实验五
任务一
源代码(1):
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5
void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax);
int main() {
int a[N];
int min, max;
printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N);
input(a, N);
printf("数据是: \n");
output(a, N);
printf("数据处理...\n");
find_min_max(a, N, &min, &max);
printf("输出结果:\n");
printf("min = %d, max = %d\n", min, max);
return 0;
}
void input(int x[], int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
scanf("%d", &x[i]);
}
void output(int x[], int n) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
printf("%d ", x[i]);
printf("\n");
}
void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax) {
int i;
*pmin = *pmax = x[0];
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
if(x[i] < *pmin)
*pmin = x[i];
else if(x[i] > *pmax)
*pmax = x[i];
}
运行结果(1):
问题1:求出数组中最大值和最小值的地址
问题2:指向数组x[]的首地址
源代码(2):
#include <stdio.h> #define N 5 void input(int x[], int n); void output(int x[], int n); int *find_max(int x[], int n); int main() { int a[N]; int *pmax; printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); input(a, N); printf("数据是: \n"); output(a, N); printf("数据处理...\n"); pmax = find_max(a, N); printf("输出结果:\n"); printf("max = %d\n", *pmax); return 0; } void input(int x[], int n) { int i; for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) scanf("%d", &x[i]); } void output(int x[], int n) { int i; for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) printf("%d ", x[i]); printf("\n"); } int *find_max(int x[], int n) { int max_index = 0; int i; for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) if(x[i] > x[max_index]) max_index = i; return &x[max_index]; }
运行结果(2)
问题1 求出数组的最大值
问题2 可以
任务二
源代码(1):
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define N 80 int main() { char s1[N] = "Learning makes me happy"; char s2[N] = "Learning makes me sleepy"; char tmp[N]; printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); printf("s1: %s\n", s1); printf("s2: %s\n", s2); printf("\nswapping...\n"); strcpy(tmp, s1); strcpy(s1, s2); strcpy(s2, tmp); printf("\nafter swap: \n"); printf("s1: %s\n", s1); printf("s2: %s\n", s2); return 0; }
运行结果(1):
问题1 23;s1[]占用字节数;s1[]字符个数
问题2 不能,不可以直接给数组赋值
问题3 交换
源代码(2)
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define N 80 int main() { char *s1 = "Learning makes me happy"; char *s2 = "Learning makes me sleepy"; char *tmp; printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); printf("s1: %s\n", s1); printf("s2: %s\n", s2); printf("\nswapping...\n"); tmp = s1; s1 = s2; s2 = tmp; printf("\nafter swap: \n"); printf("s1: %s\n", s1); printf("s2: %s\n", s2); return 0; }
运行结果(2)
问题1 指针s1存放字符串常量“Learning makes me happy"的首地址
指针变量s1在内存中所占字节数
字符串长度
问题2 可以
第一个line6是定义一个数组存储语句,第二个line6是定义一个指针指向语句的地址
问题3 没有交换
任务三
源代码:
#include <stdio.h> int main() { int x[2][4] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 9}}; int i, j; int *ptr1; int(*ptr2)[4]; printf("输出1: 使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n"); for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) { for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) printf("%d ", x[i][j]); printf("\n"); } printf("\n输出2: 使用指针变量ptr1(指向元素)间接访问\n"); for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) { printf("%d ", *ptr1); if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) printf("\n"); } printf("\n输出3: 使用指针变量ptr2(指向一维数组)间接访问\n"); for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2) { for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j)); printf("\n"); } return 0; }
运行结果:
问题1:存放int类型数据地址的指针变量
问题2:指向包含四个元素的一维数组的指针变量
任务四
源代码:
#include <stdio.h> #define N 80 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char); int main() { char text[N] = "Programming is difficult or not, it is a question."; printf("原始文本: \n"); printf("%s\n", text); replace(text, 'i', '*'); printf("处理后文本: \n"); printf("%s\n", text); return 0; } void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char) { int i; while(*str) { if(*str == old_char) *str = new_char; str++; } }
运行结果:
问题1: 将字符串中的某个旧字符替换成新字符
问题2: 可以
任务五
源代码:
#include <stdio.h> #define N 80 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x); int main() { char str[N]; char ch; while(printf("输入字符串: "), gets(str) != NULL) { printf("输入一个字符: "); ch = getchar(); printf("截断处理...\n"); str_trunc(str, ch); // 函数调用 printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n\n", str); getchar(); } return 0; } char *str_trunc(char *str, char x) { int i = 0; while (str[i]!= '\0') { if (str[i] == x) { str[i] = '\0' ; break; } i++; } return str; }
运行结果:
问题:保证回车键不被读取
任务六
源代码:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define N 5 int check_id(char *str); int main() { char *pid[N] = {"31010120000721656X", "3301061996X0203301", "53010220051126571", "510104199211197977", "53010220051126133Y"}; int i; for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) if (check_id(pid[i])) // 函数调用 printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]); else printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]); return 0; } int check_id(char *str) { int len = strlen(str); if (len!=18) return 0; int i; for (i = 0; i < len-1; i++){ if((str[i] < '0' || str[i] > '9')) return 0; } if (str[len - 1]!= 'X' && (str[len - 1] < '0' || str[len - 1] > '9')) return 0; else return 1; }
运行结果:
任务七
源代码:
#include <stdio.h> #define N 80 void encoder(char *str, int n); void decoder(char *str, int n); int main() { char words[N]; int n; printf("输入英文文本: "); gets(words); printf("输入n: "); scanf("%d", &n); printf("编码后的英文文本: "); encoder(words, n); printf("%s\n", words); printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: "); decoder(words, n); printf("%s\n", words); return 0; } void encoder(char *str, int n) { int i = 0; while (str[i]!='\0') { if (str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z' ){ str[i] = (str[i] - 'a' + n) % 26 + 'a'; } else if (str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z'){ str[i] = (str[i] + n - 'A') % 26 + 'A'; } i++; } } void decoder(char *str, int n) { int i = 0; while(str[i]!='\0'){ if (str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z' ){ str[i] = (str[i] - 'a' - n + 26) % 26 + 'a'; } else if (str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z'){ str[i] = (str[i] - n - 'A' + 26) % 26 + 'A'; } i++; } }
运行结果:
任务八
源代码:
#include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { void swap(char *a[], int i, int j){ char *temp = argv[i]; argv[i] = argv[j]; argv = temp; } void bubbleSort(char *arr[], int n){ int i, j; for (i = 0; i < n - 1;i++){ for (j = 0;j < n - i - 1; j++){ if(strcmp(argv[j],argv[j+1]) > 0){ swap(argv, j ,j+1); } } } } bubbleSort(argv, argc); int i; for(i = 1; i < argc; ++i) printf("hello, %s\n", argv[i]); return 0; }
运行结果: