SQLSERVER NULL和空字符串的区别 使用NULL是否节省空间

SQLSERVER NULL和空字符串的区别 使用NULL是否节省空间

这里只讨论字符串类型,int、datetime、text这些数据类型就不讨论了,因为是否节省空间是根据数据类型来定的

在写这篇文章之前,本人一直以为这个问题很简单的,看一下数据页就行了,但是后来写着写着,也修改了几次

发现需要对SQSERVER的数据页内容很熟悉您才能知道SQLSERVER内部空间占用是怎样的,希望大家在继续往下看之前先看一下下面文章

在往下看之前请各位先看一下下面的文章

char nchar varchar nvarchar的区别  :char nchar varchar nvarchar数据类型所占用长度

SQL Server页中行物理存储

SQL Server误区30日谈-Day6-有关NULL位图的三个误区

SQL Server2008存储结构之堆表、行溢出

SQLSERVER中NULL位图的作用

如果不看上面的文章,对于刚入门的人来说可能只会是一知半解,为了文章的篇幅不要过长,我就在文章里不解释一些重要名词了

大家看一下给出的文章就可以了o(∩_∩)o


先建立下面表格并插入测试数据

 1 USE [pratice]
 2 GO
 3 
 4 
 5 --允许空,varchar类型
 6 CREATE TABLE testnullvarchar(id INT ,NAME VARCHAR(20) NULL)
 7 GO
 8 --允许空,char类型
 9 CREATE TABLE testnullchar(id INT,NAME CHAR(20) NULL)
10 GO
11 --不允许空,varchar类型
12 CREATE TABLE testnotnullvarchar(id INT ,NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL)
13 GO
14 --不允许空,char类型
15 CREATE TABLE testnotnullchar(id INT ,NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL)
16 GO
17 
18 --插入数据
19 INSERT INTO [dbo].[testnullvarchar] ( [id],[Name] )
20 SELECT 1 ,NULL UNION ALL
21 SELECT 2,''
22 GO
23 
24 INSERT INTO [dbo].[testnullchar] ( [id],[Name] )
25 SELECT 1,NULL UNION ALL
26 SELECT 2,''
27 GO
28 
29 INSERT INTO [dbo].[testnotnullchar] ( [id],[NAME] )
30 SELECT 1,'' UNION ALL
31 SELECT 2,''
32 GO
33 
34 INSERT INTO [dbo].[testnotnullvarchar] ( [id],[NAME] )
35 SELECT 1,'' UNION ALL
36 SELECT 2,''
37 GO
38 
39 SELECT * FROM testnullvarchar
40 SELECT * FROM testnullchar
41 SELECT * FROM testnotnullchar
42 SELECT * FROM testnotnullvarchar
View Code

 

建立一个DBCCResult表,保存DBCC IND的结果

 1 CREATE TABLE DBCCResult (
 2 PageFID NVARCHAR(200),
 3 PagePID NVARCHAR(200),
 4 IAMFID NVARCHAR(200),
 5 IAMPID NVARCHAR(200),
 6 ObjectID NVARCHAR(200),
 7 IndexID NVARCHAR(200),
 8 PartitionNumber NVARCHAR(200),
 9 PartitionID NVARCHAR(200),
10 iam_chain_type NVARCHAR(200),
11 PageType NVARCHAR(200),
12 IndexLevel NVARCHAR(200),
13 NextPageFID NVARCHAR(200),
14 NextPagePID NVARCHAR(200),
15 PrevPageFID NVARCHAR(200),
16 PrevPagePID NVARCHAR(200)
17 )
18 GO
View Code

 


查看各张表的情况

 

VARCHAR类型的情况

testnullvarchar表

 1 --TRUNCATE TABLE DBCCResult
 2 INSERT INTO DBCCResult EXEC ('DBCC IND(pratice,testnullvarchar,-1) ')
 3 
 4 SELECT * FROM [dbo].[DBCCResult] ORDER BY [PageType] DESC 
 5 
 6 
 7 DBCC TRACEON(3604,-1)
 8 GO
 9 DBCC PAGE([pratice],1,8370,3)
10 GO
11 
12 
13     
14 SELECT LEN(name) FROM testnullvarchar WHERE [id]=1
View Code

数据页内容

 1 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
 2 
 3 PAGE: (1:8370)
 4 
 5 
 6 BUFFER:
 7 
 8 
 9 BUF @0x03CF4E64
10 
11 bpage = 0x16F16000                   bhash = 0x00000000                   bpageno = (1:8370)
12 bdbid = 5                            breferences = 0                      bUse1 = 9390
13 bstat = 0x2c0000b                    blog = 0x32159bb                     bnext = 0x00000000
14 
15 PAGE HEADER:
16 
17 
18 Page @0x16F16000
19 
20 m_pageId = (1:8370)                  m_headerVersion = 1                  m_type = 1
21 m_typeFlagBits = 0x4                 m_level = 0                          m_flagBits = 0x8000
22 m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 521    m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256  
23 Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594072072192                                 
24 Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594059882496                                 Metadata: IndexId = 0
25 Metadata: ObjectId = 1207675350      m_prevPage = (0:0)                   m_nextPage = (0:0)
26 pminlen = 8                          m_slotCnt = 2                        m_freeCnt = 8064
27 m_freeData = 124                     m_reservedCnt = 0                    m_lsn = (3045:22651:20)
28 m_xactReserved = 0                   m_xdesId = (0:0)                     m_ghostRecCnt = 0
29 m_tornBits = 0                       
30 
31 Allocation Status
32 
33 GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED                SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED               
34 PFS (1:8088) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED  50_PCT_FULL                      DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
35 ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED            
36 
37 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 11
38 
39 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
40 Memory Dump @0x0A16C060
41 
42 00000000:   10000800 01000000 0200fe†††††††††††††...........              
43 
44 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
45 
46 id = 1                               
47 NAME = [NULL]                        
48 
49 Slot 1 Offset 0x6b Length 17
50 
51 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS
52 
53 Memory Dump @0x0A16C06B
54 
55 00000000:   30000800 02000000 0200fc01 001100c4 †0...............         
56 00000010:   e3†††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††.                        
57 
58 Slot 1 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
59 
60 id = 2                               
61 
62 Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0xf Length 2
63 
64 NAME =65 
66 
67 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
View Code

 

 1 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 11
 2 
 3 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
 4 Memory Dump @0x0A16C060
 5 
 6 00000000:   10000800 01000000 0200fe†††††††††††††...........              
 7 
 8 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
 9 
10 id = 1                               
11 NAME = [NULL]                        
12 
13 Slot 1 Offset 0x6b Length 17
14 
15 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS
16 
17 Memory Dump @0x0A16C06B
18 
19 00000000:   30000800 02000000 0200fc01 001100c4 †0...............         
20 00000010:   e3†††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††.                        
21 
22 Slot 1 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
23 
24 id = 2                               
25 
26 Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0xf Length 2
27 
28 NAME =

我们看第一行记录长度11怎麽得出来的

SQL Server页中行物理存储里对数据行的各段进行了解释

2个字节行标头存储了状态A和状态B的信息(2 bytes row header)

2个字节存储固定长度大小,因为一行记录了有varchar这些不固定长度的数据类型(2 bytes for length of fixed length columns)

SQLSERVER需要知道int、datetime、decimal这些固定长度数据类型的大小

2个字节的列数,用来存储这个表一共有多少列(2 bytes for number of columns in the table)

1个字节的null bitmap,(1 byte for null bitmap)

4个字节存储int型数据(4 bytes for int (1st column))

2+2+2+1+4=11

换言之,第一行记录中name字段不占用任何空间,因为第一行记录中的name值为NULL

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

我们看第二行记录长度17怎麽得出来的

2个字节行标头存储了状态A和状态B的信息(2 bytes row header)

2个字节存储固定长度大小,因为一行记录了有varchar这些不固定长度的数据类型(2 bytes for length of fixed length columns)

SQLSERVER需要知道int、datetime、decimal这些固定长度数据类型的大小

2个字节的列数,用来存储这个表一共有多少列(2 bytes for number of columns in the table)

1个字节的null bitmap,(1 byte for null bitmap)

4个字节存储int型数据(4 bytes for int (1st column))

2个字节存储数据行中的可变长度列数量,统计数据行中一共有多少列是nvarchar ,varchar类型的列( 2 bytes for number of variable length columns in the table)

2个字节存储可变长度偏移阵列,可变长度偏移阵列的公式

2*表格中可变长度数据类型的列数量,这个表只有一列varchar,所以2*1=2,为什麽要有可变长度偏移阵列?我估计是因为可变长度的数据类型

存储的数据是不固定的,所以要预留一些位置,当update varchar值的时候有足够的位置(2 bytes for name column offset)

2个字节存储name列的值,为什麽用两个字节大家可以看一下char nchar varchar nvarchar的区别 2 bytes for name (你)

2+2+2+1+4+2+2+2=17

 

前11个字节跟第一行记录是一样的长度,关键在于后面的6个字节,在这6个字节中只有2个字节实际存储数据的

为什麽在第一行记录里没有这4个字节呢?

2个字节存储数据行中的可变长度列数量

2个字节存储可变长度偏移阵列

想法:

我估计是因为,第一行记录中没有一个可变长度数据类型的列是有数据的,全部都是NULL,

既然这样SQLSERVER就没有必要再用4个字节去存储2个字节存储数据行中的可变长度列数量和2个字节存储可变长度偏移阵列

我们来验证一下这个想法:

代码如下:

 1 USE [pratice]
 2 GO
 3 --
 4 CREATE TABLE testnullandnotnullvarchar(id INT ,NAME1 VARCHAR(20) NULL,NAME2 VARCHAR(20) NULL)
 5 GO
 6 
 7 --插入数据
 8 INSERT INTO [dbo].[testnullandnotnullvarchar] ( [id],[Name1],[NAME2] )
 9 SELECT 1 ,NULL,''
10 GO
11 
12 SELECT * FROM testnullandnotnullvarchar
13 -----------------------------------------------------------
14 --TRUNCATE TABLE DBCCResult
15 INSERT INTO DBCCResult EXEC ('DBCC IND(pratice,testnullandnotnullvarchar,-1) ')
16 
17 SELECT * FROM [dbo].[DBCCResult] ORDER BY [PageType] DESC 
18 
19 
20 DBCC TRACEON(3604,-1)
21 GO
22 DBCC PAGE([pratice],1,15656,3)
23 GO
View Code

数据页内容

 1 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
 2 
 3 PAGE: (1:15656)
 4 
 5 
 6 BUFFER:
 7 
 8 
 9 BUF @0x03D42838
10 
11 bpage = 0x196A6000                   bhash = 0x00000000                   bpageno = (1:15656)
12 bdbid = 5                            breferences = 0                      bUse1 = 32718
13 bstat = 0xc0000b                     blog = 0xbbbbbbbb                    bnext = 0x00000000
14 
15 PAGE HEADER:
16 
17 
18 Page @0x196A6000
19 
20 m_pageId = (1:15656)                 m_headerVersion = 1                  m_type = 1
21 m_typeFlagBits = 0x4                 m_level = 0                          m_flagBits = 0x8000
22 m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 531    m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256  
23 Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594072727552                                 
24 Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594060537856                                 Metadata: IndexId = 0
25 Metadata: ObjectId = 1383675977      m_prevPage = (0:0)                   m_nextPage = (0:0)
26 pminlen = 8                          m_slotCnt = 1                        m_freeCnt = 8075
27 m_freeData = 115                     m_reservedCnt = 0                    m_lsn = (3045:22996:18)
28 m_xactReserved = 0                   m_xdesId = (0:0)                     m_ghostRecCnt = 0
29 m_tornBits = 0                       
30 
31 Allocation Status
32 
33 GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED                SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED               
34 PFS (1:8088) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED  50_PCT_FULL                      DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
35 ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED            
36 
37 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 19
38 
39 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS
40 
41 Memory Dump @0x0855C060
42 
43 00000000:   30000800 01000000 0300fa02 001100130...............         
44 00000010:   00c4e3†††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††...                      
45 
46 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
47 
48 id = 1                               
49 NAME1 = [NULL]                       
50 
51 Slot 0 Column 2 Offset 0x11 Length 2
52 
53 NAME2 =54 
55 
56 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
View Code

我们看第一行记录长度19怎麽得出来的

2个字节行标头存储了状态A和状态B的信息

2个字节存储固定长度大小

2个字节的列数

1个字节的null bitmap

4个字节存储int型数据

2个字节存储数据行中的可变长度列数量

4个字节存储可变长度偏移阵列  2*2=4

2个字节存储name列的值

2+2+2+1+4+2+4+2=19

也就是说,一行记录中全部的可变长度数据列的数据全部为NULL,才不会有这4个字节

2个字节存储数据行中的可变长度列数量

2个字节存储可变长度偏移阵列

 

其实SQLSERVER也做了一下标记,区分开一行记录中全部的可变长度类型列的数据全部为NULL还是一些为NULL一些不为NULL,还是全部不为NULL

这里可以在行记录属性中看出,testnullvarchar表的第一行和第二行

第一行NULL_BITMAP表明一行记录中全部的可变长度类型列的数据全部为NULL

第二行NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS表明一些为NULL一些不为NULL或者全部不为NULL

小结:

VARCHAR类型NULL值不占用任何空间

 

 

testnotnullvarchar表

 1 --TRUNCATE TABLE DBCCResult
 2 INSERT INTO DBCCResult EXEC ('DBCC IND(pratice,testnotnullvarchar,-1) ')
 3 
 4 SELECT * FROM [dbo].[DBCCResult] ORDER BY [PageType] DESC 
 5 
 6 
 7 DBCC TRACEON(3604,-1)
 8 GO
 9 DBCC PAGE([pratice],1,14495,3)
10 GO
11 
12     
13 SELECT LEN(name) FROM testnotnullvarchar WHERE [id]=1
View Code

数据页内容

 1 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
 2 
 3 PAGE: (1:14495)
 4 
 5 
 6 BUFFER:
 7 
 8 
 9 BUF @0x03D4258C
10 
11 bpage = 0x196D2000                   bhash = 0x00000000                   bpageno = (1:14495)
12 bdbid = 5                            breferences = 0                      bUse1 = 38447
13 bstat = 0xc0000b                     blog = 0xbbbbbbbb                    bnext = 0x00000000
14 
15 PAGE HEADER:
16 
17 
18 Page @0x196D2000
19 
20 m_pageId = (1:14495)                 m_headerVersion = 1                  m_type = 1
21 m_typeFlagBits = 0x4                 m_level = 0                          m_flagBits = 0x8000
22 m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 532    m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256  
23 Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594072793088                                 
24 Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594060603392                                 Metadata: IndexId = 0
25 Metadata: ObjectId = 1399676034      m_prevPage = (0:0)                   m_nextPage = (0:0)
26 pminlen = 8                          m_slotCnt = 2                        m_freeCnt = 8064
27 m_freeData = 124                     m_reservedCnt = 0                    m_lsn = (3045:23036:20)
28 m_xactReserved = 0                   m_xdesId = (0:0)                     m_ghostRecCnt = 0
29 m_tornBits = 0                       
30 
31 Allocation Status
32 
33 GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED                SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED               
34 PFS (1:8088) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED  50_PCT_FULL                      DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
35 ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED            
36 
37 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 11
38 
39 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
40 Memory Dump @0x0855C060
41 
42 00000000:   10000800 01000000 0200fc†††††††††††††...........              
43 
44 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
45 
46 id = 1                               
47 NAME = [NULL]                        
48 
49 Slot 1 Offset 0x6b Length 17
50 
51 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS
52 
53 Memory Dump @0x0855C06B
54 
55 00000000:   30000800 02000000 0200fc01 001100c4 †0...............         
56 00000010:   e3†††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††.                        
57 
58 Slot 1 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
59 
60 id = 2                               
61 
62 Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0xf Length 2
63 
64 NAME =65 
66 
67 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
View Code
 1 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 11
 2 
 3 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
 4 Memory Dump @0x0855C060
 5 
 6 00000000:   10000800 01000000 0200fc†††††††††††††...........              
 7 
 8 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
 9 
10 id = 1                               
11 NAME = [NULL]                        
12 
13 Slot 1 Offset 0x6b Length 17
14 
15 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS
16 
17 Memory Dump @0x0855C06B
18 
19 00000000:   30000800 02000000 0200fc01 001100c4 †0...............         
20 00000010:   e3†††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††.                        
21 
22 Slot 1 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
23 
24 id = 2                               
25 
26 Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0xf Length 2
27 
28 NAME =

 

testnotnullvarchar表的数据页和testnullvarchar表的数据页对比一下

看到上面的对比图我也不再对testnotnullvarchar表做详细分析了

情况跟testnullvarchar表是一样的

只有一个地方不一样,就是LEN()函数

 

小结:

对于varchar数据类型,无论是空字符串还是NULL值都不占用任何空间

 


CHAR类型的情况

testnullchar表

 1 --TRUNCATE TABLE DBCCResult
 2 INSERT INTO DBCCResult EXEC ('DBCC IND(pratice,testnullchar,-1) ')
 3 
 4 SELECT * FROM [dbo].[DBCCResult] ORDER BY [PageType] DESC 
 5 
 6 
 7 DBCC TRACEON(3604,-1)
 8 GO
 9 DBCC PAGE([pratice],1,8353,3)
10 GO
11 
12 
13 
14 SELECT LEN(name) FROM testnullchar WHERE [id]=1
View Code

数据页内容

 1 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
 2 
 3 PAGE: (1:8353)
 4 
 5 
 6 BUFFER:
 7 
 8 
 9 BUF @0x03CF68D0
10 
11 bpage = 0x16FA8000                   bhash = 0x00000000                   bpageno = (1:8353)
12 bdbid = 5                            breferences = 0                      bUse1 = 39861
13 bstat = 0x2c0000b                    blog = 0x59bbbbbb                    bnext = 0x00000000
14 
15 PAGE HEADER:
16 
17 
18 Page @0x16FA8000
19 
20 m_pageId = (1:8353)                  m_headerVersion = 1                  m_type = 1
21 m_typeFlagBits = 0x4                 m_level = 0                          m_flagBits = 0x8000
22 m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 533    m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256  
23 Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594072858624                                 
24 Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594060668928                                 Metadata: IndexId = 0
25 Metadata: ObjectId = 1415676091      m_prevPage = (0:0)                   m_nextPage = (0:0)
26 pminlen = 28                         m_slotCnt = 2                        m_freeCnt = 8030
27 m_freeData = 158                     m_reservedCnt = 0                    m_lsn = (3045:23074:20)
28 m_xactReserved = 0                   m_xdesId = (0:0)                     m_ghostRecCnt = 0
29 m_tornBits = 0                       
30 
31 Allocation Status
32 
33 GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED                SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED               
34 PFS (1:8088) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED  50_PCT_FULL                      DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
35 ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED            
36 
37 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 31
38 
39 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
40 Memory Dump @0x0A27C060
41 
42 00000000:   10001c00 01000000 00000000 00000000 †................         
43 00000010:   00000000 00000000 00000000 0200fe††††...............          
44 
45 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
46 
47 id = 1                               
48 NAME = [NULL]                        
49 
50 Slot 1 Offset 0x7f Length 31
51 
52 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
53 Memory Dump @0x0A27C07F
54 
55 00000000:   10001c00 02000000 c4e32020 20202020 †..........               
56 00000010:   20202020 20202020 20202020 0200fc††††            ...          
57 
58 Slot 1 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
59 
60 id = 2                               
61 
62 Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0x8 Length 20
63 
64 NAME =65 
66 
67 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
View Code
 1 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 31
 2 
 3 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
 4 Memory Dump @0x0A27C060
 5 
 6 00000000:   10001c00 01000000 00000000 00000000 †................         
 7 00000010:   00000000 00000000 00000000 0200fe††††...............          
 8 
 9 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
10 
11 id = 1                               
12 NAME = [NULL]                        
13 
14 Slot 1 Offset 0x7f Length 31
15 
16 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
17 Memory Dump @0x0A27C07F
18 
19 00000000:   10001c00 02000000 c4e32020 20202020 †..........               
20 00000010:   20202020 20202020 20202020 0200fc††††            ...          
21 
22 Slot 1 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
23 
24 id = 2                               
25 
26 Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0x8 Length 20
27 
28 NAME =

 

我们看第一行记录长度31怎麽得出来的

2个字节行标头存储了状态A和状态B的信息(2 bytes row header)

2个字节存储固定长度大小,因为一行记录了有varchar这些不固定长度的数据类型(2 bytes for length of fixed length columns)

4个字节存储int型数据(4 bytes for int (1st column))

2个字节的列数,用来存储这个表一共有多少列(2 bytes for number of columns in the table)

1个字节的null bitmap,(1 byte for null bitmap)

20个字节存储name列的值,为什麽用20个字节大家可以看一下char nchar varchar nvarchar的区别  20 bytes for char(20) (2nd column)

2+2+4+2+1+20=31

换言之,第一行记录中name字段是否为NULL,都占用20个字节的空间

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

我们看第二行记录长度31怎麽得出来的

实际上第二行记录和第一行记录是一样的,只不过第二行记录里的name列存储了实际的值“”,

而不管存储的值大小如何都占用20个字节

2个字节行标头存储了状态A和状态B的信息(2 bytes row header)

2个字节存储固定长度大小,因为一行记录了有varchar这些不固定长度的数据类型(2 bytes for length of fixed length columns)

4个字节存储int型数据(4 bytes for int (1st column))

2个字节的列数,用来存储这个表一共有多少列(2 bytes for number of columns in the table)

1个字节的null bitmap,(1 byte for null bitmap)

20个字节存储name列的值,为什麽用20个字节大家可以看一下char nchar varchar nvarchar的区别 20 bytes for char(20) (2nd column)

2+2+4+2+1+20=31

 

小结:

CHAR类型NULL值会占用空间,所占用空间大小取决于建表时候指定的char数据类型的大小

例如:

1 --允许空,char类型
2 CREATE TABLE testnullchar(id INT,NAME CHAR(20) NULL)
3 GO

指定char为20,那么就占用20个字节的空间

 

testnotnullchar表

 1 --TRUNCATE TABLE DBCCResult
 2 INSERT INTO DBCCResult EXEC ('DBCC IND(pratice,testnotnullchar,-1) ')
 3 
 4 SELECT * FROM [dbo].[DBCCResult] ORDER BY [PageType] DESC 
 5 
 6 
 7 DBCC TRACEON(3604,-1)
 8 GO
 9 DBCC PAGE([pratice],1,37266,3)
10 GO
11 
12 
13 
14 SELECT LEN(name) FROM testnotnullchar WHERE [id]=1
View Code

数据页内容

 1 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
 2 
 3 PAGE: (1:37266)
 4 
 5 
 6 BUFFER:
 7 
 8 
 9 BUF @0x03D669F0
10 
11 bpage = 0x1A500000                   bhash = 0x00000000                   bpageno = (1:37266)
12 bdbid = 5                            breferences = 0                      bUse1 = 42107
13 bstat = 0xc0000b                     blog = 0x9bbbbbbb                    bnext = 0x00000000
14 
15 PAGE HEADER:
16 
17 
18 Page @0x1A500000
19 
20 m_pageId = (1:37266)                 m_headerVersion = 1                  m_type = 1
21 m_typeFlagBits = 0x4                 m_level = 0                          m_flagBits = 0x8000
22 m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 534    m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256  
23 Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594072924160                                 
24 Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594060734464                                 Metadata: IndexId = 0
25 Metadata: ObjectId = 1431676148      m_prevPage = (0:0)                   m_nextPage = (0:0)
26 pminlen = 28                         m_slotCnt = 2                        m_freeCnt = 8030
27 m_freeData = 158                     m_reservedCnt = 0                    m_lsn = (3045:23137:20)
28 m_xactReserved = 0                   m_xdesId = (0:0)                     m_ghostRecCnt = 0
29 m_tornBits = 0                       
30 
31 Allocation Status
32 
33 GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED                SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED               
34 PFS (1:32352) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED  50_PCT_FULL                     DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
35 ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED            
36 
37 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 31
38 
39 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
40 Memory Dump @0x0A01C060
41 
42 00000000:   10001c00 01000000 20202020 20202020 †........                 
43 00000010:   20202020 20202020 20202020 0200fc††††            ...          
44 
45 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
46 
47 id = 1                               
48 
49 Slot 0 Column 1 Offset 0x8 Length 20
50 
51 NAME =                               
52 
53 Slot 1 Offset 0x7f Length 31
54 
55 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
56 Memory Dump @0x0A01C07F
57 
58 00000000:   10001c00 02000000 c4e32020 20202020 †..........               
59 00000010:   20202020 20202020 20202020 0200fc††††            ...          
60 
61 Slot 1 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
62 
63 id = 2                               
64 
65 Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0x8 Length 20
66 
67 NAME =68 
69 
70 DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。
View Code
 1 Slot 0 Offset 0x60 Length 31
 2 
 3 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
 4 Memory Dump @0x0A01C060
 5 
 6 00000000:   10001c00 01000000 20202020 20202020 †........                 
 7 00000010:   20202020 20202020 20202020 0200fc††††            ...          
 8 
 9 Slot 0 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
10 
11 id = 1                               
12 
13 Slot 0 Column 1 Offset 0x8 Length 20
14 
15 NAME =                               
16 
17 Slot 1 Offset 0x7f Length 31
18 
19 Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD         Record Attributes =  NULL_BITMAP     
20 Memory Dump @0x0A01C07F
21 
22 00000000:   10001c00 02000000 c4e32020 20202020 †..........               
23 00000010:   20202020 20202020 20202020 0200fc††††            ...          
24 
25 Slot 1 Column 0 Offset 0x4 Length 4
26 
27 id = 2                               
28 
29 Slot 1 Column 1 Offset 0x8 Length 20
30 
31 NAME =

 testnotnullchar表的数据页和testnullchar表的数据页对比一下

 

看到上面的对比图我也不再对testnotnullchar表做详细分析了

情况跟testnullchar表是一样的

只有两个地方不一样,testnotnullchar表的第一行记录的name字段存储的是空字符串

而testnullchar表的第一行记录的name字段存储的是NULL

不过无论是空字符串还是NULL都占用了31个字节

LEN()函数返回的值不一样,这里跟varchar类型的情况也是一样的

varchar类型不一样的是,testnotnullchar表的第一行记录的name字段存储的是空字符串,而testnullchar表的第一行记录的name字段存储的是NULL

varchar情况,testnotnullvarchar表和testnullvarchar表的第一行记录的name字段存储的都是NULL

而奇怪的是testnotnullvarchar表返回的不是NULL值,而是空字符串

小结:

对于char数据类型,无论是空字符串还是NULL值都占用空间,所占用空间大小取决于建表时候指定的char数据类型的大小

例如:

1 --允许空,char类型
2 CREATE TABLE testnullchar(id INT,NAME CHAR(20) NULL)
3 GO

指定char为20,那么就占用20个字节的空间

 


总结

对于varchar数据类型,无论是空字符串还是NULL值都不占用任何空间

对于char数据类型,无论是空字符串还是NULL值都占用空间,所占用空间大小取决于建表时候指定的char数据类型的大小

 

从上面的实验来看,是否节省空间是根据数据类型来决定的而不是是否是NULL还是空字符串

撇开数据类型来比较是没有意义的,就像DATETIME数据类型的数据列填入NULL值和VARCHAR数据类型的数据列填入NULL值,

两个NULL值进行比较,哪一个大?如果不对两种数据类型进行分析,单独比较这两个NULL值,这种比较是没有意义的

而且也不平等,因为这两种数据类型一点关系都没有,一个datetime类型,一个是varchar类型

而char和varchar也是一样

只有同一种数据类型的比较才有意义,就像同样都是varchar数据类型,空字符串和NULL值进行比较

同样都是char数据类型,空字符串和NULL值进行比较

所以平时要对SQLSERVER中的数据类型要有一定认识,才能对系统中的表空间的使用情况有大概的掌握

 

如有不对的地方,欢迎大家拍砖o(∩_∩)o

posted @ 2013-09-14 22:39  桦仔  阅读(25480)  评论(5编辑  收藏  举报