Promise.then方法的执行顺序例题分析
1. 当Promise对象作为resolve的参数时
const p = Promise.resolve(); const p1 = Promise.resolve(p); //就是p const p2 = new Promise(res => res(p)); //新建一个对象,对象状态依赖p // res(p)可以看作 await p1; await resolve(); // 或者p.then(data => getData()).then(() => p2.resolve()) // 首先;p1 === p; p2!===p // 那么,p1是一个fulfilled状态的对象;p2状态需要运行后求得 console.log(p === p1); // true console.log(p === p2); // false p1.then(() => { console.log('p1-1'); }).then(() => { console.log('p1-2'); }).then(() => { console.log('p1-3'); }) p2.then(() => { //p2.resolve之后才能调用回调函数 console.log('p2-1'); }).then(() => { console.log('p2-2'); }).then(() => { console.log('p2-3'); }) p.then(() => { console.log('p-1'); }).then(() => { console.log('p-2'); }).then(() => { console.log('p-3'); }) // 运行结果 // getData() p1-1 p-1 // resolve() p1-2 p-2 p2-1 p1-3 p-3 p2-2 p2-3
2. 当Promise的resolve方法在另一个Promise对象的then方法中运行时,变异步;
let p3; p1 = new Promise(resolve => { p3 = new Promise(res => res()); p3.then(() => { console.log('p3') resolve(); // resolve()方法用在then方法中,变为异步执行 }) }) p1.then(() => { console.log('p1-1'); }).then(() => { console.log('p1-2'); }) p3.then(() => { console.log('p3-1') }).then(() => { console.log('p3-2') }) // 运行结果如下: p3 p3-1 p1-1 p3-2 p1-2
示例:
const p1 = Promise.resolve(); let p3; const p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){ p3 = new Promise(res => res(p1)); p3.then(() => { //1 p3.then第一个 console.log('p3') resolve('ok'); }) }); p1.then(() => { console.log('p1-1') }).then(() => { console.log('p1-2') }).then(() => { console.log('p1-3') }) p2.then(function(data) { console.log('p2-1') }).then(function(data) { console.log('p2-2') }).then(function(data) { console.log('p2-3') }) // p3.then第二个,p3状态变化触发then方法时,同时触发,按照先后顺序执行 // 只要时p3.then(...)都同时触发 p3.then(function(data) { console.log('p3-1') }).then(function(data) { console.log('p3-2') }).then(function(data) { console.log('p3-3') }) // 运行结果 p1-1 p1-2 p3 p3-1 p1-3 p2-1 p3-2 p2-2 p3-3 p2-3
3. 当使用catch()方法捕获异常时
const p1 = Promise.resolve(); const p2 = Promise.reject(); //状态为rejected p1.then(() => { console.log('p1-1') }).then(() => { console.log('p1-2') }).then(() => { console.log('p1-3') }) p2.then(function(data) { //会立即触发,但是触发的是then中省略的第二个函数; console.log('p2-1') }).then(function(data) { console.log('p2-2') }).then(function(data) { console.log('p2-3') }).catch(() => { console.log('catched') }) // 运行结果如下: p1-1 // 默认运行p2的第一个错误回调 p1-2 // 默认运行p2的第二个错误回调 p1-3 // 默认运行p2的第三个错误回调 catched
4. 当有async函数时
async function async1() { console.log('async1 start'); await async2(); //async()函数执行是同步调用;生成Promise后等待状态改变返回结果是then任务 console.log('async1 end'); } async function async2() { console.log('async2'); } console.log('script start'); setTimeout(() => { console.log('setTimeout') }) async1(); new Promise((resolve, reject) => { console.log('promise1'); resolve(); }).then(() => { console.log('promise2'); }) // 运行结果如下 script start async1 start async2 promise1 async1 end promise2 setTimeout