1.100:4444",
          }
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)


#如果代理需要用户名和密码,则需要这样:
proxies = {
    "http": "http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/",
}
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复制代码
# HTTP请求类型
# get类型
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
# post类型
r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")
# put类型
r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")
# delete类型
r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")
# head类型
r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")
# options类型
r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")

# 获取响应内容
print(r.content) #以字节的方式去显示,中文显示为字符
print(r.text) #以文本的方式去显示

#URL传递参数
payload = {'keyword': '香港', 'salecityid': '2'}
r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload) 
print(r.url) #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=香港

#获取/修改网页编码
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print (r.encoding)


#json处理
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print(r.json()) # 需要先import json    

# 定制请求头
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)
print (r.request.headers)

#复杂post请求
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict,需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下

# post多部分编码文件
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

# 响应状态码
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print(r.status_code)
    
# 响应头
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print (r.headers)
print (r.headers['Content-Type'])
print (r.headers.get('content-type')) #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式
    
# Cookies
url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
r = requests.get(url)
r.cookies['example_cookie_name']    #读取cookies
    
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies

#设置超时时间
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)

#设置访问代理
proxies = {
           "http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128",
           "https": "http://10.10.1.100:4444",
          }
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)


#如果代理需要用户名和密码,则需要这样:
proxies = {
    "http": "http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/",
}
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其它:

3、示例代码

GET请求

复制代码
1 # 1、无参数实例
 2   
 3 import requests
 4   
 5 ret = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
 6   
 7 print(ret.url)
 8 print(ret.text)
 9   
10   
11   
12 # 2、有参数实例
13   
14 import requests
15   
16 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
17 ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
18   
19 print(ret.url)
20 print(ret.text)
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POST请求

复制代码
# 1、基本POST实例
  
import requests
  
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
  
print(ret.text)
  
  
# 2、发送请求头和数据实例
  
import requests
import json
  
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
  
ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
  
print(ret.text)
print(ret.cookies)
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请求参数

 请求参数
 参数示例代码

json请求:

复制代码
#! /usr/bin/python3
import requests
import json


class url_request():
    def __init__(self):
        ''' init '''

if __name__ == '__main__':
    heard = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    payload = {'CountryName': '中国',
               'ProvinceName': '四川省',
               'L1CityName': 'chengdu',
               'L2CityName': 'yibing',
               'TownName': '',
               'Longitude': '107.33393',
               'Latitude': '33.157131',
               'Language': 'CN'}
    r = requests.post("http://www.xxxxxx.com/CityLocation/json/LBSLocateCity", heards=heard, data=payload)
    data = r.json()
    if r.status_code!=200:
        print('LBSLocateCity API Error' + str(r.status_code))
    print(data['CityEntities'][0]['CityID'])  # 打印返回json中的某个key的value
    print(data['ResponseStatus']['Ack'])
    print(json.dump(data, indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False))  # 树形打印json,ensure_ascii必须设为False否则中文会显示为unicode
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Xml请求:

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#! /usr/bin/python3
import requests

class url_request():
    def __init__(self):
        """init"""

if __name__ == '__main__':
    heards = {'Content-type': 'text/xml'}
    XML = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soap:Body><Request xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"><jme><JobClassFullName>WeChatJSTicket.JobWS.Job.JobRefreshTicket,WeChatJSTicket.JobWS</JobClassFullName><Action>RUN</Action><Param>1</Param><HostIP>127.0.0.1</HostIP><JobInfo>1</JobInfo><NeedParallel>false</NeedParallel></jme></Request></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>'
    url = 'http://jobws.push.mobile.xxxxxxxx.com/RefreshWeiXInTokenJob/RefreshService.asmx'
    r = requests.post(url=url, heards=heards, data=XML)
    data = r.text
    print(data)
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状态异常处理

复制代码
import requests

URL = 'http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php'  # 淘宝IP地址库API
try:
    r = requests.get(URL, params={'ip': '8.8.8.8'}, timeout=1)
    r.raise_for_status()  # 如果响应状态码不是 200,就主动抛出异常
except requests.RequestException as e:
    print(e)
else:
    result = r.json()
    print(type(result), result, sep='\n')
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上传文件

使用request模块,也可以上传文件,文件的类型会自动进行处理:

复制代码
import requests
 
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/upload'
files = {'file': open('/home/rxf/test.jpg', 'rb')}
#files = {'file': ('report.jpg', open('/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg', 'rb'))}     #显式的设置文件名
 
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.text)
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request更加方便的是,可以把字符串当作文件进行上传:

复制代码
import requests
 
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/upload'
files = {'file': ('test.txt', b'Hello Requests.')}     #必需显式的设置文件名
 
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.text)
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6) 身份验证

基本身份认证(HTTP Basic Auth)

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
 
r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', 'passwd'))
# r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd', auth=('user', 'passwd'))    # 简写
print(r.json())

另一种非常流行的HTTP身份认证形式是摘要式身份认证,Requests对它的支持也是开箱即可用的:

requests.get(URL, auth=HTTPDigestAuth('user', 'pass')

Cookies与会话对象

如果某个响应中包含一些Cookie,你可以快速访问它们:

import requests
 
r = requests.get('http://www.google.com.hk/')
print(r.cookies['NID'])
print(tuple(r.cookies))

要想发送你的cookies到服务器,可以使用 cookies 参数:

复制代码
import requests
 
url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = {'testCookies_1': 'Hello_Python3', 'testCookies_2': 'Hello_Requests'}
# 在Cookie Version 0中规定空格、方括号、圆括号、等于号、逗号、双引号、斜杠、问号、@,冒号,分号等特殊符号都不能作为Cookie的内容。
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
print(r.json())
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会话对象让你能够跨请求保持某些参数,最方便的是在同一个Session实例发出的所有请求之间保持cookies,且这些都是自动处理的,甚是方便。
下面就来一个真正的实例,如下是快盘签到脚本:

复制代码
import requests
 
headers = {'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
           'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, compress',
           'Accept-Language': 'en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
           'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
           'Connection': 'keep-alive',
           'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}
 
s = requests.Session()
s.headers.update(headers)
# s.auth = ('superuser', '123')
s.get('https://www.kuaipan.cn/account_login.htm')
 
_URL = 'http://www.kuaipan.cn/index.php'
s.post(_URL, params={'ac':'account', 'op':'login'},
       data={'username':'****@foxmail.com', 'userpwd':'********', 'isajax':'yes'})
r = s.get(_URL, params={'ac':'zone', 'op':'taskdetail'})
print(r.json())
s.get(_URL, params={'ac':'common', 'op':'usersign'})
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requests模块抓取网页源码并保存到文件示例

这是一个基本的文件保存操作,但这里有几个值得注意的问题:

1.安装requests包,命令行输入pip install requests即可自动安装。很多人推荐使用requests,自带的urllib.request也可以抓取网页源码

2.open方法encoding参数设为utf-8,否则保存的文件会出现乱码。

3.如果直接在cmd中输出抓取的内容,会提示各种编码错误,所以保存到文件查看。

4.with open方法是更好的写法,可以自动操作完毕后释放资源

复制代码
#! /urs/bin/python3
import requests

'''requests模块抓取网页源码并保存到文件示例'''
html = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
with open('test.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(html.text)
    
'''读取一个txt文件,每次读取一行,并保存到另一个txt文件中的示例'''
ff = open('testt.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
with open('test.txt', encoding="utf-8") as f:
    for line in f:
        ff.write(line)
        ff.close()
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因为在命令行中打印每次读取一行的数据,中文会出现编码错误,所以每次读取一行并保存到另一个文件,这样来测试读取是否正常。(注意open的时候制定encoding编码方式)

 

自动登陆"示例:

 抽屉新热榜
复制代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# ############## 方式一 ##############
#
# # 1. 访问登陆页面,获取 authenticity_token
# i1 = requests.get('https://github.com/login')
# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml')
# tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'})
# authenticity_token = tag.get('value')
# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# i1.close()
#
# # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息,发送用户验证
# form_data = {
# "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,
#     "utf8": "",
#     "commit": "Sign in",
#     "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",
#     'password': 'xxoo'
# }
#
# i2 = requests.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data, cookies=c1)
# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
# c1.update(c2)
# i3 = requests.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories', cookies=c1)
#
# soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml')
# list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup')
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
#
# for child in list_group.children:
#     if isinstance(child, Tag):
#         project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1')
#         size_tag = child.find(name='small')
#         temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
#         print(temp)



# ############## 方式二 ##############
# session = requests.Session()
# # 1. 访问登陆页面,获取 authenticity_token
# i1 = session.get('https://github.com/login')
# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml')
# tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'})
# authenticity_token = tag.get('value')
# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# i1.close()
#
# # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息,发送用户验证
# form_data = {
#     "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,
#     "utf8": "",
#     "commit": "Sign in",
#     "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",
#     'password': 'xxoo'
# }
#
# i2 = session.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data)
# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
# c1.update(c2)
# i3 = session.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories')
#
# soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml')
# list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup')
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
#
# for child in list_group.children:
#     if isinstance(child, Tag):
#         project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1')
#         size_tag = child.find(name='small')
#         temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
#         print(temp)
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

session = requests.Session()

i1 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/#signin',
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, 'lxml')
xsrf_tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': '_xsrf'})
xsrf = xsrf_tag.get('value')

current_time = time.time()
i2 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif',
    params={'r': current_time, 'type': 'login'},
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    })

with open('zhihu.gif', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(i2.content)

captcha = input('请打开zhihu.gif文件,查看并输入验证码:')
form_data = {
    "_xsrf": xsrf,
    'password': 'xxooxxoo',
    "captcha": 'captcha',
    'email': '424662508@qq.com'
}
i3 = session.post(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/login/email',
    data=form_data,
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

i4 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile',
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

soup4 = BeautifulSoup(i4.text, 'lxml')
tag = soup4.find(id='rename-section')
nick_name = tag.find('span',class_='name').string
print(nick_name)
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
import json
import base64

import rsa
import requests


def js_encrypt(text):
    b64der = 'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCp0wHYbg/NOPO3nzMD3dndwS0MccuMeXCHgVlGOoYyFwLdS24Im2e7YyhB0wrUsyYf0/nhzCzBK8ZC9eCWqd0aHbdgOQT6CuFQBMjbyGYvlVYU2ZP7kG9Ft6YV6oc9ambuO7nPZh+bvXH0zDKfi02prknrScAKC0XhadTHT3Al0QIDAQAB'
    der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der)

    pk = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der)
    v1 = rsa.encrypt(bytes(text, 'utf8'), pk)
    value = base64.encodebytes(v1).replace(b'\n', b'')
    value = value.decode('utf8')

    return value


session = requests.Session()

i1 = session.get('https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin')
rep = re.compile("'VerificationToken': '(.*)'")
v = re.search(rep, i1.text)
verification_token = v.group(1)

form_data = {
    'input1': js_encrypt('wptawy'),
    'input2': js_encrypt('asdfasdf'),
    'remember': False
}

i2 = session.post(url='https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin',
                  data=json.dumps(form_data),
                  headers={
                      'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
                      'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                      'VerificationToken': verification_token}
                  )

i3 = session.get(url='https://i.cnblogs.com/EditDiary.aspx')

print(i3.text)
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests


# 第一步:访问登陆页,拿到X_Anti_Forge_Token,X_Anti_Forge_Code
# 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html
# 2、请求方法:GET
# 3、请求头:
#    User-agent
r1 = requests.get('https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html',
                 headers={
                     'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
                 },
                 )

X_Anti_Forge_Token = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Token = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0]
X_Anti_Forge_Code = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Code = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0]
print(X_Anti_Forge_Token, X_Anti_Forge_Code)
# print(r1.cookies.get_dict())
# 第二步:登陆
# 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json
# 2、请求方法:POST
# 3、请求头:
#    cookie
#    User-agent
#    Referer:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html
#    X-Anit-Forge-Code:53165984
#    X-Anit-Forge-Token:3b6a2f62-80f0-428b-8efb-ef72fc100d78
#    X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest
# 4、请求体:
# isValidate:true
# username:15131252215
# password:ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d
# request_form_verifyCode:''
# submit:''
r2 = requests.post(
    'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json',
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
        'Referer': 'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html',
        'X-Anit-Forge-Code': X_Anti_Forge_Code,
        'X-Anit-Forge-Token': X_Anti_Forge_Token,
        'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
    },
    data={
        "isValidate": True,
        'username': '15131255089',
        'password': 'ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d',
        'request_form_verifyCode': '',
        'submit': ''
    },
    cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict()
)
print(r2.text)
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参考:

http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html#id4

http://www.python-requests.org/en/master/

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/

https://www.cnblogs.com/tangdongchu/p/4229049.html#t0

http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6283017.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

参考链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/lanyinhao/p/9634742.html

posted @ 2021-12-21 18:48  马昌伟  阅读(1720)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
博主链接地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/machangwei-8/