java_JavaWeb(5)
HttpServletRequest对象
通过HttpServletRequest对象可获取客户端在访问服务器时,请求的所有信息
- 获取客户机的信息
- getRequestURL:返回客户端发出请求时的完整URL
- getRequestURI:返回请求行中的部分资源名名称
- getQueryString:返回请求中的参数部分
- getRemoteAddr:返回请求中客户机的IP地址
- ......
String requestURL= request.getRequestURL; String requestURI = request.getRequestURI; String queryString = request.getQueryString; String IP = getRemoteAddr;
- 获取客户机的请求头
- getHeader(string name);返回String;
- getHeaders(String name);返回Enumeration;
- getHeaderNames();返回Enumeration;返回所有的请求头;
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); Enumertion<String> reqHeadInfos = request.getHeaderNames(); while(reqHeadInfos.hasMoreElements()){ String name = reqHeadInfos.nextElement(); String value = request.getHeader(name); out.write(name +":"+value); }
- 获取客户端提交的数据
- getParameter(String name );
- getParameterValues(String name);
- getParameterMap();编写框架时常用;
表单信息:
<form action="xxx" method = "post"> <input type="text" name = "userid" maxlength = "2"><br> <input type="checkbox" name = "hobby" value = "唱歌">唱歌 <input type="checkbox" name = "hobby" value = "跳舞">跳舞 <input type="checkbox" name = "hobby" value = "rap">rap <input type="checkbox" name = "hobby" value = "打篮球">打篮球 <br>
所提交到的xxxjava文件中通过request获取其提交的数据:
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String username = request.getParameter("name"); String[] hobbys = request.getParameterValues("hobby"); String hobbyStr = ""; for (int i = 0 ;hobbys!=null && i <hobbys.length;i++){ if(i = hobbys.length-1){ hobbyStr += hobbys[i]; }else{ hobbyStr +=hobbys[i]+","; } } out.write("name="+username); out.write("hobbys="+hobbyStr);
request接收表单出现乱码问题
- 以POST方式提交表单
出现乱码的原因是服务器和客户端沟通的编码不一致,而服务器可以通过ServletRequest接口继承而来的setCharacterEncoding(charset)方法来统一编码设置;
在获取数据前先统一编码设置:
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- 以GET方式提交表单
即使统一编码,以GET方式提交的表单也会出现乱码,原因未知,request对象是以ISO8859-1的字符编码来接收数据,为了可以解决乱码问题,request对象需先获取以ISO8859-1字符编码接收到的数据的字节数组,再指定以"UTF-8"编码重新构建字符串;
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String name = request.getparameter("name"); name = new String(name.getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"UTF-8"); out.write("name = "+name);
Request对象实现转发
之前我们有学过通过ServletContext实现转发:
RequestDispatcher reqDispatcher = this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/xxx/xxx");//这里返回的RequestDispatcher对象也可由request对象直接通过getRequestDispatcher()方法获取到 reqDispatcher.forward(request,response);//再通过forward方法实现请求转发
因此通过Request对象实现转发如下:
request.getRequestDispatcher("/xxx/xxx").forward(request,response);