基于select的python聊天室程序
python网络编程具体参考《python select网络编程详细介绍》。
在python中，select函数是一个对底层操作系统的直接访问的接口。它用来监控sockets、files和pipes，等待IO完成（Waiting for I/O completion）。当有可读、可写或是异常事件产生时，select可以很容易的监控到。
select.select（rlist, wlist, xlist[, timeout]） 传递三个参数，一个为输入而观察的文件对象列表，一个为输出而观察的文件对象列表和一个观察错误异常的文件列表。第四个是一个可选参数，表示超时秒数。其返回3个tuple，每个tuple都是一个准备好的对象列表，它和前边的参数是一样的顺序。
聊天室程序如下。运行多个client，则可互相聊天，输入"exit"即可退出
服务器代码
#!/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf8 -*- """ server select """ import sys import time import socket import select import logging import Queue g_select_timeout = 10 class Server(object): def __init__(self, host='10.1.32.80', port=33333, timeout=2, client_nums=10): self.__host = host self.__port = port self.__timeout = timeout self.__client_nums = client_nums self.__buffer_size = 1024 self.server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.server.setblocking(False) self.server.settimeout(self.__timeout) self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1) #keepalive self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) #端口复用 server_host = (self.__host, self.__port) try: self.server.bind(server_host) self.server.listen(self.__client_nums) except: raise self.inputs = [self.server] #select 接收文件描述符列表 self.outputs = [] #输出文件描述符列表 self.message_queues = {}#消息队列 self.client_info = {} def run(self): while True: readable , writable , exceptional = select.select(self.inputs, self.outputs, self.inputs, g_select_timeout) if not (readable or writable or exceptional) : continue for s in readable : if s is self.server:#是客户端连接 connection, client_address = s.accept() #print "connection", connection print "%s connect." % str(client_address) connection.setblocking(0) #非阻塞 self.inputs.append(connection) #客户端添加到inputs self.client_info[connection] = str(client_address) self.message_queues[connection] = Queue.Queue() #每个客户端一个消息队列 else:#是client, 数据发送过来 try: data = s.recv(self.__buffer_size) except: err_msg = "Client Error!" logging.error(err_msg) if data : #print data data = "%s %s say: %s" % (time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), self.client_info[s], data) self.message_queues[s].put(data) #队列添加消息 if s not in self.outputs: #要回复消息 self.outputs.append(s) else: #客户端断开 #Interpret empty result as closed connection print "Client:%s Close." % str(self.client_info[s]) if s in self.outputs : self.outputs.remove(s) self.inputs.remove(s) s.close() del self.message_queues[s] del self.client_info[s] for s in writable: #outputs 有消息就要发出去了 try: next_msg = self.message_queues[s].get_nowait() #非阻塞获取 except Queue.Empty: err_msg = "Output Queue is Empty!" #g_logFd.writeFormatMsg(g_logFd.LEVEL_INFO, err_msg) self.outputs.remove(s) except Exception, e: #发送的时候客户端关闭了则会出现writable和readable同时有数据，会出现message_queues的keyerror err_msg = "Send Data Error! ErrMsg:%s" % str(e) logging.error(err_msg) if s in self.outputs: self.outputs.remove(s) else: for cli in self.client_info: #发送给其他客户端 if cli is not s: try: cli.sendall(next_msg) except Exception, e: #发送失败就关掉 err_msg = "Send Data to %s Error! ErrMsg:%s" % (str(self.client_info[cli]), str(e)) logging.error(err_msg) print "Client: %s Close Error." % str(self.client_info[cli]) if cli in self.inputs: self.inputs.remove(cli) cli.close() if cli in self.outputs: self.outputs.remove(s) if cli in self.message_queues: del self.message_queues[s] del self.client_info[cli] for s in exceptional: logging.error("Client:%s Close Error." % str(self.client_info[cli])) if s in self.inputs: self.inputs.remove(s) s.close() if s in self.outputs: self.outputs.remove(s) if s in self.message_queues: del self.message_queues[s] del self.client_info[s] if "__main__" == __name__: Server().run()
客户端代码
#!/usr/local/bin/python # *-* coding:utf-8 -*- """ client.py """ import sys import time import socket import threading class Client(object): def __init__(self, host, port=33333, timeout=1, reconnect=2): self.__host = host self.__port = port self.__timeout = timeout self.__buffer_size = 1024 self.__flag = 1 self.client = None self.__lock = threading.Lock() @property def flag(self): return self.__flag @flag.setter def flag(self, new_num): self.__flag = new_num def __connect(self): client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) #client.bind(('0.0.0.0', 12345,)) client.setblocking(True) client.settimeout(self.__timeout) client.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) #端口复用 server_host = (self.__host, self.__port) try: client.connect(server_host) except: raise return client def send_msg(self): if not self.client: return while True: time.sleep(0.1) #data = raw_input() data = sys.stdin.readline().strip() if "exit" == data.lower(): with self.__lock: self.flag = 0 break self.client.sendall(data) return def recv_msg(self): if not self.client: return while True: data = None with self.__lock: if not self.flag: print 'ByeBye~~' break try: data = self.client.recv(self.__buffer_size) except socket.timeout: continue except: raise if data: print "%s\n" % data time.sleep(0.1) return def run(self): self.client = self.__connect() send_proc = threading.Thread(target=self.send_msg) recv_proc = threading.Thread(target=self.recv_msg) recv_proc.start() send_proc.start() recv_proc.join() send_proc.join() self.client.close() if "__main__" == __name__: Client('10.1.32.80').run()
