java基础笔记(7)

Socket编程

通信基础:ip地址(位置)、协议(语言)、端口(软件程序);

java提供网络功能的四大类:

 

 InetAddress没有构造函数,不够里面有一些方法是可以返回实例,如:

 InetAddress.getLocalHost();返回本机的实例;

 InetAddress.getByName(String NAME);根据主机名或ip返回实例;

 

URL类实例化后可以获取URL的主机名、端口、文件的路径、文件名等等信息,需要注意的是,如果URL在实例化时没有指定端口号,会传入默认端口号,通过url.getPort()获取的端口号是-1而不是80;

URL提供了一个openStream(),用来获取URL的输入流,例:

public void urlTest() throws IOException {
        URL baidu = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
        InputStream in = baidu.openStream();//获取URL的输入流,此时输入流是字节数组
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in,"utf-8");//将输入流转换为字符输入流
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);//为字符流添加缓冲
        String data = br.readLine();
        while(data!=null) {
            System.out.println(data);
            data = br.readLine();
        }
        br.close();
        isr.close();
        in.close();
    }

 

 

 

给予TCP协议实现网络通信的类:

客户端:Socket类

服务器端;ServerSocket类

Socket实现通信的步骤:

 

 常用的创建构造方法及常用方法:

 

 

ServerSocket类:

构造方法:

ServerSocket(int port);指定端口号创建ServerSocket类;

调用方法:

accept();监听并接收此套接字的连接,返回一个Socket;

close();关闭套接字

getInetAddress(),返回InetAddress类,返回服务器的本地地址;

getLocalPort(),返回int类,返回套接字监听的接口;

 

Socket类:

构造方法:

Socket(String host,int port);指定主机地址和端口创建Socket类;

调用方法;

close();关闭套接字

getInetAddress(),返回InetAddress类,返回套接字的本地地址;

getLocalPort(),返回int类,返回套接字绑定的接口;

getInputStream(),返回InputStream类,获取套接字的输入流

getOutputStream(),返回OutputStream类,获取套接字的输出流

 

 

通过Socket编码演示实现服务器端和客户端之间的通讯:

服务器端:

package com.Socket;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serversocket = new ServerSocket(8889);//创建服务器套接字
        System.out.println("===服务器即将启动,正在等待客户端的连接===");
        Socket socket = serversocket.accept();//开始监听,等待客户端的连接
        InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();//获取输入流
        InputStreamReader inr = new InputStreamReader(in);//将字节输入流转为字符输入流
        BufferedReader binr = new BufferedReader(inr);//将输入流添加到缓冲流
        String info =null;
        while((info = binr.readLine())!=null) {
            System.out.println("我是服务器,客户端说:"+info);
        }
        socket.shutdownInput();
        OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(output);
        pw.write("欢迎您");
        pw.flush();
        pw.close();
        binr.close();
        inr.close();in.close();
        socket.close();
        serversocket.close();
    }
}

 

客户端:

package com.Socket;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket("localhost",8889);//创建客户端Socket套接字
        OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();//创建字节输出流
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(output);//将输出流包装为打印流
        pw.write("用户名:admin;密码:123");
        pw.flush();
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
        String info;
        while((info = br.readLine())!=null) {
            System.out.print("客户端对我说:"+info);
        }
        br.close();
        in.close();
        pw.close();
        output.close();
        socket.close();
    }

}

 

 

 

 多线程的通信:

建立一个线程类:

package com.Socket;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ServerThread extends Thread {
    Socket socket = null;
    public ServerThread(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }
    public void run() {
        try {
            InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();//获取输入流
            InputStreamReader inr = new InputStreamReader(in);//将字节输入流转为字符输入流
            BufferedReader binr = new BufferedReader(inr);//将输入流添加到缓冲流
            String info =null;
            while((info = binr.readLine())!=null) {
                System.out.println("我是服务器,客户端说:"+info);
            }
            socket.shutdownInput();
            OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();
            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(output);
            pw.write("欢迎您");
            pw.flush();
            if(pw!=null)
            pw.close();
            if(binr!=null)
            binr.close();
            if(inr!=null)
            inr.close();
            if(in!=null)
            in.close();
            if(socket!=null)
            socket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在服务器类中循环调用accept()方法并不断实例化线程类,在accept()连接返回一个Socket后又继续调用进行监听:

package com.Socket;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class server {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serversocket = new ServerSocket(8889);//创建服务器套接字
        Socket socket = null;
        int count = 0;
        System.out.println("===服务器即将启动,正在等待客户端的连接===");
        while(true) {
            socket = serversocket.accept();
        //开始监听,等待客户端的连接
        ServerThread serverthread = new ServerThread(socket);
        serverthread.start();
        count++;
        System.out.println("客户端的数量:"+count);
        InetAddress address  =socket.getInetAddress();
        System.out.println("客户端的IP:"+address);
        }
    }
}

这样既可实现多客户端的多次连接;

 

 

 

 UDP信息传输

 

 DatagramPacket:表示数据报包

DatagramSocket:表示端到端通信的类

 

 

 

 服务器端:

package com.Socket;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class Udpserver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8887);//创建Socket
        byte[] data = new byte[1024];//创建数组,在创建数据报的时候需将该字节数组传入
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length);//创建数据报,将数据传入数组中
        System.out.println("服务器已经启动,正在等待客户端的连接=====");
        socket.receive(packet);//等待接收数据报,在接收前会一直阻塞
        String info = new String(data,0,packet.getLength());
        System.out.println("我是服务器,客户端发来信息:"+info);
        //向客户端相应数据
        InetAddress address = packet.getAddress();//根据传过来的数据报获取客户端的地址
        int port = packet.getPort();//获取客户端端口
        byte[] data2 = "欢迎您".getBytes();
        DatagramPacket packet2 = new DatagramPacket(data2, data2.length,address,port);
        socket.send(packet2);
        socket.close();
    }
}

客户端:

package com.Socket;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class Udpclient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InetAddress adress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 8887;
        byte[] data = "用户名:admin;密码:123".getBytes();//定义发送信息并存到字节数组中
        DatagramPacket packet =new DatagramPacket(data,data.length,adress,port);//将定义好的字节数组和传送的目标地址,目标端口封装成数据报
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();//创建socket套接字
        socket.send(packet);//发送数据报
        byte[] data3 = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet3 =new DatagramPacket(data3,data3.length);
        socket.receive(packet3);
        String info2 = new String(data3,0,packet3.getLength());
        System.out.println("服务器对我说:"+info2);
        socket.close();
    }
}

 

posted @ 2019-11-15 10:55  xiao兆  阅读(109)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报