SpringMVC框架下数据的增删改查,数据类型转换,数据格式化,数据校验,错误输入的消息回显
在eclipse中javaEE环境下:
这儿并没有连接数据库,而是将数据存放在map集合中;
将各种架包导入lib下。。。
web.xml文件配置为
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <!-- 配置SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置 HiddenHttpMethodFilter: 把 POST 请求转为 DELETE、PUT 请求 --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
spring的bean配置文件:springmvc.xml:分别配置,自动扫描的包及其自包,视图解析器,自定义类型转化器需要的配置,国际化资源文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 配置自动扫描的包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.springmvc"></context:component-scan> <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <!-- default-servlet-handler 将在 SpringMVC 上下文中定义一个 DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler, 它会对进入 DispatcherServlet 的请求进行筛查, 如果发现是没有经过映射的请求, 就将该请求交由 WEB 应用服务器默认的 Servlet 处理. 如果不是静态资源的请求,才由 DispatcherServlet 继续处理 一般 WEB 应用服务器默认的 Servlet 的名称都是 default. 若所使用的 WEB 服务器的默认 Servlet 名称不是 default,则需要通过 default-servlet-name 属性显式指定 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 一般都会配置这个 <mvc:annotation-driven ></mvc:annotation-driven>, 由于。。。requestmapping请求实现不了,使用这个,会使requestmapping请求一定实现 --> <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"></mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- 配置 ConversionService ,自定义类型转换器,bean配置--> <bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean"> <property name="converters"> <set> <!-- bean。。。为自定义类型转换器的类名,其中,首字母小写 --> <ref bean="employeeConverter"/> </set> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置国际化资源文件 --> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="i18n"></property> </bean> </beans>
数据分装的两个类,是一对多的级联关系
数据的分装类:Department
package com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities; public class Department { private Integer id; private String departmentName; public Department() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public Department(Integer id, String departmentName) { super(); this.id = id; this.departmentName = departmentName; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getDepartmentName() { return departmentName; } public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) { this.departmentName = departmentName; } @Override public String toString() { return "Department [id=" + id + ", departmentName=" + departmentName + "]"; } }
数据的分装类:Employee,对此类中的属性,做了注解,可以实现表单验证
package com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities; import java.util.Date; import javax.validation.constraints.Past; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty; import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat; import org.springframework.format.annotation.NumberFormat; /* * 在封装类的属性上面添加注解,是为了实现类型样式的转换: * 步骤: * 1>.在封装类的属性上面添加各种注解 * 2>.在springmvc.xml的配置中添加标配<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>, * 不管怎样都不影响注解 * * */ public class Employee { private Integer id; @NotEmpty private String lastName; @Email private String email; //1 male, 0 female private Integer gender; private Department department; //@Past注解的作用是:输入是此时间之前的时间,否则抛出错误 @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; @NumberFormat(pattern="#,###,###.#") private Float salary; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Integer getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(Integer gender) { this.gender = gender; } public Department getDepartment() { return department; } public void setDepartment(Department department) { this.department = department; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } public Float getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(Float salary) { this.salary = salary; } @Override public String toString() { return "Employee [id=" + id + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email=" + email + ", gender=" + gender + ", department=" + department + ", birth=" + birth + ", salary=" + salary + "]"; } public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender, Department department) { super(); this.id = id; this.lastName = lastName; this.email = email; this.gender = gender; this.department = department; } public Employee() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } }
两个DAO方法,有两个分装类数据的增删改查方法;
DepartmentDAO:
package com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.dao; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Department; @Repository//标识持久层组件 public class DepartmentDao { private static Map<Integer, Department> departments=null; static{ departments=new HashMap<Integer, Department>(); departments.put(1001, new Department(1001,"D-AA")); departments.put(1002, new Department(1002,"D-BB")); departments.put(1003, new Department(1003,"D-CC")); departments.put(1004, new Department(1004,"D-DD")); departments.put(1005, new Department(1005,"D-EE")); } //获取map集合中的所有值 public Collection<Department> getDepartments(){ return departments.values(); } //通过id值,获取map集合中的一个值 public Department getDepartment(Integer id){ return departments.get(id); } }
EmployeeDAO:
package com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.dao; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Department; import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Employee; @Repository//标识持久层组件 public class EmployeeDao { private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees=null; @Autowired private DepartmentDao departmentDao; static{ employees=new HashMap<Integer, Employee>(); employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1, new Department(101, "D-AA"))); employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "bb@163.com", 1, new Department(102, "D-BB"))); employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "cc@163.com", 0, new Department(103, "D-CC"))); employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "dd@163.com", 0, new Department(104, "D-DD"))); employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "ee@163.com", 1, new Department(105, "D-EE"))); } private static Integer initId=1006; //添加数据的方法 public void save(Employee employee){ if(employee.getId()==null){ employee.setId(initId++); } employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartment(employee.getDepartment().getId())); employees.put(employee.getId(), employee); } //获取全部的数据的方法 public Collection<Employee> getAll(){ return employees.values(); } //获取集合中的一个数据 public Employee getEmployee(Integer id){ return employees.get(id); } //删除集合中的一个数据 public void delect(Integer id){ employees.remove(id); } }
EmployeeHandler类,基于注解的实现方法,便于页面之间的跳转:
package com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.handlers; import java.util.Map; import javax.validation.Valid; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult; import org.springframework.validation.Errors; import org.springframework.validation.FieldError; import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.dao.DepartmentDao; import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.dao.EmployeeDao; import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Employee; @Controller //标识表现层组件 public class EmployeeHandler { @Autowired private DepartmentDao departmentDao; @Autowired private EmployeeDao employeeDao; //自定义类型转换器,使用这个请求 //<!-- lastname-email-gender-department.id 例如: GG-gg@atguigu.com-0-105 --> @RequestMapping("/testConversionServiceConverer") public String testConverter(@RequestParam("employee") Employee employee){ employeeDao.save(employee); System.out.println("save: " + employee); return "redirect:/emps"; } /* * 在方法定义上使用@ModelAttribute注解:Spring MVC在调用目标处理方法前, * 会先逐个调用在方法上标注了@ModelAttribute的方法;即每个方法会先调用 方法上标注的@ModelAttribute的方法 * * @ModelAttribute作用是:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,(就是可以获取jsp中隐含属性的变量值), * 在将请求参数绑定到对象中,再传入 入参,将方法入参对象,添加到模型中; * */ @ModelAttribute public void getEmployee(@RequestParam(value="id",required=false) Integer id, Map<String, Object> map){ if(id!=null){ map.put("employee", employeeDao.getEmployee(id)); } } //修改操作,将修改好的信息重定向到emps请求 @RequestMapping(value="/emp", method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String update(Employee employee){ employeeDao.save(employee); return "redirect:/emps"; } //修改操作,将要修改的信息显示在input.jsp页面上 @RequestMapping(value="/emp/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) public String input(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,Map<String, Object> map){ map.put("employee", employeeDao.getEmployee(id)); map.put("departments", departmentDao.getDepartments()); return "input"; } //删除操作,然后重定向到/emps请求,即在list.jsp页面显示 @RequestMapping(value="/emp/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ employeeDao.delect(id); return "redirect:/emps"; } //@Valid注解,表单验证时使用; 表单验证时对架包的处理:将 //hibernate-validator-5.0.0.CR2-dist\hibernate-validator-5.0.0.CR2\dist\lib\required //下的三个架包:el-api-2.2,javax.el-2.2.4,javax.el-api-2.2.4 //复制到 apache-tomcat-6.0.16\apache-tomcat-6.0.16\lib 目录下 并且彻底粉碎apache-tomcat包 lib中的el架包,这样才可以实现表单的验证 //添加信息操作,如果添加信息的格式正确,然后重定向到/emps请求,即到list.jsp页面; //如果添加信息的格式不正确,则跳转到本页面(input.jsp),显示错误的信息,需要在input.jsp页面加入标签 //<form:errors path="*"></form:errors>,将所有的错误都显示在一块,错误信息的显示, //也可以分开写,格式为<form:errors path="lastName"></form:errors>,path值为属性值,分别写在属性值的下边, 显示在 输入错误的文本框下边 @RequestMapping(value="/emp", method=RequestMethod.POST) public String save(@Valid Employee employee, Errors result,Map<String, Object> map){ System.out.println("save"+employee); if(result.getErrorCount()>0){ System.out.println("出错了"); //将所有错误都输出 for(FieldError error:result.getFieldErrors()){ System.out.println(error.getField()+":"+error.getDefaultMessage()); } //若验证出错, 则转向定制的页面 map.put("departments", departmentDao.getDepartments()); return "input"; } employeeDao.save(employee); return "redirect:/emps"; } //添加员工的信息,将一个空的employee和非空的department放入到map集合中, //通过视图解析器,转发到input页面,可以添加信息,是一个GET请求 @RequestMapping(value="/emp",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String input(Map<String, Object> map){ map.put("departments", departmentDao.getDepartments()); map.put("employee", new Employee()); return "input"; } //显示employee的全部的信息 @RequestMapping("/emps") public String list(Map<String, Object> map){ map.put("employees", employeeDao.getAll()); return "list"; } //测试方法 @RequestMapping("/test") public String testTT(){ return "test"; } /*由@InitBinder标识的方法,可以对WebDataBinder初始化, * WebDataBinder是DataBinder的子类,用于完成由表单字段到javaBean属性的绑定 * * @InitBinder注解的方法不能有返回值,它必须声明为void; * 方法的参数通常是WebDataBinder; * * @InitBinder注解的方法的作用是使该属性在jsp页面上没有值,例如lastName属性在input.jsp页面上没有值 * */ // @InitBinder // private void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) { // binder.setDisallowedFields("lastName"); // // } }
表单验证的国际化资源文件:其实基于注解的 每一个值书写顺序为 属性上边的注解. 表单要输入的属性值的集合(即map集合的key值).属性名=输入错误时,要回显得语句
文件名为:i18n.properties;要映射上次资源文件,要到springmvc.xml文件中配置国际化资源文件
NotEmpty.employee.lastName=^^LastName\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u7A7A. Email.employee.email=Email\u5730\u5740\u4E0D\u5408\u6CD5 Past.employee.birth=Birth\u4E0D\u80FD\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5C06\u6765\u7684\u65F6\u95F4. typeMismatch.employee.birth=Birth\u4E0D\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u65E5\u671F.
自定义类型转换器:可以将字符串GG-gg@atguigu.com-0-105,转换为四个属性的值,放在map集合中,这儿还是要在springmvc.xml配置文件中进行配置;
package com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.converters; import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Department; import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Employee; @Component public class EmployeeConverter implements Converter<String, Employee>{ @Override //自定义类型转换器 public Employee convert(String source) { if(source!=null){ //GG-gg@atguigu.com-0-105 String [] vals=source.split("-"); if(vals!=null && vals.length==4){ String lastName = vals[0]; String email = vals[1]; Integer gender = Integer.parseInt(vals[2]); Department department = new Department(); department.setId(Integer.parseInt(vals[3])); Employee employee = new Employee(null, lastName, email, gender, department); System.out.println(source + "--convert--" + employee); return employee; } } return null; } }
index.jsp页面,只有一个超链接,实现页面的跳转;
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<a href="emps">List All Employees</a>
<br><br>
<a href="test">TTTTTTT</a>
</center>
</body>
</html>
list.jsp页面,显示employee的全部信息,有增加,删除,修改信息的超链接,实现。。。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> <!-- SpringMVC 处理静态资源: 1. 为什么会有这样的问题: 优雅的 REST 风格的资源URL 不希望带 .html 或 .do 等后缀 若将 DispatcherServlet 请求映射配置为 /, 则 Spring MVC 将捕获 WEB 容器的所有请求, 包括静态资源的请求, SpringMVC 会将他们当成一个普通请求处理, 因找不到对应处理器将导致错误。 2. 解决: 在 SpringMVC 的配置文件中配置 <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> 和 <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>, --> <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $(".delete").click(function(){ var href=$(this).attr("href"); $("form").attr("action",href).submit(); return false; }); }) </script> </head> <body> <!-- 一个超链接是一个get请求,用jQuery方法和影藏的表单的方法, 将get请求转化为post请求,再将post请求转换为delete请求(web.xml文件中进行了配置) --> <form action="" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"/> </form> <center> <c:if test="${empty requestScope.employees }"> 没有任何员工信息!!! </c:if> <br><br> <c:if test="${!empty requestScope.employees }"> <table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>ListName</th> <th>Email</th> <th>Gender</th> <th>Department</th> <th>Edit</th> <th>Delete</th> </tr> <c:forEach items="${requestScope.employees }" var="emp"> <tr> <td>${emp.id }</td> <td>${emp.lastName }</td> <td>${emp.email }</td> <td>${emp.gender==0 ? 'Female' : 'Male' }</td> <td>${emp.department.departmentName }</td> <td> <a href="emp/${emp.id }">Edit</a> </td> <td> <a class="delete" href="emp/${emp.id }">Delete</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> </c:if> <br><br> <a href="emp">And New Employee</a> </center> </body> </html>
input.jsp页面,employee信息添加的页面,此页面可以实现数据类型转换,数据格式化,数据校验,可以将校验值,显示在输入框下;
<%@page import="java.util.HashMap"%> <%@page import="java.util.Map"%> <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <form action="testConversionServiceConverer" method="post"> <!-- lastname-email-gender-department.id 例如: GG-gg@atguigu.com-0-105 --> Employee:<input type="text" name="employee"/> <input type="submit" value="Submit"/> </form> <br> <!-- 1. WHY 使用 form 标签呢 ? 可以更快速的开发出表单页面, 而且可以更方便的进行表单值的回显 2. 注意: 可以通过 modelAttribute 属性指定绑定的模型属性, 若没有指定该属性,则默认从 request 域对象中读取 command 的表单 bean 如果该属性值也不存在,则会发生错误。 --> <!-- 添加员工的信息的jsp --> <form:form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/emp" method="post" modelAttribute="employee"> <!-- path 属性对应 html 表单标签的 name 属性值 --> <form:errors path="*"></form:errors>//所有的校验信息显示在一块 <br><br> <c:if test="${employee.id==null }"> lastName:<form:input path="lastName"/> <form:errors path="lastName"></form:errors>//分别显示校验信息 </c:if> <c:if test="${employee.id!=null }"> <form:hidden path="id"/> <!-- 将post请求转换为put请求,put请求即为更改 --> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"/> <%-- 对于 _method 不能使用 form:hidden 标签, 因为 modelAttribute 对应的 bean 中没有 _method 这个属性 --%> <%-- <form:hidden path="_method" value="PUT"/> --%> </c:if> <br><br> Email:<form:input path="email"/> <form:errors path="email"></form:errors> <br><br> <% Map<String, String> genders=new HashMap<String, String>(); genders.put("1", "Male"); genders.put("0", "Female"); request.setAttribute("genders", genders); %> Gender: <br> <form:radiobuttons path="gender" items="${genders }" delimiter="<br>"/> <br><br> Department:<form:select path="department.id" items="${departments }" itemLabel="departmentName" itemValue="id"></form:select> <br><br> <!-- 1. 数据类型转换 2. 数据类型格式化 3. 数据校验. 1). 如何校验 ? 注解 ? ①. 使用 JSR 303 验证标准 ②. 加入 hibernate validator 验证框架的 jar 包 ③. 在 SpringMVC 配置文件中添加 <mvc:annotation-driven /> ④. 需要在 bean 的属性上添加对应的注解 ⑤. 在目标方法 bean 类型的前面添加 @Valid 注解 2). 验证出错转向到哪一个页面 ? 注意: 需校验的 Bean 对象和其绑定结果对象或错误对象时成对出现的,它们之间不允许声明其他的入参 3). 错误消息 ? 如何显示, 如何把错误消息进行国际化 --> Birth: <form:input path="birth"/> <form:errors path="birth"></form:errors> <br><br> Salary: <form:input path="salary"/> <form:errors path="salary"></form:errors> <br><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"/> </form:form> </body> </html>