SpringMVC框架下的异常处理
在eclipse的javaEE环境下:导包。。。。
1. 在 @ExceptionHandler 方法的入参中可以加入 Exception 类型的参数, 该参数即对应发生的异常对象
2. @ExceptionHandler 方法的入参中不能传入 Map. 若希望把异常信息传导页面上, 需要使用 ModelAndView 作为返回值
3. @ExceptionHandler 方法标记的异常有优先级的问题.
4. @ControllerAdvice: 如果在当前 Handler 中找不到 @ExceptionHandler 方法来出来当前方法出现的异常, 则将去 @ControllerAdvice 标记的类中查找 @ExceptionHandler 标记的方法来处理异常
web.xml文件配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <!-- 配置 SpringMVC 的 DispatcherServlet --> <!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置 HiddenHttpMethodFilter: 把 POST 请求转为 DELETE、PUT 请求 --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
spring的bean的配置文件:springmvc.xml;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 配置自动扫描的包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.springmvc"></context:component-scan> <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <!-- default-servlet-handler 将在 SpringMVC 上下文中定义一个 DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler, 它会对进入 DispatcherServlet 的请求进行筛查, 如果发现是没有经过映射的请求, 就将该请求交由 WEB 应用服务器默认的 Servlet 处理. 如果不是静态资源的请求,才由 DispatcherServlet 继续处理 一般 WEB 应用服务器默认的 Servlet 的名称都是 default. 若所使用的 WEB 服务器的默认 Servlet 名称不是 default,则需要通过 default-servlet-name 属性显式指定 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"></mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- 配置使用 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver 来映射异常 ,出异常时转到error.jsp页面--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <!-- key异常的全类名 ,并且可以在error页面打印异常--> <prop key="java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
异常处理类,这个是全局的,只要出现了这个异常,在显示出异常值在对应的页面上;
package com.atguigu.springmvc.test; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; //异常处理类,这个是全局的,只要出现了这个异常,在显示出异常值 @ControllerAdvice public class SpringMVCTestExceptionHandler { @ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class}) public ModelAndView handleArithmeticException(Exception ex){ System.out.println("----> 出异常了: " + ex); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); return mv; } }
自定义的异常:页面会显示状态码和异常值
package com.atguigu.springmvc.test; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus; //自定义的异常:页面会显示状态码和异常值 //value:是一个状态码 @ResponseStatus(value=HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, reason="用户名和密码不匹配!") public class UserNameNotMatchPasswordException extends RuntimeException{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; }
handler方法:
package com.atguigu.springmvc.test; @Controller public class SpringMVCTest { @Autowired private EmployeeDao employeeDao; //这个需要在springmvc.xml文件中进行配置,出现异常后转向到那个页面 @RequestMapping("/testSimpleMappingExceptionResolver") public String testSimpleMappingExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){ String [] vals = new String[10]; System.out.println(vals[i]); return "success"; } //对spring的一些特殊异常进行处理,如超链接是get请求,而这儿是post请求,所以会出现异常,显示在页面上 @RequestMapping(value="/testDefaultHandlerExceptionResolver",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String testDefaultHandlerExceptionResolver(){ System.out.println("testDefaultHandlerExceptionResolver..."); return "success"; } //类方法,的自定义异常 @ResponseStatus(reason="测试",value=HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND) @RequestMapping("/testResponseStatusExceptionResolver") public String testResponseStatusExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){ if(i == 13){ throw new UserNameNotMatchPasswordException(); } System.out.println("testResponseStatusExceptionResolver..."); return "success"; } //异常处理 // @ExceptionHandler({RuntimeException.class}) // public ModelAndView handleArithmeticException2(Exception ex){ // System.out.println("[出异常了]: " + ex); // ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); // mv.addObject("exception", ex); // return mv; // } /** * 1. 在 @ExceptionHandler 方法的入参中可以加入 Exception 类型的参数, 该参数即对应发生的异常对象 * 2. @ExceptionHandler 方法的入参中不能传入 Map. 若希望把异常信息传导页面上, 需要使用 ModelAndView 作为返回值 * 3. @ExceptionHandler 方法标记的异常有优先级的问题. * 4. @ControllerAdvice: 如果在当前 Handler 中找不到 @ExceptionHandler 方法来出来当前方法出现的异常, * 则将去 @ControllerAdvice 标记的类中查找 @ExceptionHandler 标记的方法来处理异常. */ // @ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class}) // public ModelAndView handleArithmeticException(Exception ex){ // System.out.println("出异常了: " + ex); // ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); // mv.addObject("exception", ex); // return mv; // } @RequestMapping("/testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver") public String testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){ System.out.println("result: " + (10 / i)); return "success"; } }
index.jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<br><br>
<a href="testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver?i=10">Test ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver</a>
<br><br>
<a href="testResponseStatusExceptionResolver?i=10">Test ResponseStatusExceptionResolver</a>
<br><br>
<a href="testDefaultHandlerExceptionResolver">Test DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver</a>
<br><br>
<a href="testSimpleMappingExceptionResolver?i=2">Test SimpleMappingExceptionResolver</a>
</body>
</html>
出现异常转向的页面error.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h4>Error Page</h4> ${requestScope.exception } </body> </html>