Docker容器dockerfile镜像实战案例

一、构建SSH镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

1. mkdir /opt/sshd
2. cd /opt/sshd

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

1. vim Dockerfile
2. #第一行必须指明基于的基础镜像
3. FROM centos:7
4. #作者信息
5. MAINTAINER this is ssh image <clj>
6. #镜像的操作指令
7. RUN yum -y update
8. RUN yum -y install openssh* net-tools lsof telnet passwd #安装一些需要的程序
9. RUN echo 'abc1234' | passwd --stdin root #修改root密码
10. RUN sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config #不使用PAM认证
11. RUN sed -ri '/^session\s+required\s+pam_loginuid.so/s/^/#/' /etc/pam.d/sshd #取消pam限制
12. RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -A #生成密钥认证文件
13. RUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh && chown root.root /root && chmod 700 /root/.ssh #
14. EXPOSE 22 #开启22号端口
15. CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd" , "-D"]

③ 生成镜像

1. docker build -t sshd:centos .

④ 启动容器并修改root密码

1. docker run -d -P sshd:centos
2. docker ps -a
3. ssh localhost -p 49155

二、构建Systemctl镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

1. mkdir /opt/systemctl
2. cd /opt/systemctl
② 创建编写dockerfile文件

1. vim Dockerfile

2. FROM sshd:centos
3. MAINTAINER this is systemctl image <clj>
4. ENV container docker
5. #除了systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service，删除其它所有文件
6. RUN (cd /lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/; for i in *; do [ $i == systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service ] || rm -f $i; done); \
7. rm -f /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/*; \
8. rm -f /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/*; \
9. rm -f /lib/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/*; \
10. rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*udev*; \
11. rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*initctl*; \
12. rm -f /lib/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/*;\
13. rm -f /lib/systemd/system/anaconda.target.wants/*;
14. VOLUME [ "/sys/fs/cgroup" ]
15. #CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
③ 生成镜像

1. docker build -t systemd:centos .

2. //启动容器，并挂载宿主机目录挂载到容器中，和进行初始化
3. docker run --privileged -it -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro systemd:centos /sbin/init &
4. #--privileged：使container内的root拥有真正的root权限。否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限。

5. docker ps -a

④ 进入容器

1. docker exec -it a0d624d2bfa9 bash

2. systemctl status sshd

3. 方法二：
4. docker run -d -P --privileged sshd:centos /usr/sbin/init &

三、构建nginx镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

1. mkdir /opt/nginx

2. cd /opt/nginx/

3. cp /opt/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /opt/nginx

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

1. vim Dockerfile

2. #基于基础镜像
3. FROM centos:7
4. #用户信息
5. MAINTAINER this is nginx image <clj>
6. #添加环境包
7. RUN yum -y update
8. RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
9. RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
10. #上传nginx软件压缩包，并解压

11. ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
12. #指定工作目录
13. WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0
14. RUN ./configure \
15. --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
16. --user=nginx \
17. --group=nginx \
18. --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
19. ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
20. #指定http和https端口
21. EXPOSE 80
22. EXPOSE 443
23. RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #关闭 nginx 在后台运行
24. #添加宿主机中run.sh到容器中
25. ADD run.sh /run.sh
26. RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
27. CMD ["/run.sh"]

③ 编写脚本

vim run.sh

#!/bin/bash

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

④ 生成镜像

1. //创建新镜像
2. docker build -t nginx:centos .

3. docker run -d -P nginx:centos #由于dockerfile将nginx设为前台启动，所以这里不需要加命令

4. docker ps -a
5. 5df9e4383b96 nginx:centos "/run.sh" 15 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32768->443/tcp silly_davinci
⑤ 浏览器访问测试

1. http://192.168.80.10:32769

四、构建tomcat 镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

1. mkdir /opt/tomcat

2. cd /opt/tomcat

3. cp /opt/jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /opt/tomcat

4. cp /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz /opt/tomcat

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

1. vim Dockerfile

2. FROM centos:7
3. MAINTAINER this is tomcat image <clj>
4. ADD jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
5. WORKDIR /usr/local/
6. RUN mv jdk1.8.0_91 /usr/local/java
7. ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java
8. ENV JRE_HOME ${JAVA_HOME}/jre
9. ENV CLASSPATH .:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
10. ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
11. ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz /usr/local/
12. WORKDIR /usr/local/
13. RUN mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16 /usr/local/tomcat
14. EXPOSE 8080
15. #CMD ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
16. ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

③ 生成镜像

docker build -t tomcat:centos .

docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 1216:8080 tomcat:centos

④ 浏览器访问测试

http://192.168.80.10:1216

五、构建mysql镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

mkdir /opt/mysqld

cd /opt/mysqld

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

1. vim Dockerfile

2. FROM centos:7
3. MAINTAINER this is mysql image <clj>
4. RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make
5. RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
6. ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
7. WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
8. RUN cmake \
9. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
10. -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
11. -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
12. -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
13. -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
14. -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
15. -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
16. -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
17. -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
18. -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
19. -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
20. -DWITH_BOOST=boost \
21. -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 && make && make install
22. RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
23. RUN rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
24. ADD my.cnf /etc/
25. RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
26. ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
27. WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/
28. RUN bin/mysqld \
29. --initialize-insecure \
30. --user=mysql \
31. --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
32. --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
33. RUN cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
34. EXPOSE 3306
35. ADD run.sh /usr/local/src
36. RUN chmod 755 /usr/local/src/run.sh
37. RUN sh /usr/local/src/run.sh
38. #CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

③ 编写my.cnf脚本

1. vim my.cnf
2. [client]
3. port = 3306
4. default-character-set=utf8
5. socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

6. [mysql]
7. port = 3306
8. default-character-set=utf8
9. socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

10. [mysqld]
11. user = mysql
12. basedir = /usr/local/mysql
13. datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
14. port = 3306
15. character_set_server=utf8
16. pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
17. socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
18. server-id = 1

19.sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
④ 编写run.sh脚本

1. vim run.sh

2. #!/bin/bash

3. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld

4. systemctl enable mysqld

⑤ 创建新镜像、启动容器，并进行初始化

1. docker build -t mysql:centos .

2. #启动容器，并进行初始化

3. docker run --name=mysql_server -d -P --privileged mysql:centos /usr/sbin/init &

⑥ 进容器给权限

1. docker ps -a
2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3. f9a4d8f6c65f mysql:centos "/usr/sbin/init" 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds 0.0.0.0:49153->3306/tcp mysql_server
⑦进入容器，授权远程连接 mysql

1. docker exec -it f9a4d8f6c65f /bin/bash

2. mysql -u root -p
3. grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';
4. grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'abc123';
5. flush privileges;
⑧在客户端连接mysql容器

mysql -h 192.168.80.10 -u root -P 49153 -pabc123