Django组件 中间件

中间件的概念

中间件是介于request与response处理之间的一道处理过程,相对比较轻量级,并且在全局上改变django的输入与输出。因为改变的是全局,所以需要谨慎使用,用不好会影响到性能。

如果你想修改请求,例如被传送到view中的HttpRequest对象。或者你想修改view返回的HttpResponse对象,这些都可以通过中间件来实现。

可能你还想在view执行之前做一些操作,这种情况就可以用middleware来实现。

自定义中间件

---process_request,process_response:

当用户发请求的时候会依次经过所有的中间件,这个时候的请求process_request,最后到达views的函数中,views函数处理后,在一次穿过中间件,这个时候是process_response,最后返回给请求者

上述截图中的中间件都是django中的,我们也可以自己定义一个中间件,我们可以自己写一个类,但是必须继承MiddlewareMixin

需要导入:

1 from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

 

in views:

1 def index(request):
2 
3     print("view函数...")
4     return HttpResponse("OK")

in Mymiddlewares.py:

 1 from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
 2 from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
 3 
 4 class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
 5 
 6     def process_request(self,request):
 7         print("Md1请求")
 8  
 9     def process_response(self,request,response):
10         print("Md1返回")
11         return response
12 
13 class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
14 
15     def process_request(self,request):
16         print("Md2请求")
17         #return HttpResponse("Md2中断")
18     def process_response(self,request,response):
19         print("Md2返回")
20         return response

结果:

1 Md1请求
2 Md2请求
3 view函数...
4 Md2返回
5 Md1返回

流程图:

---process_view:

 

1 process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)

 

Mymiddlewares.py:

 1 from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
 2 from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
 3 
 4 class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
 5 
 6     def process_request(self,request):
 7         print("Md1请求")
 8         #return HttpResponse("Md1中断")
 9     def process_response(self,request,response):
10         print("Md1返回")
11         return response
12 
13     def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
14         print("Md1view")
15 
16 class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
17 
18     def process_request(self,request):
19         print("Md2请求")
20         return HttpResponse("Md2中断")
21     def process_response(self,request,response):
22         print("Md2返回")
23         return response
24 
25     def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
26         print("Md2view")

结果:

1 Md1请求
2 Md2请求
3 Md1view
4 Md2view
5 view函数...
6 Md2返回
7 Md1返回

process_view如果有返回值,会越过其他的process_view以及视图函数,但是所有的process_response都还会执行.

---process_exception:

1 process_exception(self, request, exception)

Mymiddlewares.py:

 1 class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
 2 
 3     def process_request(self,request):
 4         print("Md1请求")
 5         #return HttpResponse("Md1中断")
 6     def process_response(self,request,response):
 7         print("Md1返回")
 8         return response
 9 
10     def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
11 
12         # return HttpResponse("hello")
13 
14         # response=callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs)
15         # return response
16         print("md1 process_view...")
17 
18     def process_exception(self):
19         print("md1 process_exception...")
20 
21 
22 
23 class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
24 
25     def process_request(self,request):
26         print("Md2请求")
27         # return HttpResponse("Md2中断")
28     def process_response(self,request,response):
29         print("Md2返回")
30         return response
31     def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
32         print("md2 process_view...")
33 
34     def process_exception(self):
35         print("md1 process_exception...")

结果:

1 Md1请求
2 Md2请求
3 md1 process_view...
4 md2 process_view...
5 view函数...
6 
7 Md2返回
8 Md1返回

流程图:

当views出现错误时:

 

posted @ 2018-11-01 19:14  阵浊秀  阅读(137)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报