5.Nginx配置介绍

Nginx配置介绍

一个http下面有多个server，一个server下面可以有多个location

main        # 全局配置，对全局生效
├── events  # 配置影响 Nginx 服务器或与用户的网络连接
├── http    # 配置代理，缓存，日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置
│   ├── upstream # 配置后端服务器具体地址，负载均衡配置不可或缺的部分
│   ├── server   # 配置虚拟主机的相关参数，一个 http 块中可以有多个 server 块
│   ├── server
│   │   ├── location  # server 块可以包含多个 location 块，location 指令用于匹配 uri
│   │   ├── location
│   │   └── ...
│   └── ...
└── ...

nginx.conf

user  nginx;                        # 运行用户，默认即是nginx，可以不进行设置
worker_processes  1;                # Nginx 进程数，一般设置为和 CPU 核数一样
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;   # Nginx 的错误日志存放目录
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;      # Nginx 服务启动时的 pid 存放位置

events {
    use epoll;     # 使用epoll的I/O模型(如果你不知道Nginx该使用哪种轮询方法，会自动选择一个最适合你操作系统的)
    worker_connections 1024;   # 每个进程允许最大并发数(worker_processes核数【进程】)
}

http {   # 配置使用最频繁的部分，代理、缓存、日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置都在这里设置
    # 设置日志模式
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;   # Nginx访问日志存放位置

    sendfile            on;   # 开启高效传输模式
    tcp_nopush          on;   # 减少网络报文段的数量
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;   # 保持连接的时间，也叫超时时间，单位秒
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;      # 文件扩展名与类型映射表(可以导入其他配置文件)
    default_type        application/octet-stream;   # 默认文件类型

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;   # 加载子配置项
    
    server {
    	listen       80;       # 配置监听的端口
    	server_name  localhost;    # 配置的域名(可以设置服务器ip或域名)
    	
    	location / {
    		root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  # 网站根目录
    		index  index.html index.htm;   # 默认首页文件
    		deny 172.168.22.11;   # 禁止访问的ip地址，可以为all
    		allow 172.168.33.44； # 允许访问的ip地址，可以为all
    	}
    	
    	error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;  # 默认50x对应的访问页面
    	error_page 400 404 error.html;   # 同上
    }
}

默认nginx.conf的配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
#error_log  "pipe:rollback logs/error_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G";

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    #access_log  "pipe:rollback logs/access_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G"  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
				charset utf-8;
        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        #access_log  "pipe:rollback logs/host.access_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G"  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            charset utf-8;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # pass the Dubbo rpc to Dubbo provider server listening on 127.0.0.1:20880
        #
        #location /dubbo {
        #    dubbo_pass_all_headers on;
        #    dubbo_pass_set args $args;
        #    dubbo_pass_set uri $uri;
        #    dubbo_pass_set method $request_method;
        #
        #    dubbo_pass org.apache.dubbo.samples.tengine.DemoService 0.0.0 tengineDubbo dubbo_backend;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # upstream for Dubbo rpc to Dubbo provider server listening on 127.0.0.1:20880
    #
    #upstream dubbo_backend {
    #    multi 1;
    #    server 127.0.0.1:20880;
    #}

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
}