Linux-redis编译安装
下载源码
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.7.tar.gz --2022-06-13 12:04:33-- http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.7.tar.gz Resolving download.redis.io (download.redis.io)... 45.60.125.1 Connecting to download.redis.io (download.redis.io)|45.60.125.1|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1984203 (1.9M) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘redis-5.0.7.tar.gz’ 100%[===============================================================================>] 1,984,203 2.16MB/s in 0.9s 2022-06-13 12:04:34 (2.16 MB/s) - ‘redis-5.0.7.tar.gz’ saved [1984203/1984203]
安装依赖包
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#yum -y install gcc jemalloc-devel
编译安装
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#tar xf redis-5.0.7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ [root@centos7-liyj ~]#cd /usr/local/src/ [root@centos7-liyj /usr/local/src]#cd redis-5.0.7/ [root@centos7-liyj /usr/local/src/redis-5.0.7]#make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
配置变量
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#echo 'PATH=/usr/local/redis/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/redis.sh [root@centos7-liyj ~]#. /etc/profile.d/redis.sh [root@centos7-liyj ~]#red red redis-benchmark redis-check-rdb redis-sentinel redhat_lsb_trigger.x86_64 redis-check-aof redis-cli redis-server
目录结构
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#tree /usr/local/redis/ /usr/local/redis/ └── bin ├── redis-benchmark ├── redis-check-aof ├── redis-check-rdb ├── redis-cli ├── redis-sentinel -> redis-server └── redis-server 1 directory, 6 files
准备相关目录和配置文件
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#mkdir /usr/local/redis/{etc,log,data,run} #创建配置文件，日志，数据等 [root@centos7-liyj ~]#cp /usr/local/src/redis-5.0.7/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/etc/
前台启动redis
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf 5337:C 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.432 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 5337:C 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.432 # Redis version=5.0.7, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5337, just started 5337:C 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.432 # Configuration loaded 5337:M 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.433 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024). _._ _.-``__ ''-._ _.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 5.0.7 (00000000/0) 64 bit .-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._ ( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379 | `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 5337 `-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' `-._ `-.__.-' _.-' `-._ _.-' `-.__.-' 5337:M 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.433 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. 5337:M 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.433 # Server initialized 5337:M 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.433 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect. 5337:M 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.433 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled. 5337:M 13 Jun 2022 12:24:18.433 * Ready to accept connections
解决启动时的三个警告提示
- tcp-backlog
WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
backlog参数控制的是三次握手的时候server端收到client ack确认号之后的队列值，即全连接队列
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#vim /etc/sysctl.conf [root@centos7-liyj ~]#cat /etc/sysctl.conf net.core.somaxconn = 1024
- vm.overcommit_memory
WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
内核参数说明:
0、表示内核将检查是否有足够的可用内存供应用进程使用；如果有足够的可用内存，内存申请允许；否则，内存申请失败，并把错误返回给应用进程。 1、表示内核允许分配所有的物理内存，而不管当前的内存状态如何 2、表示内核允许分配超过所有物理内存和交换空间总和的内存
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#cat /etc/sysctl.conf #添加到配置文件中 net.core.somaxconn = 1024 vm.overcommit_memory = 1
- transparent hugepage
WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel.This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled. 警告：您在内核中启用了透明大页面（THP,不同于一般内存页的4k为2M）支持。 这将在Redis中造成延迟和内存使用问题。
要解决此问题，请以root 用户身份运行命令“echo never>/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled”，并将其添加到您的/etc/rc.local中，以便在重启后保留设置。
禁用THP后，必须重新启动Redis。
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local [root@centos7-liyj ~]#cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local #!/bin/bash # THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES # # It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules # to run scripts during boot instead of using this file. # # In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot # this script will NOT be run after all other services. # # Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure # that this script will be executed during boot. touch /var/lock/subsys/local echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled [root@centos7-liyj ~]#chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#. /etc/rc.d/rc.local
再次前台运行
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf 5376:C 13 Jun 2022 12:44:03.041 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 5376:C 13 Jun 2022 12:44:03.041 # Redis version=5.0.7, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5376, just started 5376:C 13 Jun 2022 12:44:03.041 # Configuration loaded 5376:M 13 Jun 2022 12:44:03.041 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024). _._ _.-``__ ''-._ _.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 5.0.7 (00000000/0) 64 bit .-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._ ( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379 | `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 5376 `-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' `-._ `-.__.-' _.-' `-._ _.-' `-.__.-' 5376:M 13 Jun 2022 12:44:03.042 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. 5376:M 13 Jun 2022 12:44:03.042 # Server initialized 5376:M 13 Jun 2022 12:44:03.042 * DB loaded from disk: 0.000 seconds 5376:M 13 Jun 2022 12:44:03.042 * Ready to accept connections
创建redis用户和数据目录
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin redis
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#chown -R redis.redis /usr/local/redis/ #设置目录权限
编辑 redis 服务启动文件
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service [root@centos7-liyj ~]#cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service [Unit] Description=Redis persistent key-value database After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf --supervised systemd #对应文件路径 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID Type=notify User=redis Group=redis RuntimeDirectory=redis RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
redis 启动
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#systemctl daemon-reload #加载service文件内容 [root@centos7-liyj ~]#systemctl start redis [root@centos7-liyj ~]#systemctl status redis ● redis.service - Redis persistent key-value database Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-06-13 12:52:55 CST; 13s ago Main PID: 5512 (redis-server) CGroup: /system.slice/redis.service └─5512 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379 Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: `-._ `-.__.-' _.-' Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: `-._ _.-' Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: `-.__.-' Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: 5512:M 13 Jun 2022 12:52:55.490 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setti... 128. Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: 5512:M 13 Jun 2022 12:52:55.490 # Server initialized Jun 13 12:52:55 centos7-liyj redis-server[5512]: 5512:M 13 Jun 2022 12:52:55.493 * Ready to accept connections Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
创建命令软连接
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#ln -sv /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-* /usr/bin/ ‘/usr/bin/redis-benchmark’ -> ‘/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-benchmark’ ‘/usr/bin/redis-check-aof’ -> ‘/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-check-aof’ ‘/usr/bin/redis-check-rdb’ -> ‘/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-check-rdb’ ‘/usr/bin/redis-cli’ -> ‘/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli’ ‘/usr/bin/redis-sentinel’ -> ‘/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-sentinel’ ‘/usr/bin/redis-server’ -> ‘/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server’ [root@centos7-liyj ~]#ll /usr/local/redis/bin/ total 32772 -rwxr-xr-x 1 redis redis 4366848 Jun 13 12:15 redis-benchmark #redis性能测试工具 -rwxr-xr-x 1 redis redis 8125264 Jun 13 12:15 redis-check-aof #AOF文件检查工具 -rwxr-xr-x 1 redis redis 8125264 Jun 13 12:15 redis-check-rdb #RDB文件检查工具 -rwxr-xr-x 1 redis redis 4807920 Jun 13 12:15 redis-cli #客户端工具 lrwxrwxrwx 1 redis redis 12 Jun 13 12:15 redis-sentinel -> redis-server #哨兵，软连接到server -rwxr-xr-x 1 redis redis 8125264 Jun 13 12:15 redis-server #redis 服务启动命令
连接到奥redis
主要分为客户端连接和程序的连接
客户端连接redis
本机无密码连接
redis-cli
跨主机无密码连接
redis-cli -h HOSTNAME/IP -p PORT
跨主机密码连接
redis-cli -h HOSTNAME/IP -p PORT -a PASSWORD
程序连接 Redis
redis 支持多种开发语言访问
脚本写入测试数据
shell 脚本写入数据到 Redis
[root@centos8 ~]#cat redis_test.sh #!/bin/bash NUM=100 PASS=123456 for i in `seq $NUM`;do redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -a "$PASS" --no-auth-warning set key${i} value${i} echo "key${i} value${i} 写入完成" done echo "$NUM个key写入到Redis完成"
python脚本写入数据到 Redis
[root@centos8 ~]#yum -y install python3 python3-redis #注意文件名不要为redis,会和redis模块名称冲突 [root@centos8 ~]#cat redis_test.py #!/bin/env python3 import redis #import time pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host="127.0.0.1",port=6379,password="") r = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool) for i in range(100): r.set("k%d" % i,"v%d" % i) # time.sleep(1) data=r.get("k%d" % i) print(data)
[root@centos8 ~]# python3 redis_test.py
redis 的多实例
测试环境中经常使用多实例,需要指定不同实例的相应的端口,配置文件,日志文件等相关配置
以编译安装为例实现 redis 多实例
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#ll /usr/local/redis/ #redis的文件列表 total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 redis redis 134 Jun 13 12:15 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 redis redis 6 Jun 13 12:21 data drwxr-xr-x 2 redis redis 24 Jun 13 12:22 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 redis redis 6 Jun 13 12:21 log drwxr-xr-x 2 redis redis 6 Jun 13 12:21 run [root@centos7 ~]#tree /usr/local/redis/ /usr/local/redis/ ├── bin │ ├── redis-benchmark │ ├── redis-check-aof │ ├── redis-check-rdb │ ├── redis-cli │ ├── redis-sentinel -> redis-server │ └── redis-server ├── data │ ├── dump_6379.rdb │ ├── dump_6380.rdb │ └── dump_6381.rdb ├── etc │ ├── redis_6379.conf │ ├── redis_6380.conf │ └── redis_6381.conf ├── log │ ├── redis_6379.log │ ├── redis_6380.log │ └── redis_6381.log └── run ├── redis_6379.pid ├── redis_6380.pid └── redis_6381.pid [root@centos7 ~]#grep '^[^#]' /usr/local/redis/etc/redis_6379.conf bind 0.0.0.0 protected-mode yes port 6379 tcp-backlog 511 timeout 0 tcp-keepalive 300 daemonize yes supervised no pidfile /usr/local/redis/run/redis_6379.pid loglevel notice logfile "/usr/local/redis/log/redis_6379.log" databases 16 always-show-logo yes save 900 1 save 300 10 save 60 10000 stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes rdbcompression yes rdbchecksum yes dbfilename dump_6379.rdb dir /usr/local/redis/data/ replica-serve-stale-data yes replica-read-only yes repl-diskless-sync no repl-diskless-sync-delay 5 repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no replica-priority 100 lazyfree-lazy-eviction no lazyfree-lazy-expire no lazyfree-lazy-server-del no replica-lazy-flush no appendonly no appendfilename "appendonly_6379.aof" appendfsync everysec no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb aof-load-truncated yes aof-use-rdb-preamble yes lua-time-limit 5000 slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 slowlog-max-len 128 latency-monitor-threshold 0 notify-keyspace-events "" hash-max-ziplist-entries 512 hash-max-ziplist-value 64 list-max-ziplist-size -2 list-compress-depth 0 set-max-intset-entries 512 zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 zset-max-ziplist-value 64 hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000 stream-node-max-bytes 4096 stream-node-max-entries 100 activerehashing yes client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0 client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60 client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60 hz 10 dynamic-hz yes aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes [root@centos7 ~]#grep 6380 /usr/local/redis/etc/redis_6380.conf # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6380 (IANA #815344). port 6380 pidfile /usr/local/redis/run/redis_6380.pid logfile "/usr.local/redis/log/redis_6380.log" dbfilename dump_6380.rdb appendfilename "appendonly_6380.aof" # cluster-config-file nodes-6380.conf # cluster-announce-port 6380 # cluster-announce-bus-port 6380 [root@centos7 ~]#grep 6381 /usr/local/redis/etc/redis_6381.conf # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6381 (IANA #815344). port 6381 pidfile /usr/local/redis/run/redis_6381.pid logfile "/usr/local/redis/log/redis_6381.log" dbfilename dump_6381.rdb appendfilename "appendonly_6381.aof" # cluster-config-file nodes-6381.conf # cluster-announce-port 6381 [root@centos7 ~]#cat /lib/systemd/system/redis6379.service [Unit] Description=Redis persistent key-value database After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis_6379.conf -- supervised systemd #ExecStop=/usr/libexec/redis-shutdown ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID Type=notify User=redis Group=redis RuntimeDirectory=redis RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@centos7 ~]#cat /lib/systemd/system/redis6380.service [Unit] Description=Redis persistent key-value database After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis_6380.conf -- supervised systemd #ExecStop=/usr/libexec/redis-shutdown ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID Type=notify User=redis Group=redis RuntimeDirectory=redis RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@centos7 ~]#cat /lib/systemd/system/redis6381.service [Unit] Description=Redis persistent key-value database After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis_6381.conf -- supervised systemd #ExecStop=/usr/libexec/redis-shutdown ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID Type=notify User=redis Group=redis RuntimeDirectory=redis RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@centos7 ~]#systemctl daemon-reload [root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now redis6379 redis6380 redis6381 [root@centos7 ~]#ss -ntl
redis 常用命令
INFO 显示当前节点redis运行状态信息
SELECT 切换数据库，相当于在MySQL的 USE DBNAME 指令
KEYS 查看当前库下的所有key，此命令慎用！
BGSAVE 手动在后台执行RDB持久化操作
DBSIZE 返回当前库下的所有key 数量
FLUSHDB 强制清空当前库中的所有key，此命令慎用！
FLUSHALL 强制清空当前redis服务器所有数据库中的所有key，即删除所有数据，此命令慎用！
SHUTDOWN
可用版本： >= 1.0.0 时间复杂度： O(N)，其中 N 为关机时需要保存的数据库键数量。 SHUTDOWN 命令执行以下操作： 停止所有客户端 如果有至少一个保存点在等待，执行 SAVE 命令 如果 AOF 选项被打开，更新 AOF 文件 关闭 redis 服务器(server) 如果持久化被打开的话， SHUTDOWN 命令会保证服务器正常关闭而不丢失任何数据。 另一方面，假如只是单纯地执行 SAVE 命令，然后再执行 QUIT 命令，则没有这一保证 —— 因为在执行 SAVE 之后、执行 QUIT 之前的这段时间中间，其他客户端可能正在和服务器进行通讯，这时如果执行 QUIT 就会造成数据丢失。
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