实战Tomcat镜像

TomCat目录结构说明

#TomCat目录结构说明:
bin:该目录存放TomCat二进制可执行文件,常用的有startup.bat和shutdown.bat文件,startup.bat用来启动Tomcat,shutdown.bat用来停止Tomcat;
conf:TomCat服务器的配置目录,主要有server.xml(配置服务器信息,如修改端口号,添加虚拟主机等)、tomcat-users.xml(TomCat用户与角色信息,对TomCat后台管理)和web.xml(Web项目部署描述符文件);
lib:Tomcat所需的jar包;
logs:存放TomCat的日志文件;
temp:存放Tomcat的临时文件;
webapps:存放所部署的Web项目;
work:存放Web项目部署运行时生成的文件,如java和class文件;
RUNNING.txt:可查看如何配置TomCat环境变量。

#TomCat配置环境变量

Tomcat是Java应用程序,不直接使用环境变量。
环境变量由Tomcat启动脚本使用。脚本使用
环境变量来准备启动Tomcat的命令。

(3.1)设置CATALINA_HOME(必填)和CATALINA_BASE(可选)

CATALINA_HOME环境变量应设置为
Tomcat“二进制”分发的根目录。

Tomcat启动脚本具有一些逻辑来设置此变量
如果不存在,则根据启动脚本的位置自动进行
在* nix中和Windows的当前目录中。该逻辑可能不起作用在所有情况下,建议显式设置变量。

CATALINA_BASE环境变量指定根的位置
Tomcat“活动配置”的目录。它是可选的。它默认等于CATALINA_HOME。
#jdk目录结构说明

bin目录:Java工具的可执行文件,包括: java、Java编译器javac、反编译.class文件javap、密钥管理工具keytool、Java文档工具javadoc等。
COPYRIGHT文件:版权信息。
db目录:Java实现的数据库。
include目录:.h头文件,C语言开发时用到的头文件。比如jni.h是开发jni程序时必须引用的头文件。
lib目录: Java类库,我们经常看到的dt.jar和tools.jar就在这个目录下。
src.zip文件:Java类库源码,包括了rt.jar库中的关键部分;除了Java类库,还包含了启动器(launcher)的源码(C语言实现)。
jre目录:Java运行环境。

#jdk配置环境变量

JDK安装完成后,首先要配置JAVA_HOME变量,JAVA_HOME变量指向JDK的安装目录,配置JAVA_HOME主要目的是: 
(1)配置其它JDK环境变量时,可以方便地引用JDK的安装目录。

(2)JDK安装完成后,需要配置Path环境变量,以方便开发者运行Java编译器等程序。开发者不管是用集成开发工具还是文本编辑工具编写Java程序时,当集成开发工具调用Java编译器或用户在Windows 命令行窗口输入命令运行Java编译器时,操作系统需要从Path环境变量获取Java编译器等程序所在目录并启动运行。例如:假设Java集成开发工具或Windows 命令行窗口的当前工作目录和Java编译器所在目录不同,开发者又没有在path环境变量中配置Java编译器所在目录的路径,操作系统就找不到Java编译器程序,也就无法启动Java编译器程序进行编译工作。

(3)Java源代码被被编译后形成扩展名为“.class”的文件,JVM(Java虚拟机)运行Java 程序时,需要加载已被编译的“.class”的文件以及该“.class”文件导入的其它类(如Java的System类)。设置CLASSPATH的目的就是让JVM能够通过CLASSPATH设置的路径找到这些类文件

ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
告诉jvm要使用或执行的class放在什么路径上,便于JVM加载class文件,.;表示当前路径,tools.jar和dt.jar为类库路径。

CLASSPATH详解:
tools.jar
	工具类库(编译和运行等),它跟我们程序中用到的基础类库没有关系。我们注意到在Path中变量值bin目录下的各个exe工具的大小都很小,一般都在27KB左右,这是因为它们实际上仅仅相当于是一层代码的包装,这些工具的实现所要用到的类库都在tools.jar中,用压缩软件打开tools.jar,你会发现有很多文件是和bin目录下的exe工具相对性的,查看图一。当然,如果tools.jar的功能只有这些的话,那么我们根本不用把它加入到CLASSPATH变量中,因为bin目录下的工具自己可以完成对这些类库的调用,因此tools.jar应该还有其他的功能。在里面还可以看到有Applet和RMI等相关的文件,因此tools.jar应该还是远程调用等必须的jar包。tools.jar的其他作用可以查看其他资料。

dt.jar
	运行环境类库,主要是Swing包,这一点通过用压缩软件打开dt.jar也可以看到。如果在开发时候没有用到Swing包,那么可以不用将dt.jar添加到CLASSPATH变量中。

CLASSPATH中的类库是由Application ClassLoader或者我们自定义的类加载器来加载的,这里当然不能包括基础类库,如果包括基础类库的话,并用两个不同的自定义类加载器去加载该基础类,那它得到的该基础类就不是唯一的了,这样便不能保证Java类的安全性。

基本类库和扩展类库rt.jar
	基本类库是所有的 import java.* 开头的类,在 %JAVA_HOME%\jre\lib 目录下(如其中的 rt.jar、resource.jar ),类加载机制提到,该目录下的类会由 Bootstrap ClassLoader 自动加载,并通过亲委派模型保证了基础类库只会被Bootstrap ClassLoader加载,这也就保证了基础类的唯一性。
	扩展类库是所有的 import javax.* 开头的类,在 %JAVA_HOME%\jre\lib\ext 目录下,该目录下的类是由Extension ClassLoader 自动加载,不需要我们指定。

准备镜像文件

准备镜像文件、tomcat压缩包、jdk压缩包。

apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar
jdk-8u271-linux-x64.tar

编写Dockerfile文件

官方命名:Dockerfile,build会自动寻找这个文件,就不需要-f指定了!

容器内部/usr/local目录下就会看到readme.txt这个文件
将压缩包添加进去 跟解压路径
注:用ADD命令添加进去的.tar.gz文件会自动解压
安装基础的命令
设置ENV环境变量 进去的时候就进入到环境变量
配置工作目录

配置JAVA环境变量

配置Tomcat环境变量

暴露端口

FROM centos
MAINTAINER lwenwu<lwenwu1999@qq.com>

COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt

ADD jdk-8u271-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz /usr/local

RUN yum -y install vim

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_271
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

EXPOSE 8080

CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/logs/catalina.out

构建镜像

docker build -t diytomcat .

构建过程

[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker build -t testtomcat .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  154.4MB
Step 1/15 : FROM centos
latest: Pulling from library/centos
3c72a8ed6814: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:76d24f3ba3317fa945743bb3746fbaf3a0b752f10b10376960de01da70685fbd
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
 ---> 0d120b6ccaa8
Step 2/15 : MAINTAINER lwenwu<lwenwu1999@qq.com>
 ---> Running in 47b5eb8df66b
Removing intermediate container 47b5eb8df66b
 ---> 49bcdfea4e32
Step 3/15 : COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
 ---> 2a6be7198e44
Step 4/15 : ADD jdk-8u271-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
 ---> 88e1646ee66d
Step 5/15 : ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz /usr/local
 ---> 259ee757cb6f
Step 6/15 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in 2d1b5f504afa
CentOS-8 - AppStream                            3.3 MB/s | 5.8 MB     00:01    
CentOS-8 - Base                                 2.5 MB/s | 2.2 MB     00:00    
CentOS-8 - Extras                                13 kB/s | 8.1 kB     00:00    
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-15.el8             AppStream       39 k
 vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream      6.3 M
 vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream       48 k
 which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               BaseOS          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 31 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm        176 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00    
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch.rp 697 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
(3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm             474 kB/s |  49 kB     00:00    
(4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.6 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00    
(5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm    4.2 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:01    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           2.2 MB/s | 7.8 MB     00:03     
warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 - AppStream                            825 kB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64    
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64             

Complete!
Removing intermediate container 2d1b5f504afa
 ---> 104e56b60aec
Step 7/15 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Running in 9582f9a31cee
Removing intermediate container 9582f9a31cee
 ---> dd0e414f6f83
Step 8/15 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Running in 5a1b9e7b62c7
Removing intermediate container 5a1b9e7b62c7
 ---> 4a2e99caa954
Step 9/15 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_271
 ---> Running in 4d8ee0c67b7b
Removing intermediate container 4d8ee0c67b7b
 ---> 8da62fbac351
Step 10/15 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
 ---> Running in 065821bf046e
Removing intermediate container 065821bf046e
 ---> ad73e38ee464
Step 11/15 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
 ---> Running in 4792108504fd
Removing intermediate container 4792108504fd
 ---> e5ad1371c5c4
Step 12/15 : ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
 ---> Running in 62dbef974ce0
Removing intermediate container 62dbef974ce0
 ---> a494ad3353e3
Step 13/15 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
 ---> Running in 2cc75de94c1e
Removing intermediate container 2cc75de94c1e
 ---> 06bec94756ec
Step 14/15 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> Running in ccbe33eefb43
Removing intermediate container ccbe33eefb43
 ---> 75e040b2f7c3
Step 15/15 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/logs/catalina.out
 ---> Running in ad622bea20ad
Removing intermediate container ad622bea20ad
 ---> 13aa57b24d7f
Successfully built 13aa57b24d7f
Successfully tagged testtomcat:latest

查看镜像

docker images

后台运行容器

-d:后台运行

挂载目录

docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name tomcattest -v /data/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/webapps/test -v /data/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/logs testtomcat

测试挂载

容器内:

容器外:

进入容器

查看运行容器

docker ps


进入容器

docker exec -it ID /bin/bash

访问测试

容器外面测试

curl localhost:9090
[root@localhost data]# curl localhost:9090



<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <title>Apache Tomcat/9.0.39</title>
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>

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                        Users are defined in:</p>
                        <pre>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml</pre>
                        <p>In Tomcat 9.0 access to the manager application is split between
                           different users. &nbsp; <a href="/docs/manager-howto.html">Read more...</a></p>
                        <br />
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                        <p>Find additional important configuration information in:</p>
                        <pre>$CATALINA_HOME/RUNNING.txt</pre>
                        <p>Developers may be interested in:</p>
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                        <h4>Miscellaneous</h4>
                        <ul>
                            <li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/contact.html">Contact</a></li>
                            <li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/legal.html">Legal</a></li>
                            <li><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
                            <li><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col20">
                    <div class="container">
                        <h4>Apache Software Foundation</h4>
                        <ul>
                            <li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/whoweare.html">Who We Are</a></li>
                            <li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/heritage.html">Heritage</a></li>
                            <li><a href="https://www.apache.org">Apache Home</a></li>
                            <li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/resources.html">Resources</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <br class="separator" />
            </div>
            <p class="copyright">Copyright &copy;1999-2020 Apache Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved</p>
        </div>
    </body>

</html>
[root@localhost data]#

网页测试

http://192.168.100.100:9090


【坑】报错日志:

/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/bin/catalina.sh: line 502: /usr/local/jdk.1.8.0.27/bin/java: No such file or directory
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/bin/catalina.sh: line 502: /usr/local/jdk.1.8.0.27/bin/java: No such file or directory

分析修改环境变量

#ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_271		java环境变量错误,导致后面引用的变量都错误,最终导致Tomcat没有启动成功。

html测试

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
                             http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         version="2.5">

</web-app>

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>hello.lwenwu!</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World!<br/>
<%
out.println("this is a test file");
%>
</body>
</html>

失败

分析:

posted @ 2020-11-25 12:15  Lwenwu  阅读(1426)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报