OS第1次实验报告:熟悉使用Linux命令和剖析ps命令
- 姓名 吕煜华
- 学号 201821121046
- 班级 计算1812
1. 实验环境介绍
给出实验环境：
- 操作系统：Win10家庭版（17763.1075）
- 平台：Cygwin
- 用户名：lvyuhua
2. 常用命令使用
3. 剖析ps命令
方法拷贝
SYNOPSIS
ps [−aA] [−defl] [−g grouplist] [−G grouplist]
[−n namelist] [−o format]... [−p proclist] [−t termlist]
[−u userlist] [−U userlist]
DESCRIPTION
The ps utility shall write information about processes, subject to
having appropriate privileges to obtain information about those pro‐
cesses.
By default, ps shall select all processes with the same effective user
ID as the current user and the same controlling terminal as the in‐
voker.
OPTIONS
The ps utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of
POSIX.1‐2008, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported:
−a Write information for all processes associated with termi‐
nals. Implementations may omit session leaders from this
list.
−A Write information for all processes.
−d Write information for all processes, except session leaders.
−e Write information for all processes. (Equivalent to −A.)
−f Generate a full listing. (See the STDOUT section for the
contents of a full listing.)
−g grouplist
Write information for processes whose session leaders are
given in grouplist. The application shall ensure that the
grouplist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
<comma>-separated list.
−G grouplist
Write information for processes whose real group ID numbers
are given in grouplist. The application shall ensure that
the grouplist is a single argument in the form of a <blank>
or <comma>-separated list.
−l Generate a long listing. (See STDOUT for the contents of a
long listing.)
−n namelist
Specify the name of an alternative system namelist file in
place of the default. The name of the default file and the
format of a namelist file are unspecified.
−o format Write information according to the format specification given
in format. This is fully described in the STDOUT section.
Multiple −o options can be specified; the format specifica‐
tion shall be interpreted as the <space>-separated concate‐
nation of all the format option-arguments.
−p proclist
Write information for processes whose process ID numbers are
given in proclist. The application shall ensure that the
proclist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
<comma>-separated list.
−t termlist
Write information for processes associated with terminals
given in termlist. The application shall ensure that the
termlist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
<comma>-separated list. Terminal identifiers shall be given
in an implementation-defined format. On XSI-conformant sys‐
tems, they shall be given in one of two forms: the device's
filename (for example, tty04) or, if the device's filename
starts with tty, just the identifier following the characters
tty (for example, "04").
−u userlist
Write information for processes whose user ID numbers or lo‐
gin names are given in userlist. The application shall en‐
sure that the userlist is a single argument in the form of a
<blank> or <comma>-separated list. In the listing, the nu‐
merical user ID shall be written unless the −f option is
used, in which case the login name shall be written.
−U userlist
Write information for processes whose real user ID numbers or
login names are given in userlist. The application shall
ensure that the userlist is a single argument in the form of
a <blank> or <comma>-separated list.
With the exception of −f, −l, −n namelist, and −o format, all of the
options shown are used to select processes. If any are specified, the
default list shall be ignored and ps shall select the processes repre‐
sented by the inclusive OR of all the selection-criteria options.
运行ps：
运行ps -ef：
参数-e：显示用户的所有进程
参数-f ：全格式
运行ps aux：
参数a：显示现行终端机下的所有程序，包括其他用户的程序
参数u：以用户为主的格式来显示程序状况
参数x：显示所有程序，不以终端机来区分
字段解释:
UID ：用户ID
PID ：进程 ID
PPID ：父进程ID
PGID ：进程组领头进程的PID
TTY ：终端的次要装置号码
STIME ：进程开始时间
CMD ：所执行的指令
4. 通过该实验产生新的疑问及解答
1.怎么修改用户名？
解决方法：通过网上查找方法，在etc目录下的passwd文件中找到原用户名将其替换为自己的名字
2.运行man ps失败？
解决方法：自己解决无果，在同学的帮助下将usr\share中的man文件夹替换，最终成功运行
