位域-isa指针

一、isa指针结构

union isa_t 
{
    isa_t() { }
    isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }

    Class cls;
    uintptr_t bits;

#if SUPPORT_PACKED_ISA

    // extra_rc must be the MSB-most field (so it matches carry/overflow flags)
    // nonpointer must be the LSB (fixme or get rid of it)
    // shiftcls must occupy the same bits that a real class pointer would
    // bits + RC_ONE is equivalent to extra_rc + 1
    // RC_HALF is the high bit of extra_rc (i.e. half of its range)

    // future expansion:
    // uintptr_t fast_rr : 1;     // no r/r overrides
    // uintptr_t lock : 2;        // lock for atomic property, @synch
    // uintptr_t extraBytes : 1;  // allocated with extra bytes

# if __arm64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x000003f000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
    struct {
        uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;
        uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;
        uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;
        uintptr_t shiftcls          : 33; // MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000
        uintptr_t magic             : 6;
        uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
        uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;
        uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;
        uintptr_t extra_rc          : 19;
#       define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<45)
#       define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<18)
    };

# elif __x86_64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x001f800000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001d800000000001ULL
    struct {
        uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;
        uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;
        uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;
        uintptr_t shiftcls          : 44; // MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000
        uintptr_t magic             : 6;
        uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
        uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;
        uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;
        uintptr_t extra_rc          : 8;
#       define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<56)
#       define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<7)
    };

# else
#   error unknown architecture for packed isa
# endif

// SUPPORT_PACKED_ISA
#endif


#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA

# if  __ARM_ARCH_7K__ >= 2

#   define ISA_INDEX_IS_NPI      1
#   define ISA_INDEX_MASK        0x0001FFFC
#   define ISA_INDEX_SHIFT       2
#   define ISA_INDEX_BITS        15
#   define ISA_INDEX_COUNT       (1 << ISA_INDEX_BITS)
#   define ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_MASK  0x001E0001
#   define ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001C0001
    struct {
        uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;
        uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;
        uintptr_t indexcls          : 15;
        uintptr_t magic             : 4;
        uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;
        uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
        uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;
        uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;
        uintptr_t extra_rc          : 7;
#       define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<25)
#       define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<6)
    };

# else
#   error unknown architecture for indexed isa
# endif

// SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
#endif

};

分析:

1.我们知道,实例对象的isa指针指向该对象所属类的类对象;类对象的isa指向其元类对象;

2.真机为arm64架构,模拟器和mac电脑为x86架架构,以下以arm64为例讲解;

3.在64位系统下,指针所占字节为8个即64位;

4.在arm64之前,isa就是一个普通的指针,存放着类(元类)对象的地址;之后,则需要&

ISA_MASK掩码,才能获取到类(元类)对象的地址,此时isa指针为一个共用体,存储的信息不局限于类(元类)对象的地址;

5.存储信息介绍:

 

其中,shiftcls结构体成员变量(33位)用来存储类(元类)对象的地址;

 

二、类(元类)对象的地址取值原理——位域

1.结构体支持位域运算

//代码

struct bs {
    unsigned a : 9;//如果超过位域范围(511),则只取范围内的值,其他位(高位)丢弃
    unsigned b : 4;
    unsigned c : 3;
}bit, *pbit;

void test1()
{
    bit.a = 512;//超过位域范围报警告
    bit.b = 10;
    bit.c = 7;
    NSLog(@"%d,%d,%d\n", bit.a, bit.b, bit.c);
    
    pbit=&bit;
    pbit-> a=0;
    pbit-> b&=3;
    pbit-> c|=1;
    printf("%d,%d,%d\n ",pbit-> a,pbit-> b,pbit-> c);
}

 

 

 

//输出

2019-10-08 18:22:37.051464+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[1966:248996] 0,10,7
0,2,7
 Program ended with exit code: 0

//分析

1)unsigned即无符号整型,占4个字节;结构体中成员变量所占内存相互独立且连续;

2)以a为例,所占位数为9位即0b111111111(十进制511),所以a的取值范围0~511,如果是512(二进制0b1000000000),由于只取低9位(000000000),所以取出值为0;

3)按位与&:两个都为1运算结果为1,否则为0;按位或|:两个都为0运算结果为0,否则为1;

2.参照isa,共用体套用结构体,一个char字符(一个字节)存储多个BOOL值并制定存储位置

 

2.设置类属性BOOL值(setter and getter)

//Person

#import "Person.h"

//mask即掩码,表示二进制数(0b开头)
#define TallMask (1<<0)      //表示1左移0位:0b 0000 0001
#define RichMask (1<<1)      //表示1左移1位:0b 0000 0010
#define HandsomeMask (1<<2)  //表示1左移2位:0b 0000 0100

//拓展:10<<3即在10对应的二进制数后添加3个0

@interface Person()
{
    char _saveBox;
}

@end

@implementation Person

- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        //用一个字节来存储三个变量:从最右往左依次为Tall、Rich、Handsome
        _saveBox = 0b00000101;
    }
    return self;
}

/*思路
 0000 0101(_saveBox)
|0000 0001(掩码)
 ---------
 0000 0001(赋值tall为1)
 
 0000 0101
&1111 1110(掩码取反)
 ---------
 0000 0100(赋值tall为0)
 
 1.如果赋的值为1,则按位或;
 2.如果赋的值为0,则掩码先取反,后按位与;
 */
- (void)setTall:(BOOL)tall
{
    if (tall) {
        _saveBox |= TallMask;
    } else {
        _saveBox &= ~TallMask;
    }
}

- (void)setRich:(BOOL)rich
{
    if (rich) {
        _saveBox |= RichMask;
    } else {
        _saveBox &= ~RichMask;
    }
}

- (void)setHandsome:(BOOL)handsome
{
    if (handsome) {
        _saveBox |= HandsomeMask;
    } else {
        _saveBox &= ~HandsomeMask;
    }
}

/*思路
 0000 0101
&0000 0001
 ---------
 0000 0001(取出tall值)
 
 1.按位与,用掩码取出_saveBox中特定位;
 2.结果>=1,取反为0,再取反为1;同理,为0则双取反后为0;
 */
- (BOOL)isTall
{
    return !!(_saveBox & TallMask);
}

- (BOOL)isRich
{
    return !!(_saveBox & RichMask);
}

- (BOOL)isHandsome
{
    return !!(_saveBox & HandsomeMask);
}

@end

 

//Student

#import "Student.h"

@interface Student()
{
    /*思路
     1.用一个结构体来存放变量;
     2.结构体支持位域:按先后顺序,一个char字符一个字节(0b0000 0000),从最右至左依次为tall、rich、handsome;
     */
    struct {
        char tall : 1;//用一位来存储
        char rich : 1;
        char handsome : 1;
    }_tallRichHandsome;
}

@end

@implementation Student

- (void)setTall:(BOOL)tall
{
    _tallRichHandsome.tall = tall;
}

- (void)setRich:(BOOL)rich
{
    _tallRichHandsome.rich = rich;
}

- (void)setHandsome:(BOOL)handsome
{
    _tallRichHandsome.handsome = handsome;
}

- (BOOL)isTall
{
    return !!_tallRichHandsome.tall;//非0(包括负数)取反为0
}

- (BOOL)isRich
{
    return !!_tallRichHandsome.rich;
}

- (BOOL)isHandsome
{
    return !!_tallRichHandsome.handsome;
}

@end

 

//Worker

#import "Worker.h"

#define TallMask (1<<0)//也可以左移6位,剩余位没用到
#define RichMask (1<<1)
#define HandsomeMask (1<<2)
#define ThinMask (1<<3)

@interface  Worker()
{
    //苹果系统设计思路
    union {
        char bits;//一个字节存储结构体中的所有成员变量
        struct {//摆设用:位域,增加可读性
            char tall : 1;//占一位
            char rich : 1;
            char handsome : 1;
            char thin : 1;
        };
    }_tallRichHandsome;
}

@end

@implementation Worker

- (void)setTall:(BOOL)tall
{
    if (tall) {
        NSLog(@"----%c", _tallRichHandsome.bits);
        _tallRichHandsome.bits |= TallMask;
    } else {
        _tallRichHandsome.bits &= ~TallMask;
    }
}

- (void)setRich:(BOOL)rich
{
    if (rich) {
        _tallRichHandsome.bits |= RichMask;
    } else {
        _tallRichHandsome.bits &= ~RichMask;
    }
}

- (void)setHandsome:(BOOL)handsome
{
    if (handsome) {
        _tallRichHandsome.bits |= HandsomeMask;
    } else {
        _tallRichHandsome.bits &= ~HandsomeMask;
    }
}

- (void)setThin:(BOOL)thin
{
    if (thin) {
        _tallRichHandsome.bits |= ThinMask;
    } else {
        _tallRichHandsome.bits &= ~ThinMask;
    }
}

- (BOOL)isTall
{
    return !!(_tallRichHandsome.bits & TallMask);
}

- (BOOL)isRich
{
    return !!(_tallRichHandsome.bits & RichMask);
}

- (BOOL)isHandsome
{
    return !!(_tallRichHandsome.bits & HandsomeMask);
}

- (BOOL)isThin
{
    return !!(_tallRichHandsome.bits & ThinMask);
}

@end

 

//main

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
#import "Student.h"
#import "Worker.h"
#import "Engineer.h"

struct bs {
    unsigned a : 9;//如果超过位域范围(511),则只取范围内的值,其他位(高位)丢弃
    unsigned b : 4;
    unsigned c : 3;
}bit, *pbit;

void test1()
{
    bit.a = 512;//超过位域范围报警告
    bit.b = 10;
    bit.c = 7;
    NSLog(@"%d,%d,%d\n", bit.a, bit.b, bit.c);
    
    pbit=&bit;
    pbit-> a=0;
    pbit-> b&=3;
    pbit-> c|=1;
    printf("%d,%d,%d\n ",pbit-> a,pbit-> b,pbit-> c);
}

void test2()
{
    Person *per = [[Person alloc] init];
    per.tall = NO;
    per.rich = NO;
    per.handsome = YES;
    NSLog(@"%d %d %d", per.isTall, per.isRich, per.isHandsome);
}

void test3()
{
    Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
    stu.tall = YES;
    stu.rich = NO;
    stu.handsome = YES;
    NSLog(@"%d %d %d", stu.isTall, stu.isRich, stu.isHandsome);
}

void test4()
{
    Worker *worker = [[Worker alloc] init];
//    worker.tall = YES;
    worker.rich = NO;
    worker.handsome = NO;
    worker.thin = YES;
    NSLog(@"%d %d %d", worker.isThin, worker.isRich, worker.isHandsome);
}

void test5()
{
    Engineer *engineer = [[Engineer alloc] init];
//    engineer.age = 12;
//    engineer.level = 6;
//    engineer.workers = 5;
    
    //0b 1111 1111 1111 1111(十进制:65535)
    //0b 0010 1100 1110 1101(十进制:11501)
    engineer->_personalInfo.bits =11501;
    NSLog(@"%d %d %d", engineer.getAge, engineer.getLevel, engineer.getWorkers);
    //2019-10-08 16:42:09.612140+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[1488:127227] 7 16 8160
    //
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        
        test1();
//        test2();
//        test3();
//        test4();
//        test5();
    }
    return 0;
}

 

//打印

2019-10-09 10:42:04.998750+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[2513:316066] 0 0 1
2019-10-09 10:42:04.999093+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[2513:316066] 1 0 1
2019-10-09 10:42:04.999122+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[2513:316066] 1 0 0
Program ended with exit code: 0

//分析(以Worker为例)

1)共用体中所有成员共同占用一块内存区,其大小等于最大那个成员所占字节数;

2)Worker中的结构体并为定义变量,编译器不会计算其内存,仅是增加可读性;

3)Worker中只有一个char型变量bits(占一个字节),故该共用体变量_tallRichHandsome也占一个字节;

4)结构体的位域限制变量的取值范围(一位:即0或1),mask掩码规定该变量存储的位置(在哪一位上);

 

3.设置类属性非BOOL类型(setter and getter)——限定变量值范围且指定存储位置

//Engineer

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

//位域位置(变量值存储位置)
#define AgeMask 0b00000111//最低三位存储
#define LevelMask (1<<4)//低位往高位数,第5位存储
#define WorkersMask 0b0001111111100000

@interface Engineer : NSObject
{
    @public
    union {
        int bits;
        struct {//位域范围(变量值范围)
            int age : 3;
            int level : 1;
            int workers : 8;
        };
    }_personalInfo;
}

//- (void)setAge:(int)age;
//- (void)setLevel:(int)level;
//- (void)setWorkers:(int)workers;

- (int)getAge;
- (int)getLevel;
- (int)getWorkers;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END



#import "Engineer.h"

@implementation Engineer

//- (void)setAge:(int)age
//{
//    self->_personalInfo.bits |= AgeMask;
//}
//
//- (void)setLevel:(int)level
//{
//    self->_personalInfo.bits |= LevelMask;
//}
//
//- (void)setWorkers:(int)workers
//{
//    self->_personalInfo.bits |= WorkersMask;
//}

- (int)getAge
{
    return self->_personalInfo.bits & AgeMask;
}

- (int)getLevel
{
     return self->_personalInfo.bits & LevelMask;
}

- (int)getWorkers
{
     return self->_personalInfo.bits & WorkersMask;
}

@end

//打印

2019-10-09 11:08:14.617655+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[2630:349068] 5 0 3296
Program ended with exit code: 0

//说明

1)掩码mask既可以直接用二进制(0b开头)或十六进制(0x开头)表示,也可以左移符号<<表示(一般用于位域为1的情况);

2)掩码表示所占位数:1表示占住该位,0未占;并且所占位数应当是连续的,不存在两侧为1,中间为0的情况;

 

三、按位或(叠加)

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, UIViewAutoresizing) {
    UIViewAutoresizingNone                 = 0,
    UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleLeftMargin   = 1 << 0,
    UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth        = 1 << 1,
    UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleRightMargin  = 1 << 2,
    UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleTopMargin    = 1 << 3,
    UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight       = 1 << 4,
    UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleBottomMargin = 1 << 5
};


self.view.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleRightMargin;

1.分析:在iOS中,对view的自动布局经常会用到上述代码,苹果的做法是定义个枚举且每种类型都只占不同的一个二进制位,按位或相当于设定的场景都要考虑到;

2.如下代码:

typedef enum{
    YBOptionTypeNone = 0,   //0b0000
    YBOptionTypeOne = 1<<0, //0b0001
    YBOptionTypeTwo = 1<<1, //0b0010
    YBOptionTypeThree = 1<<2, //0b0100
    YBOptionTypeFour = 1<<3  //0b1000
}YBOptionType;

void test6(YBOptionType option)
{
    /*按位或叠加(包含多种情况),按位与取出(获得特定情况)
     0b0001
     0b0100
   | 0b1000
  ----------
     0b1101
   & 0b0100
  ----------
     0b0100
     */
    if (option & YBOptionTypeOne) {
        NSLog(@"contain YBOptionTypeOne");
    }
    
    if (option & YBOptionTypeTwo) {
        NSLog(@"contain YBOptionTypeTwo");
    }
    
    if (option & YBOptionTypeThree) {
        NSLog(@"contain YBOptionTypeThree");
    }
    
    if (option & YBOptionTypeFour) {
        NSLog(@"contain YBOptionTypeFour");
    }
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        
//        test1();
//        test2();
//        test3();
//        test4();
//        test5();
        test6(YBOptionTypeOne | YBOptionTypeThree | YBOptionTypeFour);
    }
    return 0;
}

//打印

2019-10-22 21:55:17.154998+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[996:46994] contain YBOptionTypeOne
2019-10-22 21:55:17.155318+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[996:46994] contain YBOptionTypeThree
2019-10-22 21:55:17.155332+0800 SetAndGetsForMask[996:46994] contain YBOptionTypeFour
Program ended with exit code: 0

 

四、结论

1.arm64之后,isa是一个共用体类型的指针,存储内部套用的结构体中的所有成员变量;

2.根据结构体的位域来限制成员变量的值范围,用掩码来规定成员变量存储的位置,对掩码按位与运算取出特定位置的成员变量的值;

如:用bits对ISA_MASK按位与运算后,得到的是类(元类)对象的地址;

 

可以看到shiftcls成员变量位域为33位,所占bits变量的存储位置为:地位到高位第四位起,最低三位是空出来的

————因此,在arm64架构中,所有的类和元类对象地址二进制表示时最低三位都为0,十六进制表示时最低一位为0或8(这个用class和object_getClass去打印地址,此处不再展示了)!

3.按位与作用为在集合中取出某个特定值,按位或则将若干个特定值集合到一个值中(即所有设定场景都要考虑到);

 

拓展:

//代码

 

 

//计算器演示

//分析

1.模拟器为x86_64架构,64位指针占八个字节;在结构体中,自上而下的变量在isa中的存储位置为从低位到高位即计算器中下到上、左到右——这点应该没问题;

2.per实例对象曾经被弱指针指向过(现在释放了),且曾经关联过对象(现在置空),而对应的位为1即表示确实曾经被弱指针指向过(如果没有则会为0),曾经关联过对象;所以

has_assoc和weakly_referenced分别表示对象曾经被弱指针指向过和曾经关联过对象——其他变量分析以此类推;

 

GitHub

 

posted @ 2019-10-09 14:14  春天里的花骨朵  阅读(515)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报