List

 

 


 

Map

两种方式循环遍历map

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Map<String,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("a",1);
    map.put("b",2);
    map.put("c",3);
    //map.keySet() 返回key值的set集合
    for(String s:map.keySet()){
        System.out.println(s+" = "+map.get(s));
    }
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
    Map<String,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("a",1);
    map.put("b",2);
    map.put("c",3);
    //entrySet()包含每一个key-value映射,可以同时遍历 key和value
    for(Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry:map.entrySet()){
        System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"="+entry.getValue());
    }
}

如果key是 enum类型的话,推荐使用EnumMap

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Map<DayOfWeek, String> map = new EnumMap<>(DayOfWeek.class);
    map.put(DayOfWeek.MONDAY, "星期一");
    map.put(DayOfWeek.TUESDAY, "星期二");
    map.put(DayOfWeek.WEDNESDAY, "星期三");
    map.put(DayOfWeek.THURSDAY, "星期四");
    map.put(DayOfWeek.FRIDAY, "星期五");
    map.put(DayOfWeek.SATURDAY, "星期六");
    map.put(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY, "星期日");
    System.out.println(map);
    System.out.println(map.get(DayOfWeek.MONDAY));
}

 


 

Set

 


 

Queue

把元素添加到队列末尾、从队列头部取出元素

  • int size():获取队列长度
  • boolean add(E)/boolean offer(E):添加元素到队尾
  • E remove()/E poll():获取队首元素并从队列中删除
  • E element()/E peek():获取队首元素但并不从队列中删除

add()/remove()/element() 失败会抛异常,offer()/poll()/peek() 失败会返回false或null

 

 

 PriorityQueue:优先队列

PriorityQueueQueue的区别在于,它的出队顺序与元素的优先级有关,对PriorityQueue调用remove()poll()方法,返回的总是优先级最高的元素。

放入PriorityQueue的元素,必须实现Comparable接口,PriorityQueue会根据元素的排序顺序决定出队的优先级,以下例子是按照字母排序出队的

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Queue<String> q = new PriorityQueue<>();
        // 添加3个元素到队列:
        q.offer("apple");
        q.offer("pear");
        q.offer("banana");
        System.out.println(q.poll()); // apple
        System.out.println(q.poll()); // banana
        System.out.println(q.poll()); // pear
        System.out.println(q.poll()); // null,因为队列为空
    }
}

如果要放入的元素并没有实现Comparable接口,PriorityQueue允许我们提供一个Comparator对象来判断两个元素的顺序

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //UserComparator()是 compator对象
        Queue<User> q = new PriorityQueue<>(new UserComparator());
        // 添加3个元素到队列:
        q.offer(new User("Bob", "A1"));
        q.offer(new User("Alice", "A2"));
        q.offer(new User("Boss", "V1"));
        System.out.println(q.poll()); // Boss/V1
        System.out.println(q.poll()); // Bob/A1
        System.out.println(q.poll()); // Alice/A2
        System.out.println(q.poll()); // null,因为队列为空
    }
}

class UserComparator implements Comparator<User> {
    public int compare(User u1, User u2) {
        if (u1.number.charAt(0) == u2.number.charAt(0)) {
            // 如果两人的号都是A开头或者都是V开头,比较号的大小:
            return u1.number.compareTo(u2.number);
        }
        if (u1.number.charAt(0) == 'V') {
            // u1的号码是V开头,优先级高:
            return -1;
        } else {
            return 1;
        }
    }
}

class User {
    public final String name;
    public final String number;

    public User(String name, String number) {
        this.name = name;
        this.number = number;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return name + "/" + number;
    }
}

 

Deque:双端队列

与Queue对比下

 

 

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Deque<String> deque = new LinkedList<>();
        deque.offerLast("A"); // A
        deque.offerLast("B"); // A <- B
        deque.offerFirst("C"); // C <- A <- B
        System.out.println(deque.pollFirst()); // C, 剩下A <- B
        System.out.println(deque.pollLast()); // B, 剩下A
        System.out.println(deque.pollFirst()); // A
        System.out.println(deque.pollFirst()); // null
    }
}

 


 

Stack (栈)

只有入栈和出栈的操作:

  • 把元素压栈:push(E)
  • 把栈顶的元素“弹出”:pop()
  • 取栈顶元素但不弹出:peek()

Java中,我们用Deque可以实现Stack的功能,注意只调用push()/pop()/peek()方法,避免调用Deque的其他方法

 

 posted on 2021-04-30 17:07  Lverson_tester  阅读(57)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报