synchronized 和 Lock 有什么区别?

1. 原始构成

synchronized 是关键字属于 JVM 层面。

    * monitorenter(底层是通过monitor对象来完成,其实 wait/notify 等方法也依赖monitor对象,只有在同步块或方法中才能调 wait/notify等方法

    * monitorexit

Lock.是具体类(java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock)是 api 层面的锁

2. 使用方法

synchronized 不需要用户去主动释放锁,当 synchronized 代码执行完后系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用

ReentrantLock 则需要用户去手动释放锁若没有主动释放锁,就有可能导致出现死锁现象。

    * 需要 lock() 和 unlock()方法配合 try/finally 语句块来完成。

3. 等待是否可中断

synchronized 不可中断,除非抛出异常或者正常运行完成。

ReentrantLock 可中断:3.1 设置超时方法tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)

                                       3.2 lockInterruptibly()放代码块中,调用interrupt() 方法可中断

4. 加锁是否公平

synchronized非公平锁

ReentrantLock两者都可以,默认非公平锁,构造方法可以传入boolean值,true为公平锁,false为非公平锁

5. 锁绑定多个条件Condition

synchronized没有

ReentrantLock 用来实现分组唤醒需要唤醒的线程们,可以精确唤醒,而不是像synchronized要么随机唤醒一个线程,要么唤醒全部线程。

示例:A、B、C 三个线程顺序工作,分别打印 5、10、15次

  1 class ShareResource {
  2     private int number = 1;  // A:1 B:2 C:3
  3     private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
  4     private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
  5     private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
  6     private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
  7 
  8     public void aPrint() {
  9         lock.lock();
 10         try {
 11             while (number != 1) {
 12                 condition1.await();
 13             }
 14             for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
 15                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
 16             }
 17             number = 2;
 18             condition2.signal();
 19         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 20             e.printStackTrace();
 21         } finally {
 22             lock.unlock();
 23         }
 24     }
 25 
 26     public void bPrint() {
 27         lock.lock();
 28         try {
 29             while (number != 2) {
 30                 condition2.await();
 31             }
 32             for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
 33                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
 34             }
 35             number = 3;
 36             condition3.signal();
 37         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 38             e.printStackTrace();
 39         } finally {
 40             lock.unlock();
 41         }
 42     }
 43 
 44     public void cPrint() {
 45         lock.lock();
 46         try {
 47             while (number != 3) {
 48                 condition3.await();
 49             }
 50             for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++) {
 51                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
 52             }
 53             number = 1;
 54             condition1.signal();
 55         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 56             e.printStackTrace();
 57         } finally {
 58             lock.unlock();
 59         }
 60     }
 61 }
 62 
 63 public class SyncAndReentrantLockDemo {
 64 
 65     public static void main(String[] args) {
 66         ShareResource shareResource = new ShareResource();
 67 
 68         new Thread(() -> {
 69             for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 70                 shareResource.aPrint();
 71             }
 72         }, "A").start();
 73 
 74         new Thread(() -> {
 75             for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 76                 shareResource.bPrint();
 77             }
 78         }, "B").start();
 79 
 80         new Thread(() -> {
 81             for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 82                 shareResource.cPrint();
 83             }
 84         }, "C").start();
 85     }
 86 }
posted @ 2019-12-17 11:32  辰凩風  阅读(230)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报