java短信验证码实现
Java实现开发短信验证码的完整教程
开发人员在开发网站注册、登录时经常需要用到短信验证码功能,下面小编就来详细介绍一下如何集成这个功能。
下面以使用榛子云短信为例:
1. 首先注册一个榛子云账号,注册地址: http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/register.html
2. 注册完毕后从个人登录入口进入,地址:http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/login.html
3. 进入"应用管理",默认会自动创建一个应用,获取AppId和AppSecret,这两个参数是用于开发的。
4. 下载SDK,我用的java开发,所以,下面的例子也以java为例,http://smsow.zhenzikj.com/doc/sdk.html
你可以直接下载jar包导入项目中,也可以使用maven
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zhenzikj</groupId>
<artifactId>zhenzisms</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>
5. 参考开发文档发送短信http://smsow.zhenzikj.com/doc/java_sdk_doc.html
AppId、AppSecret就是我们刚才从应用管理中获取的,apiUrl参数,由于我是个人账号,固定使用https://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com
注: 通过自己注册的都是个人账号,企业账号需要单独联系客服申请
使用很简单,初始化一个ZhenziSmsClient对象,然后调用send()方法发送短信
6. 一个完整的例子
一个完整的java发送短信验证码的完整实例,这是一个官方的使用demo,带有60秒倒计时功能。
效果:
源码
短信验证码实现流程
1、构造手机验证码,生成一个6位的随机数字串;
2、使用接口向短信平台发送手机号和验证码,然后短信平台再把验证码发送到制定手机号上
3、将手机号验证码、操作时间存入Session中,作为后面验证使用;
4、接收用户填写的验证码、手机号及其他注册数据;
5、对比提交的验证码与Session中的验证码是否一致,同时判断提交动作是否在有效期内;
6、验证码正确且在有效期内,请求通过,处理相应的业务。
我是java开发者,后端使用了springMvc,前端用的是jsp + jquery
html
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<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding= "UTF-8" %> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+ "://" +request.getServerName()+ ":" +request.getServerPort()+path; %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv= "Content-Type" content= "text/html; charset=UTF-8" > <title>验证码使用演示</title> <link href= "<%=basePath%>/css/register.css" rel= "stylesheet" > <script src= "<%=basePath%>/js/jquery-2.1.1.min.js" type= "text/javascript" ></script> <script src= "<%=basePath%>/js/register.js" type= "text/javascript" ></script> <script> function getBasePath(){ return '<%=basePath%>' ; } </script> </head> <body> <form> <div class = "row" > <label>账号: </label><input name= "userId" > </div> <div class = "row" > <label>密码:</label><input name= "password" > </div> <div class = "row" > <label>手机号:</label><input name= "mobile" > </div> <div class = "row" > <label>验证码:</label> <input name= "verifyCode" > <button type= "button" class = "sendVerifyCode" >获取短信验证码</button> </div> <div><button type= "button" class = "sub-btn" >提交</button></div> </form> </body> </html> |
js
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$( function (){ //短信验证码倒计时 var countdownHandler = function (){ var $button = $( ".sendVerifyCode" ); var number = 60; var countdown = function (){ if (number == 0) { $button.attr( "disabled" , false ); $button.html( "发送验证码" ); number = 60; return ; } else { $button.attr( "disabled" , true ); $button.html(number + "秒 重新发送" ); number--; } setTimeout(countdown,1000); } setTimeout(countdown,1000); } //发送短信验证码 $( ".sendVerifyCode" ).on( "click" , function (){ var $mobile = $( "input[name=mobile]" ); var data = {}; data.mobile = $.trim($mobile.val()); if (data.mobile == '' ){ alert( '请输入手机号码' ); return ; } var reg = /^1\d{10}$/; if (!reg.test(data.mobile)){ alert( '请输入合法的手机号码' ); return ; } $.ajax({ url: getBasePath()+ "/sendSms" , async : true , type: "post" , dataType: "text" , data: data, success: function (data) { if (data == 'success' ){ countdownHandler(); return ; } alert(data); } }); }) //提交 $( ".sub-btn" ).on( "click" , function (){ var data = {}; data.userId = $.trim($( "input[name=userId]" ).val()); data.password = $.trim($( "input[name=password]" ).val()); data.mobile = $.trim($( "input[name=mobile]" ).val()); data.verifyCode = $.trim($( "input[name=verifyCode]" ).val()); if (data.userId == '' ){ alert( "请输入账号" ); return ; } if (data.password == '' ){ alert( "请输入密码" ); return ; } if (data.mobile == '' ){ alert( "请输入手机号" ); return ; } if (data.verifyCode == '' ){ alert( "请输入验证码" ); return ; } $.ajax({ url: getBasePath()+ "/register" , async : true , type: "post" , dataType: "text" , data: data, success: function (data) { if (data == 'success' ){ alert( "注册成功" ); return ; } alert(data); } }); }) }); |
这里省略了所有非空、手机号格式验证
流程:
1)填写手机号
2)获取手机号码,调用sendSms.html接口向手机发送短信验证码
3)用户手机接收到验证码后,将其填写到"验证码"文本框中
后端代码
发送短信验证码
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package com.zhenzi.sms; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Random; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; /** * 获取验证码 */ public class SendSmsServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; //短信平台相关参数 private String apiUrl = "https://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com" ; private String appId = "000000" ; private String appSecret = "c384b67bdsserev3343cdda4de5c8" ; public SendSmsServlet() { super (); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } /** * 短信平台使用的是榛子云短信(smsow.zhenzikj.com) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { try { String mobile = request.getParameter( "mobile" ); JSONObject json = null ; //生成6位验证码 String verifyCode = String.valueOf( new Random().nextInt( 899999 ) + 100000 ); //发送短信 ZhenziSmsClient client = new ZhenziSmsClient(apiUrl, appId, appSecret); String result = "{code:0}" ; //client.send(mobile, "您的验证码为:" + verifyCode + ",该码有效期为5分钟,该码只能使用一次!"); json = JSONObject.parseObject(result); if (json.getIntValue( "code" ) != 0 ){ //发送短信失败 renderData(response, "fail" ); return ; } //将验证码存到session中,同时存入创建时间 //以json存放,这里使用的是阿里的fastjson HttpSession session = request.getSession(); json = new JSONObject(); json.put( "mobile" , mobile); json.put( "verifyCode" , verifyCode); json.put( "createTime" , System.currentTimeMillis()); // 将认证码存入SESSION request.getSession().setAttribute( "verifyCode" , json); renderData(response, "success" ); return ; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } renderData(response, "fail" ); } protected void renderData(HttpServletResponse response, String data){ try { response.setContentType( "text/plain;charset=UTF-8" ); response.getWriter().write(data); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |
json工具使用的是阿里的fastjson
appId和appSecret换成你自己的,注册之后可获得
注册地址: http://sms_developer.zhenzikj.com/zhenzisms_user/register.html
提交注册
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package com.zhenzi.sms; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; /** * 注册 */ public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public RegisterServlet() { super (); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String userId = request.getParameter( "userId" ); String password = request.getParameter( "password" ); String mobile = request.getParameter( "mobile" ); String verifyCode = request.getParameter( "verifyCode" ); JSONObject json = (JSONObject)request.getSession().getAttribute( "verifyCode" ); if (json == null ){ renderData(response, "验证码错误" ); return ; } if (!json.getString( "mobile" ).equals(mobile)){ renderData(response, "手机号错误" ); return ; } if (!json.getString( "verifyCode" ).equals(verifyCode)){ renderData(response, "验证码错误" ); return ; } if ((System.currentTimeMillis() - json.getLong( "createTime" )) > 1000 * 60 * 5 ){ renderData(response, "验证码已过期" ); return ; } //其他业务代码 renderData(response, "success" ); } protected void renderData(HttpServletResponse response, String data){ try { response.setContentType( "text/plain;charset=UTF-8" ); response.getWriter().write(data); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |