Rails源码分析——delegate(转载)
Delegate是一种应用composite来代替extend的机制,可以有效地降低代码的耦合性。
Rails 2.2增加了delegate方法,可以十分方便地实现delegate机制。来看看源码吧:
def delegate(*methods) options = methods.pop unless options.is_a?(Hash) && to = options[:to] raise ArgumentError, "Delegation needs a target. Supply an options hash with a :to key as the last argument (e.g. delegate :hello, :to => :greeter)." end if options[:prefix] == true && options[:to].to_s =~ /^[^a-z_]/ raise ArgumentError, "Can only automatically set the delegation prefix when delegating to a method." end prefix = options[:prefix] && "#{options[:prefix] == true ? to : options[:prefix]}_" methods.each do |method| module_eval(<<-EOS, "(__DELEGATION__)", 1) def #{prefix}#{method}(*args, &block) #{to}.__send__(#{method.inspect}, *args, &block) end EOS end end
delegate方法首先检查传入的参数,正确参数形式为:method1, :method2, ..., :methodN, :to => klass[, :prefix => prefix]
delegate要求参数的最后必须是一个Hash,:to表示需要代理的类,:prefix表示代理的方法是否要加前缀,如果:prefix => true,则代理的方法名为klass_method1, klass_method2, ..., klass_methodN,如果:prefix => prefix (prefix为string),则代理的方法名为prefix_method1, prefix_method2, ..., prefix_methodN。
最终通过module_eval动态生成每个方法定义。通过send方法调用:to类的方法。
来看看调用的例子:
简单的调用:
class Greeter ActiveRecord::Base def hello() "hello" end def goodbye() "goodbye" end end class Foo ActiveRecord::Base delegate :hello, :goodbye, :to => :greeter end Foo.new.hello # => "hello" Foo.new.goodbye # => "goodbye"
增加:prefix = true:
class Foo ActiveRecord::Base delegate :hello, :goodbye, :to => :greeter, :prefix => true end Foo.new.greeter_hello # => "hello" Foo.new.greeter_goodbye # => "goodbye"
自定义前缀名:
class Foo ActiveRecord::Base delegate :hello, :goodbye, :to => :greeter, :prefix => :foo end Foo.new.foo_hello # => "hello" Foo.new.foo_goodbye # => "goodbye"
ruby的动态性再一次发挥了强大的功能!