MySQL 中用法(长知识)

https://www.runoob.com/mysql/mysql-operator.html

MySQL 运算符

本章节我们主要介绍 MySQL 的运算符及运算符的优先级。 MySQL 主要有以下几种运算符:

  • 算术运算符
  • 比较运算符
  • 逻辑运算符
  • 位运算符
  • 算术运算符

    MySQL 支持的算术运算符包括:

    运算符作用
    +加法
    -减法
    *乘法
    / 或 DIV除法
    % 或 MOD取余

    在除法运算和模运算中,如果除数为0,将是非法除数,返回结果为NULL。

    1、加

    mysql> select 1+2; +-----+ | 1+2 | +-----+ | 3 | +-----+ 

    2、减

    mysql> select 1-2; +-----+ | 1-2 | +-----+ | -1 | +-----+ 

    3、乘

    mysql> select 2*3; +-----+ | 2*3 | +-----+ | 6 | +-----+ 

    4、除

    mysql> select 2/3; +--------+ | 2/3 | +--------+ | 0.6667 | +--------+ 

    5、商

    mysql> select 10 DIV 4; +----------+ | 10 DIV 4 | +----------+ | 2 | +----------+ 

    6、取余

    mysql> select 10 MOD 4; +----------+ | 10 MOD 4 | +----------+ | 2 | +----------+ 
       

    比较运算符

    SELECT 语句中的条件语句经常要使用比较运算符。通过这些比较运算符,可以判断表中的哪些记录是符合条件的。比较结果为真,则返回 1,为假则返回 0,比较结果不确定则返回 NULL。

    符号描述备注
    =等于 
    <>, !=不等于 
    >大于 
    <小于 
    <=小于等于 
    >=大于等于 
    BETWEEN在两值之间>=min&&<=max
    NOT BETWEEN不在两值之间 
    IN在集合中 
    NOT IN不在集合中 
    <=>严格比较两个NULL值是否相等两个操作码均为NULL时,其所得值为1;而当一个操作码为NULL时,其所得值为0
    LIKE模糊匹配 
    REGEXP 或 RLIKE正则式匹配 
    IS NULL为空 
    IS NOT NULL不为空 

    1、等于

    mysql> select 2=3; +-----+ | 2=3 | +-----+ | 0 | +-----+ mysql> select NULL = NULL; +-------------+ | NULL = NULL | +-------------+ | NULL | +-------------+ 

    2、不等于

    mysql> select 2<>3; +------+ | 2<>3 | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 

    3、安全等于

    与 = 的区别在于当两个操作码均为 NULL 时,其所得值为 1 而不为 NULL,而当一个操作码为 NULL 时,其所得值为 0而不为 NULL。

    mysql> select 2<=>3; +-------+ | 2<=>3 | +-------+ | 0 | +-------+ mysql> select null=null; +-----------+ | null=null | +-----------+ | NULL | +-----------+ mysql> select null<=>null; +-------------+ | null<=>null | +-------------+ | 1 | +-------------+ 

    4、小于

    mysql> select 2<3; +-----+ | 2<3 | +-----+ | 1 | +-----+ 

    5、小于等于

    mysql> select 2<=3; +------+ | 2<=3 | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 

    6、大于

    mysql> select 2>3; +-----+ | 2>3 | +-----+ | 0 | +-----+ 

    7、大于等于

    mysql> select 2>=3; +------+ | 2>=3 | +------+ | 0 | +------+ 

    8、BETWEEN

    mysql> select 5 between 1 and 10; +--------------------+ | 5 between 1 and 10 | +--------------------+ | 1 | +--------------------+ 

    9、IN

    mysql> select 5 in (1,2,3,4,5); +------------------+ | 5 in (1,2,3,4,5) | +------------------+ | 1 | +------------------+ 

    10、NOT IN

    mysql> select 5 not in (1,2,3,4,5); +----------------------+ | 5 not in (1,2,3,4,5) | +----------------------+ | 0 | +----------------------+ 

    11、IS NULL

    mysql> select null is NULL; +--------------+ | null is NULL | +--------------+ | 1 | +--------------+ mysql> select 'a' is NULL; +-------------+ | 'a' is NULL | +-------------+ | 0 | +-------------+ 

    12、IS NOT NULL

    mysql> select null IS NOT NULL; +------------------+ | null IS NOT NULL | +------------------+ | 0 | +------------------+ mysql> select 'a' IS NOT NULL; +-----------------+ | 'a' IS NOT NULL | +-----------------+ | 1 | +-----------------+ 

    13、LIKE

    mysql> select '12345' like '12%'; +--------------------+ | '12345' like '12%' | +--------------------+ | 1 | +--------------------+ mysql> select '12345' like '12_'; +--------------------+ | '12345' like '12_' | +--------------------+ | 0 | +--------------------+ 

    14、REGEXP

    mysql> select 'beijing' REGEXP 'jing'; +-------------------------+ | 'beijing' REGEXP 'jing' | +-------------------------+ | 1 | +-------------------------+ mysql> select 'beijing' REGEXP 'xi'; +-----------------------+ | 'beijing' REGEXP 'xi' | +-----------------------+ | 0 | +-----------------------+ 
       

    逻辑运算符

    逻辑运算符用来判断表达式的真假。如果表达式是真,结果返回 1。如果表达式是假,结果返回 0。

    运算符号作用
    NOT 或 !逻辑非
    AND逻辑与
    OR逻辑或
    XOR逻辑异或

    1、与

    mysql> select 2 and 0; +---------+ | 2 and 0 | +---------+ | 0 | +---------+ mysql> select 2 and 1; +---------+ | 2 and 1 | +---------+ | 1 | +---------+ 

    2、或

    mysql> select 2 or 0; +--------+ | 2 or 0 | +--------+ | 1 | +--------+ mysql> select 2 or 1; +--------+ | 2 or 1 | +--------+ | 1 | +--------+ mysql> select 0 or 0; +--------+ | 0 or 0 | +--------+ | 0 | +--------+ mysql> select 1 || 0; +--------+ | 1 || 0 | +--------+ | 1 | +--------+ 

    3、非

    mysql> select not 1; +-------+ | not 1 | +-------+ | 0 | +-------+ mysql> select !0; +----+ | !0 | +----+ | 1 | +----+ 

    4、异或

    mysql> select 1 xor 1; +---------+ | 1 xor 1 | +---------+ | 0 | +---------+ mysql> select 0 xor 0; +---------+ | 0 xor 0 | +---------+ | 0 | +---------+ mysql> select 1 xor 0; +---------+ | 1 xor 0 | +---------+ | 1 | +---------+ mysql> select null or 1; +-----------+ | null or 1 | +-----------+ | 1 | +-----------+ mysql> select 1 ^ 0; +-------+ | 1 ^ 0 | +-------+ | 1 | +-------+ 
       

    位运算符

    位运算符是在二进制数上进行计算的运算符。位运算会先将操作数变成二进制数,进行位运算。然后再将计算结果从二进制数变回十进制数。

    运算符号作用
    &按位与
    |按位或
    ^按位异或
    !取反
    <<左移
    >>右移

    1、按位与

    mysql> select 3&5; +-----+ | 3&5 | +-----+ | 1 | +-----+ 

    2、按位或

    mysql> select 3|5; +-----+ | 3|5 | +-----+ | 7 | +-----+ 

    3、按位异或

    mysql> select 3^5; +-----+ | 3^5 | +-----+ | 6 | +-----+ 

    4、按位取反

    mysql> select ~18446744073709551612; +-----------------------+ | ~18446744073709551612 | +-----------------------+ | 3 | +-----------------------+ 

    5、按位右移

    mysql> select 3>>1; +------+ | 3>>1 | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 

    6、按位左移

    mysql> select 3<<1; +------+ | 3<<1 | +------+ | 6 | +------+ 
       

    运算符优先级

    最低优先级为: :=。

    最高优先级为: !、BINARY、 COLLATE。

posted @ 2022-01-26 18:12  码农编程进阶笔记  阅读(141)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
返回顶部 有事您Q我