9、springmvc的自动配置
1、springmvc的自动配置
文档:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.1.1.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-spring-mvc
WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java
Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC 以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration) * 1、Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans. * 自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?)) * ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的; * 如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
* 2、Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
* 3、Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
* 4、Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
* 5、自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans. * Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter * Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date; @Bean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format") //在文件中配置日期格式化的规则 public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() { return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件 } 自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
* 6、Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below). * HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User---Json; * HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter; 自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)
* 7、Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则
* 8、Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below). 我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器) 初始化WebDataBinder; 请求数据=====JavaBean; org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景; If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components. If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.
2、扩展springmvc
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/> <bean></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration
(interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of
RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components. If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own
@Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.
编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型(springboot2.0之后只需要实现WebMvcConfigurer接口就行了);
不能标注@EnableWebMvc;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class mvc implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//super.addViewControllers(registry);
///th是请求url
registry.addViewController("/th").setViewName("th");
}
}
原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@Configuration public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration { private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite(); //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer @Autowired(required = false) public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers); //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用; @Override // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) { // delegate.addViewControllers(registry); // } } } }
3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
3、全面接管SpringMVC(不建议使用)
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可,SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了,所有都是我们自己配置;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能 @Configurationpublic class mvc implements WebMvcConfigurer
{ @Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//super.addViewControllers(registry);
///th是请求url
registry.addViewController("/th").setViewName("th");
}
}
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了:
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
EnableWebMvc 导入了DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)
DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 是WebMvcConfigurationSupport的子类
@Configuration public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)
容器中有WebMvcConfigurationSupport这个组件的时候,springboot中对springmvc的自动配置就失效
@Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class }) // 容器中没有WebMvcConfiggurationSupport这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
如何修改springboot的默认配置
1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)
如果有就用用户配置的,
如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;
2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置