List删除操作
在Java中对列表进行删除操作时,如果使用不当的话,会产生java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
异常。
@Test
public void remove2() {
// java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
list.add(3);
list.add(4);
list.add(5);
for (Integer number : list) {
if (number % 2 == 0) {
list.remove(number);
}
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
}
运行上边的测试代码,产生如下异常
java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:909)
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:859)
at com.st.learning.algorithm.ListRemoveTest.remove2(ListRemoveTest.java:51)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
查看生成的字节码可以看到,
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
list.add(3);
list.add(4);
list.add(5);
Iterator var2 = list.iterator();
while(var2.hasNext()) {
Integer number = (Integer)var2.next();
if (number % 2 == 0) {
list.remove(number);
}
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
foreach循环在这里使用的是Iterator实现,使用了hasNext()和next()方法。
在ArrayList中,next()方法实现如下:
上方标红处即为代码报错处,实现如下:
上图中对比了modCount和expectedModCount两个字段的值,不一致时,发生了异常。
在刚开始时,代码中的modCount和expectedModCount均为5,在执行到下方代码时,modCount发生了变化,编程了6,
list.remove(number);
这也就是问题产生的原因
列表的删除方法
- iterator的remove()方法
@Test
public void remove3() {
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
list.add(3);
list.add(4);
list.add(5);
Iterator<Integer> iterator = list.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
if (iterator.next() % 2 == 0) {
iterator.remove();
}
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(list.toArray()));
}
使用iterator删除时,会将modCount的值赋值给expectedModCount,所有不会发生以上问题