第一阶段：
1.硬件设备初始化：将CPU设为SVC模式，关闭开门狗，设置时钟，关闭MMU,Cache（在u-boot-1.1.6/cpu/arm920t/start.s中定义）
2.准备ram:设置存储控制器（在u-boot-1.1.6/board/100ask24x0/lowlevel.s中实现）
#include <config.h> #include <version.h> #define BWSCON 0x48000000 /* BWSCON */ #define DW8 (0x0) #define DW16 (0x1) #define DW32 (0x2) #define WAIT (0x1<<2) #define UBLB (0x1<<3) #define B1_BWSCON (DW16) #define B2_BWSCON (DW16) //#define B3_BWSCON (DW16 + WAIT + UBLB) #define B3_BWSCON (DW16 + UBLB) #define B4_BWSCON (DW16 + WAIT + UBLB) #define B5_BWSCON (DW8) #define B6_BWSCON (DW32) #define B7_BWSCON (DW32) /* BANK0CON */ #define B0_Tacs 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B0_Tcos 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B0_Tacc 0x7 /* 14clk */ #define B0_Tcoh 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B0_Tah 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B0_Tacp 0x0 #define B0_PMC 0x0 /* normal */ /* BANK1CON */ #define B1_Tacs 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B1_Tcos 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B1_Tacc 0x7 /* 14clk */ #define B1_Tcoh 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B1_Tah 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B1_Tacp 0x0 #define B1_PMC 0x0 #define B2_Tacs 0x0 #define B2_Tcos 0x0 #define B2_Tacc 0x7 #define B2_Tcoh 0x0 #define B2_Tah 0x0 #define B2_Tacp 0x0 #define B2_PMC 0x0 #define B3_Tacs 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B3_Tcos 0x3 /* 4clk */ #define B3_Tacc 0x7 /* 14clk */ #define B3_Tcoh 0x1 /* 1clk */ #define B3_Tah 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B3_Tacp 0x3 /* 6clk */ #define B3_PMC 0x0 /* normal */ #define B4_Tacs 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B4_Tcos 0x3 /* 4clk */ #define B4_Tacc 0x7 /* 14clk */ #define B4_Tcoh 0x1 /* 1clk */ #define B4_Tah 0x3 /* 4clk */ #define B4_Tacp 0x6 /* 6clk */ #define B4_PMC 0x0 /* normal */ #define B5_Tacs 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B5_Tcos 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B5_Tacc 0x7 /* 14clk */ #define B5_Tcoh 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B5_Tah 0x0 /* 0clk */ #define B5_Tacp 0x0 #define B5_PMC 0x0 /* normal */ #define B6_MT 0x3 /* SDRAM */ #define B6_Trcd 0x1 #define B6_SCAN 0x1 /* 9bit */ #define B7_MT 0x3 /* SDRAM */ #define B7_Trcd 0x1 /* 3clk */ #define B7_SCAN 0x1 /* 9bit */ /* REFRESH parameter */ #define REFEN 0x1 /* Refresh enable */ #define TREFMD 0x0 /* CBR(CAS before RAS)/Auto refresh */ #define Trp 0x0 /* 2clk */ #define Trc 0x3 /* 7clk */ #define Tchr 0x2 /* 3clk */ #define REFCNT 0x4f4 /* period=7.8125us, HCLK=100Mhz, (2048+1-7.8125*100) */ /**************************************/ _TEXT_BASE: .word TEXT_BASE .globl lowlevel_init lowlevel_init: ldr r0, =SMRDATA /* 使r0相对于当前位置，以便它从闪存而不是内存中读取SMRDATA*/ ldr r1, _TEXT_BASE sub r0, r0, r1 ldr r1, =BWSCON /* Bus Width Status Controller */ add r2, r0, #13*4 0: ldr r3, [r0], #4 str r3, [r1], #4 cmp r2, r0 bne 0b /* everything is fine now */ mov pc, lr .ltorg /* the literal pools origin */ SMRDATA: .word (0+(B1_BWSCON<<4)+(B2_BWSCON<<8)+(B3_BWSCON<<12)+(B4_BWSCON<<16)+(B5_BWSCON<<20)+(B6_BWSCON<<24)+(B7_BWSCON<<28)) .word ((B0_Tacs<<13)+(B0_Tcos<<11)+(B0_Tacc<<8)+(B0_Tcoh<<6)+(B0_Tah<<4)+(B0_Tacp<<2)+(B0_PMC)) .word ((B1_Tacs<<13)+(B1_Tcos<<11)+(B1_Tacc<<8)+(B1_Tcoh<<6)+(B1_Tah<<4)+(B1_Tacp<<2)+(B1_PMC)) .word ((B2_Tacs<<13)+(B2_Tcos<<11)+(B2_Tacc<<8)+(B2_Tcoh<<6)+(B2_Tah<<4)+(B2_Tacp<<2)+(B2_PMC)) .word ((B3_Tacs<<13)+(B3_Tcos<<11)+(B3_Tacc<<8)+(B3_Tcoh<<6)+(B3_Tah<<4)+(B3_Tacp<<2)+(B3_PMC)) .word ((B4_Tacs<<13)+(B4_Tcos<<11)+(B4_Tacc<<8)+(B4_Tcoh<<6)+(B4_Tah<<4)+(B4_Tacp<<2)+(B4_PMC)) .word ((B5_Tacs<<13)+(B5_Tcos<<11)+(B5_Tacc<<8)+(B5_Tcoh<<6)+(B5_Tah<<4)+(B5_Tacp<<2)+(B5_PMC)) .word ((B6_MT<<15)+(B6_Trcd<<2)+(B6_SCAN)) .word ((B7_MT<<15)+(B7_Trcd<<2)+(B7_SCAN)) .word ((REFEN<<23)+(TREFMD<<22)+(Trp<<20)+(Trc<<18)+(Tchr<<16)+REFCNT) .word 0xb1 .word 0x30 .word 0x30
3.复制boot的第二阶段的代码到ram
relocate: /* relocate U-Boot to RAM */
adr r0, _start /* r0 <- current position of code */
ldr r1, _TEXT_BASE /* test if we run from flash or RAM */
cmp r0, r1 /* don't reloc during debug */
beq clear_bss
ldr r2, _armboot_start
ldr r3, _bss_start
sub r2, r3, r2 /* r2 <- size of armboot */
#if 1
bl CopyCode2Ram /* r0: source, r1: dest, r2: size */
#else
add r2, r0, r2 /* r2 <- source end address */
copy_loop:
ldmia r0!, {r3-r10} /* copy from source address [r0] */
stmia r1!, {r3-r10} /* copy to target address [r1] */
cmp r0, r2 /* until source end addreee [r2] */
ble copy_loop
#endif
4.设置好栈
stack_setup: ldr r0, _TEXT_BASE /* upper 128 KiB: relocated uboot */ sub r0, r0, #CFG_MALLOC_LEN /* malloc area */ sub r0, r0, #CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE /* bdinfo */ #ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ sub r0, r0, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE_IRQ+CONFIG_STACKSIZE_FIQ) #endif sub sp, r0, #12 /* leave 3 words for abort-stack */
5.跳转到第二阶段的C入口:先清理bss段，再调用arm_lib/board.c的start_armboot函数进入第二阶段
clear_bss: ldr r0, _bss_start /* find start of bss segment */ ldr r1, _bss_end /* stop here */ mov r2, #0x00000000 /* clear */ clbss_l:str r2, [r0] /* clear loop... */ add r0, r0, #4 cmp r0, r1 ble clbss_l
ldr pc, _start_armboot
_start_armboot: .word start_armboot
void start_armboot (void) { init_fnc_t **init_fnc_ptr; char *s; #ifndef CFG_NO_FLASH ulong size; #endif #if defined(CONFIG_VFD) || defined(CONFIG_LCD) unsigned long addr; #endif /* Pointer is writable since we allocated a register for it */ gd = (gd_t*)(_armboot_start - CFG_MALLOC_LEN - sizeof(gd_t)); /* compiler optimization barrier needed for GCC >= 3.4 */ __asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory"); memset ((void*)gd, 0, sizeof (gd_t)); gd->bd = (bd_t*)((char*)gd - sizeof(bd_t)); memset (gd->bd, 0, sizeof (bd_t)); monitor_flash_len = _bss_start - _armboot_start; for (init_fnc_ptr = init_sequence; *init_fnc_ptr; ++init_fnc_ptr) { if ((*init_fnc_ptr)() != 0) { hang (); } } #ifndef CFG_NO_FLASH /* configure available FLASH banks */ size = flash_init (); display_flash_config (size); #endif /* CFG_NO_FLASH */ #ifdef CONFIG_VFD # ifndef PAGE_SIZE # define PAGE_SIZE 4096 # endif /* * reserve memory for VFD display (always full pages) */ /* bss_end is defined in the board-specific linker script */ addr = (_bss_end + (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1); size = vfd_setmem (addr); gd->fb_base = addr; #endif /* CONFIG_VFD */ #ifdef CONFIG_LCD # ifndef PAGE_SIZE # define PAGE_SIZE 4096 # endif /* * reserve memory for LCD display (always full pages) */ /* bss_end is defined in the board-specific linker script */ addr = (_bss_end + (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1); size = lcd_setmem (addr); gd->fb_base = addr; #endif /* CONFIG_LCD */ /* armboot_start is defined in the board-specific linker script */ mem_malloc_init (_armboot_start - CFG_MALLOC_LEN); #if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND) puts ("NAND: "); nand_init(); /* go init the NAND */ #endif #ifdef CONFIG_HAS_DATAFLASH AT91F_DataflashInit(); dataflash_print_info(); #endif /* initialize environment */ env_relocate (); #ifdef CONFIG_VFD /* must do this after the framebuffer is allocated */ drv_vfd_init(); #endif /* CONFIG_VFD */ /* IP Address */ gd->bd->bi_ip_addr = getenv_IPaddr ("ipaddr"); /* MAC Address */ { int i; ulong reg; char *s, *e; char tmp[64]; i = getenv_r ("ethaddr", tmp, sizeof (tmp)); s = (i > 0) ? tmp : NULL; for (reg = 0; reg < 6; ++reg) { gd->bd->bi_enetaddr[reg] = s ? simple_strtoul (s, &e, 16) : 0; if (s) s = (*e) ? e + 1 : e; } #ifdef CONFIG_HAS_ETH1 i = getenv_r ("eth1addr", tmp, sizeof (tmp)); s = (i > 0) ? tmp : NULL; for (reg = 0; reg < 6; ++reg) { gd->bd->bi_enet1addr[reg] = s ? simple_strtoul (s, &e, 16) : 0; if (s) s = (*e) ? e + 1 : e; } #endif } devices_init (); /* get the devices list going. */ #ifdef CONFIG_CMC_PU2 load_sernum_ethaddr (); #endif /* CONFIG_CMC_PU2 */ jumptable_init (); console_init_r (); /* fully init console as a device */ #if defined(CONFIG_MISC_INIT_R) /* miscellaneous platform dependent initialisations */ misc_init_r (); #endif Port_Init(); if (!PreLoadedONRAM) { /* enable exceptions */ enable_interrupts (); /* add by www.100ask.net */ usb_init(); } /* Perform network card initialisation if necessary */ #ifdef CONFIG_DRIVER_CS8900 cs8900_get_enetaddr (gd->bd->bi_enetaddr); #endif #if defined(CONFIG_DRIVER_SMC91111) || defined (CONFIG_DRIVER_LAN91C96) if (getenv ("ethaddr")) { smc_set_mac_addr(gd->bd->bi_enetaddr); } #endif /* CONFIG_DRIVER_SMC91111 || CONFIG_DRIVER_LAN91C96 */ /* Initialize from environment */ if ((s = getenv ("loadaddr")) != NULL) { load_addr = simple_strtoul (s, NULL, 16); } #if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NET) if ((s = getenv ("bootfile")) != NULL) { copy_filename (BootFile, s, sizeof (BootFile)); } #endif /* CFG_CMD_NET */ #ifdef BOARD_LATE_INIT board_late_init (); #endif #if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NET) #if defined(CONFIG_NET_MULTI) puts ("Net: "); #endif eth_initialize(gd->bd); #endif /* main_loop() can return to retry autoboot, if so just run it again. */ for (;;) { main_loop (); } /* NOTREACHED - no way out of command loop except booting */ }
第二阶段：
1.初始化本阶段用到的硬件：改变时钟，配置串口等
2.检测内存映射：板子的内存其实地址和大小
3.uboot命令的格式
4.为内核设置启动参数：对于arm架构，通过lib_arm/armlinux.c的do_bootm_linux函数来启动内核，这个函数设置标记列表，最后通过
theKernel (0, bd->bi_arch_number, bd->bi_boot_params);调用内核
下图为uboot内存使用情况
辨别是否从nor启动：
int bBootFrmNORFlash(void) { volatile unsigned int *pdw = (volatile unsigned int *)0; unsigned int dwVal; /* * 无论是从NOR Flash还是从NAND Flash启动， * 地址0处为指令"b Reset", 机器码为0xEA00000B， * 对于从NAND Flash启动的情况，其开始4KB的代码会复制到CPU内部4K内存中， * 对于从NOR Flash启动的情况，NOR Flash的开始地址即为0。 * 对于NOR Flash，必须通过一定的命令序列才能写数据， * 所以可以根据这点差别来分辨是从NAND Flash还是NOR Flash启动: * 向地址0写入一个数据，然后读出来，如果没有改变的话就是NOR Flash */ dwVal = *pdw; *pdw = 0x12345678; if (*pdw != 0x12345678) { return 1; } else { *pdw = dwVal; return 0; } }
