selenium 



Python Automation Scripts Examples Use Django And Selenium


Django is the most popular web framework in the python world. You can use it to create a website quickly and simply. Selenium is the most popular website automation testing framework, it can be used to implement website automation function testing in source code with coding language python, java, etc. This example will tell you how to set up and run Django and Selenium to make a development environment for website functional tests.


 


 


If you do not install Python Django and selenium modules, you need to install them first. You can run the command pip list in a terminal to verify the Python Django and selenium module installation. If the two modules do not exist in the list, follow the below steps to install them.


1. Use Pip To Install Django Python Module.










192:~ $ pip install django






Collecting django






 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/1a/e0ac7886c7123a03814178d7517dc822af0fe51a72e1a6bff26153103322/Django-2.1-py3-none-any.whl (7.3MB)






 100% |████████████████████████████████| 7.3MB 200kB/s 






Requirement already satisfied: pytz in ./anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from django) (2018.4)






Installing collected packages: django






Successfully installed django-2.1










2. Use Pip To Install Selenium Python Module.










192:~ $ pip install selenium






Collecting selenium






 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b8/53/9cafbb616d20c7624ff31bcabd82e5cc9823206267664e68aa8acdde4629/selenium-3.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (898kB)






 100% |████████████████████████████████| 901kB 714kB/s 






Requirement already satisfied: urllib3 in ./anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from selenium) (1.22)






Installing collected packages: selenium






Successfully installed selenium-3.14.0










3. Create Django Project And Startup Django Web Server.


    

  1. Open a terminal and input the below command in your working directory.

    

    

    

    

    $ django-admin.py startproject TodoList
    

    

    

    

    

    2. 

  2. Run ls -l command, then you can find the directory TodoList under the current working folder.
    3. 

  3. CD into the TodoList folder, there is a folder also named TodoList and a file manage.py. The inside TodoList folder is the place where all these webserver project files are saved, the manage.py file is the Django webserver management file. The _pycache_ folder is the cache folder for all the project python source files.
    python-django-web-project-files-structure-new
    4. 

  4. To start up the Django project web server, please run the below command.

    

    

    

    

    192:TodoList $ python manage.py runserver
    


    

    

    Performing system checks...
    


    

    

    System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
    


    

    

    You have 15 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
    


    

    

    Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
    


    

    

    August 30, 2018 - 16:01:58
    


    

    

    Django version 2.1, using settings 'TodoList.settings'
    


    

    

    Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
    


    

    

    Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
    


    


    


    


    


    5. 

  5. Now the Django web server has been created and started up, open a web browser and access url  http://127.0.0.1:8000/ to see the Django project welcome page.
    6. 




4. Run Selenium In Python Code To Test Above Django Server.


    

  1. Now save the below code in a file TestDjango.py and execute python TestDjango.py in a terminal, you can get the error message in the console.

    

    

    

    

    from selenium import webdriver
    


    

    

    import time
    


    

     
    

    

    def assert_django_title():
    


    

     
    

    

        # Create the Firefox web browser
    


    

    

        browser = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = '/Users/zhaosong/Documents/WorkSpace/tool/geckodriver')
    


    

     
    

    

        # Access the Django web server home page.
    


    

    

        browser.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/')
    


    

     
    

    

        # Assert the web page title, the web page title do not contains Djangl so you can see error message in the console.
    


    

    

        assert 'Django' in browser.title
    


    

     
    

    

        # Sleep 10 seconds.
    


    

    

        time.sleep(10)
    


    

     
    

    

        # Close and quit the Firefox web browser
    


    

    

        browser.quit()
    


    

     
    

    

    if __name__ == '__main__':
    


    

    

        assert_django_title()
    


    


    


    


    


    2. 




5. Use Python Unittest Module To Test Django Home Page Title.


      

    1. Python unittest module tests the Django home page title example source code.

      

      

      

      

      from selenium import webdriver
      


      

      

      import time
      


      

      

      import unittest
      


      

       
      

      

      class DjangoTest(unittest.TestCase):
      


      

       
      

      

          # This method is invoked when test case start.
      


      

      

          def setUp(self):
      


      

      

              # Create the Firefox browser when test case setup.
      


      

      

              self.browser = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = '/Users/zhaosong/Documents/WorkSpace/tool/geckodriver')
      


      

       
      

      

          # This method is invoked when test case complete.    
      


      

      

          def tearDown(self):
      


      

      

              # Close and quit the Firefox browser when test case tear down.
      


      

      

              self.browser.quit()
      


      

       
      

      

          # This is the test method.    
      


      

      

          def testHomePage(self):
      


      

      

              # Get Django home page.
      


      

      

              self.browser.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/')
      


      

      

              # Sleep 10 seconds to wait for the page load.
      


      

      

              time.sleep(10)
      


      

      

              # Assert whether the web page title contains word Djangl or not.
      


      

      

              self.assertIn("Djangl", self.browser.title, 'Browser title do not contains Django')
      


      

       
      

      

      if __name__ == '__main__':
      


      

      

          # Runn all test case function.
      


      

      

          unittest.main()
      


      


      


      


      


      2. 

    2. Run above python code will get the below error message in the console.

      

      

      

      

      ======================================================================
      


      

      

      FAIL: testHomePage (__main__.DjangoTest)
      


      

      

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------
      


      

      

      Traceback (most recent call last):
      


      

      

        File "/Users/zhaosong/Documents/WorkSpace/dev2qa.com-example-code/PythonExampleProject/com/dev2qa/example/selenium/SeleniumDjangoExample.py", line 23, in testHomePage
      


      

      

          self.assertIn("Djangl", self.browser.title, 'Browser title do not contains Django')
      


      

      

      AssertionError: 'Djangl' not found in 'Django: the Web framework for perfectionists with deadlines.' : Browser title do not contains Django
      


      

      

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------
      


      

      

      Ran 1 test in 15.181s
      


      

      

      FAILED (failures=1)
      


      


      


      


      


      3. 






selenium用法详解
selenium主要是用来做自动化测试，支持多种浏览器，爬虫中主要用来解决JavaScript渲染问题。
模拟浏览器进行网页加载，当requests,urllib无法正常获取网页内容的时候

一、声明浏览器对象
注意点一，Python文件名或者包名不要命名为selenium，会导致无法导入
from selenium import webdriver
#webdriver可以认为是浏览器的驱动器，要驱动浏览器必须用到webdriver，支持多种浏览器，这里以Chrome为例
browser = webdriver.Chrome()

二、访问页面并获取网页html
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
print(browser.page_source)#browser.page_source是获取网页的全部html
browser.close()

三、查找元素
单个元素
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input_first = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
input_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#q')
input_third = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="q"]')
print(input_first,input_second,input_third)
browser.close()
常用的查找方法
find_element_by_name
find_element_by_xpath
find_element_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_tag_name
find_element_by_class_name
find_element_by_css_selector
也可以使用通用的方法
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input_first = browser.find_element(BY.ID,'q')#第一个参数传入名称，第二个传入具体的参数
print(input_first)
browser.close()
多个元素，elements多个s
input_first = browser.find_elements_by_id('q')

四、元素交互操作-搜索框传入关键词进行自动搜索
from selenium import webdriver
import time
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input = browser.find_element_by_id('q')#找到搜索框
input.send_keys('iPhone')#传送入关键词
time.sleep(5)
input.clear()#清空搜索框
input.send_keys('男士内裤')
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')#找到搜索按钮
button.click()
更多操作: http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement#可以有属性、截图等等

五、交互动作，驱动浏览器进行动作，模拟拖拽动作，将动作附加到动作链中串行执行
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains#引入动作链

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')#切换到iframeResult框架
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')#找到被拖拽对象
target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#droppable')#找到目标
actions = ActionChains(browser)#声明actions对象
actions.drag_and_drop(source, target)
actions.perform()#执行动作
更多操作: http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains

六、执行JavaScript
有些动作可能没有提供api，比如进度条下拉，这时，我们可以通过代码执行JavaScript
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
browser.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')
browser.execute_script('alert("To Bottom")')

七、获取元素信息
获取属性
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
logo = browser.find_element_by_id('zh-top-link-logo')#获取网站logo
print(logo)
print(logo.get_attribute('class'))
browser.close()

获取文本值
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input.text)#input.text文本值
browser.close()

# 获取Id，位置，标签名，大小
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input.id)#获取id
print(input.location)#获取位置
print(input.tag_name)#获取标签名
print(input.size)#获取大小
browser.close()

八、Frame操作
frame相当于独立的网页，如果在父类网frame查找子类的，则必须切换到子类的frame，子类如果查找父类也需要先切换

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')
print(source)
try:
    logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')
except NoSuchElementException:
    print('NO LOGO')
browser.switch_to.parent_frame()
logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')
print(logo)
print(logo.text)

九、等待

隐式等待
当使用了隐式等待执行测试的时候，如果 WebDriver没有在 DOM中找到元素，将继续等待，超出设定时间后则抛出找不到元素的异常,
换句话说，当查找元素或元素并没有立即出现的时候，隐式等待将等待一段时间再查找 DOM，默认的时间是0

from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.implicitly_wait(10)#等待十秒加载不出来就会抛出异常，10秒内加载出来正常返回
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input)

显式等待
指定一个等待条件，和一个最长等待时间，程序会判断在等待时间内条件是否满足，如果满足则返回，如果不满足会继续等待，超过时间就会抛出异常
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
input = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'q')))
button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.btn-search')))
print(input, button)

title_is 标题是某内容
title_contains 标题包含某内容
presence_of_element_located 元素加载出，传入定位元组，如(By.ID, 'p')
visibility_of_element_located 元素可见，传入定位元组
visibility_of 可见，传入元素对象
presence_of_all_elements_located 所有元素加载出
text_to_be_present_in_element 某个元素文本包含某文字
text_to_be_present_in_element_value 某个元素值包含某文字
frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it frame加载并切换
invisibility_of_element_located 元素不可见
element_to_be_clickable 元素可点击
staleness_of 判断一个元素是否仍在DOM，可判断页面是否已经刷新
element_to_be_selected 元素可选择，传元素对象
element_located_to_be_selected 元素可选择，传入定位元组
element_selection_state_to_be 传入元素对象以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
element_located_selection_state_to_be 传入定位元组以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
alert_is_present 是否出现Alert

详细内容：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions

十一、前进后退-实现浏览器的前进后退以浏览不同的网页
import time
from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
browser.get('https://www.python.org/')
browser.back()
time.sleep(1)
browser.forward()
browser.close()

十二、Cookies
from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.add_cookie({'name': 'name', 'domain': 'www.zhihu.com', 'value': 'germey'})
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.delete_all_cookies()
print(browser.get_cookies())

选项卡管理 增加浏览器窗口
import time
from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('window.open()')
print(browser.window_handles)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(1)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get('http://www.fishc.com')

十三、异常处理
from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.find_element_by_id('hello')

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
except TimeoutException:
    print('Time Out')
try:
    browser.find_element_by_id('hello')
except NoSuchElementException:
    print('No Element')
finally:
    browser.close()
# 详细文档：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.common.exceptions






            

            
posted @ 
2023-07-11 17:09 
花生与酒 
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