作为一个web开发人员，对Http 请求，并不陌生。有时候，我们请求的时候，需要使用代码实现，一般情况，我们使用Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目.的HttpClient.
可是我发现，在开发过成，很多情况，我们使用的功能，并不需要，想象中的需要HttpClient 的很多特性。而且，需要引用jar 。这边我们使用Java jdk自带的HttpsURLConnection.
而且，这个可以迁移到android项目封装成一个HttpUtils 方法。代码如下：
package com.xuanyuan.utils.http;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
/**
* HttpUtils帮助类
* User: PunkLin林克澎
* Email: lentr@sina.cn
* Date: 2017-04-04
*/
public class HttpUtils {
private static Charset charset=Charset.defaultCharset();
private static final String TAG = "HttpUtils";
//链接超时
private static final int mReadTimeOut = 1000 * 10; // 10秒
//链接超时
private static final int mConnectTimeOut = 1000 * 5; // 5秒
private static final String CHAR_SET = charset.displayName();
private static final int mRetry = 2; // 默认尝试访问次数
/**
* 处理访问字符串处理
* @param params
* @return
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
private static String buildParams(Map<String,? extends Object> params) throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
if(params ==null || params.isEmpty()){
return null;
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String, ? extends Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
if (entry.getKey() != null && entry.getValue() != null)
builder.append(entry.getKey().trim()).append("=")
.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue().toString(), CHAR_SET)).append("&");
}
if(builder.charAt(builder.length()-1)=='&'){
builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length()-1);
}
return builder.toString();
}
/**
* 无参数的Get访问
* @param url
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String get(String url) throws Exception {
return get(url, null);
}
/**
* 有参数的Get 访问
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String get(String url, Map<String, ? extends Object> params) throws Exception {
return get(url, params, null);
}
/**
* 含有报文头的Get请求
* @param url
* @param params
* @param headers
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String get(String url, Map<String, ? extends Object> params, Map<String, String> headers) throws Exception {
if (url == null || url.trim().length() == 0) {
throw new Exception(TAG + ": url is null or empty!");
}
if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {
if (!url.contains("?")) {
url += "?";
}
if (url.charAt(url.length() - 1) != '?') {
url += "&";
}
url += buildParams(params);
}
return tryToGet(url, headers);
}
private static String tryToGet(String url,Map<String,String> headers) throws Exception{
int tryTime = 0;
Exception ex = null;
while (tryTime < mRetry) {
try {
return doGet(url, headers);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (e != null)
ex = e;
tryTime++;
}
}
if (ex != null)
throw ex;
else
throw new Exception("未知网络错误 ");
}
/**
* Get 请求实现方法 核心
* @param strUrl
* @param headers
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static String doGet(String strUrl, Map<String, String> headers) throws Exception {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
InputStream stream = null;
try {
connection = getConnection(strUrl);
configConnection(connection);
if (headers != null && headers.size() > 0) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
connection.connect();
stream = connection.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream obs = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
for (int len = 0; (len = stream.read(buffer)) > 0;) {
obs.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
obs.flush();
obs.close();
stream.close();
return new String(obs.toByteArray());
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
connection.disconnect();
}
if (stream != null) {
stream.close();
}
}
}
/**
* Post 请求，无参数的请求
* @param url
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String post(String url) throws Exception {
return post(url, null);
}
/**
* Post 请求，带参数的请求。
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String post(String url, Map<String, ? extends Object> params) throws Exception {
return post(url, params, null);
}
/**
* Post 请求，带参数的请求，请求报文的
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String post(String url, Map<String, ? extends Object> params, Map<String, String> headers)
throws Exception {
if (url == null || url.trim().length() == 0) {
throw new Exception(TAG + ":url is null or empty!");
}
if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {
return tryToPost(url, buildParams(params), headers);
} else {
return tryToPost(url, null, headers);
}
}
public static String post(String url, String content, Map<String, String> headers) throws Exception {
return tryToPost(url, content, headers);
}
private static String tryToPost(String url, String postContent, Map<String, String> headers) throws Exception {
int tryTime = 0;
Exception ex = null;
while (tryTime < mRetry) {
try {
return doPost(url, postContent, headers);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (e != null)
ex = e;
tryTime++;
}
}
if (ex != null)
throw ex;
else
throw new Exception("未知网络错误 ");
}
private static String doPost(String strUrl, String postContent, Map<String, String> headers) throws Exception {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
InputStream stream = null;
try {
connection = getConnection(strUrl);
configConnection(connection);
if (headers != null && headers.size() > 0) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.setDoOutput(true);
if (null != postContent && !"".equals(postContent)) {
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
dos.write(postContent.getBytes(CHAR_SET));
dos.flush();
dos.close();
}
stream = connection.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream obs = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
for (int len = 0; (len = stream.read(buffer)) > 0;) {
obs.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
obs.flush();
obs.close();
return new String(obs.toByteArray());
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
connection.disconnect();
}
if (stream != null) {
stream.close();
}
}
}
private static void configConnection(HttpURLConnection connection){
if(connection==null){
return;
}
connection.setReadTimeout(mReadTimeOut);
connection.setConnectTimeout(mConnectTimeOut);
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/33.0.1750.146 Safari/537.36");
}
/**
* 根据输入的请求地址判断使用https 还是使用http 获取不同的HttpURLConnection.
* @param strUrl
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static HttpURLConnection getConnection(String strUrl) throws Exception {
if(strUrl == null){
return null;
}
if(strUrl.toLowerCase().startsWith("https")){
return getHttpsConnection(strUrl);
}else{
return getHttpConnection(strUrl);
}
}
//获取HTTP
private static HttpURLConnection getHttpConnection(String urlStr) throws Exception {
URL url =new URL(urlStr);
HttpURLConnection conn=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
return conn;
}
private static HttpURLConnection getHttpsConnection(String urlStr) throws Exception {
URL url =new URL(urlStr);
HttpsURLConnection conn=(HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setHostnameVerifier(hnv);
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
if(sslContext != null){
TrustManager[] tm={xtm};
sslContext.init(null, tm, null);
SSLSocketFactory ssf =sslContext.getSocketFactory();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
}
return conn;
}
private static X509TrustManager xtm = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
/**
* 用于主机名验证的基接口
*/
private static HostnameVerifier hnv = new HostnameVerifier() {
//验证主机名和服务器验证方案的匹配是可接受的。 可以接受返回true
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
return true;
}
};
}
这样，少了很多jar的引用。并且功能实现了 Https.
