Java在JDK7之后加入了并行计算的框架Fork/Join,可以解决我们系统中大数据计算的性能问题。Fork/Join采用的是分治法,Fork是将一个大任务拆分成若干个子任务,子任务分别去计算,而Join是获取到子任务的计算结果,然后合并,这个是递归的过程。子任务被分配到不同的核上执行时,效率最高。伪代码如下:
Result solve(Problem problem) {
if (problem is small)
directly solve problem
else {
split problem into independent parts
fork new subtasks to solve each part
join all subtasks
compose result from subresults
}
}
Fork/Join框架的核心类是ForkJoinPool,它能够接收一个ForkJoinTask,并得到计算结果。ForkJoinTask有两个子类,RecursiveTask(有返回值)和RecursiveAction(无返回结果),我们自己定义任务时,只需选择这两个类继承即可。
下面来看一个实例:计算一个超大数组所有元素的和。代码如下:
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;
/**
* @author: shuang.gao Date: 2015/7/14 Time: 8:16
*/public class SumTask extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6196480027075657316L;
private static final int THRESHOLD = 500000;
private long[] array;
private int low;
private int high;
public SumTask(long[] array, int low, int high) {
this.array = array;
this.low = low;
this.high = high;
}
@Override
protected Integer compute() {
int sum = 0;
if (high - low <= THRESHOLD) {
// 小于阈值则直接计算
for (int i = low; i < high; i++) {
sum += array[i];
}
} else {
// 1. 一个大任务分割成两个子任务
int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
SumTask left = new SumTask(array, low, mid);
SumTask right = new SumTask(array, mid + 1, high);
// 2. 分别计算
left.fork();
right.fork();
// 3. 合并结果
sum = left.join() + right.join();
}
return sum;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
long[] array = genArray(1000000);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
// 1. 创建任务
SumTask sumTask = new SumTask(array, 0, array.length - 1);
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 2. 创建线程池
ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();
// 3. 提交任务到线程池
forkJoinPool.submit(sumTask);
// 4. 获取结果
Integer result = sumTask.get();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(String.format("结果 %s 耗时 %sms", result, end - begin));
}
private static long[] genArray(int size) {
long[] array = new long[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
array[i] = new Random().nextLong();
}
return array;
}
}