Space Replacement
Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with %20. The string is given in a characters array, you can assume it has enough space for replacement and you are given the true length of the string. Example Given "Mr John Smith", length = 13. The string after replacement should be "Mr%20John%20Smith". Note If you are using Java or Python,please use characters array instead of string. Challenge Do it in-place.
题解
根据题意,给定的输入数组长度足够长,将空格替换为%20
后也不会溢出。通常的思维为从前向后遍历,遇到空格即将%20
插入到新数组中,这种方法在生成新数组时很直观,但要求原地替换时就不方便了,这时可联想到插入排序的做法——从后往前遍历,空格处标记下就好了。由于不知道新数组的长度,故首先需要遍历一次原数组,字符串类题中常用方法。
需要注意的是这个题并未说明多个空格如何处理,如果多个连续空格也当做一个空格时稍有不同。
JAVA:
public class Solution { /** * @param string: An array of Char * @param length: The true length of the string * @return: The true length of new string */ public int replaceBlank(char[] string, int length) { if (string == null) return 0; int space = 0; for (char c : string) { if (c == ' ') space++; } int r = length + 2 * space - 1; for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (string[i] != ' ') { string[r] = string[i]; r--; } else { string[r--] = '0'; string[r--] = '2'; string[r--] = '%'; } } return length + 2 * space; } }
源码分析
先遍历一遍求得空格数,得到『新数组』的实际长度,从后往前遍历。
复杂度分析
遍历两次原数组,时间复杂度近似为 O(n), 使用了r
作为标记,空间复杂度 O(1).