286句常用英语句型

Unit 1　There be句型

2022年8月30日星期二

Lesson 1　There be……有……

句型“There be……”是表示某事物存在与否的句型，句中的“there”只起到引导的作用，
句子的真正主语是谓语动词“be”后面的单数可数名词或者复数可数名词。
“be”的情况视主语而定，且与最邻近的主语保持一致。

征服句型

◆There is a watermelon and some oranges on the table.桌子上有一个西瓜和一些橘子。
◆There is going to be a large basketball match in our city next week.我市下周将有一场大型的篮球比赛。
◆There was a Faye Wong concert in Hong Kong last night.昨晚香港有一场王菲的演唱会。
◆There is a painting by Van Gogh on the wall in Tom's home.汤姆家的墙上有一幅梵高的画。
◆There are some potato chips in the dish.碟子里有一些土豆片。
◆There will be a football game in our school next Friday.下周五我们学校将会有一场足球比赛。

Tips

该句型的时态有多种：
there is/are……现在时
疑问句：is 、 are there 
there was/were……过去时
疑问句：was、were there
there will be（未来发生，不一定会发生）/be going to（计划发生，近期即将发生，且即将发生或者发生的概率很高）……将来时
疑问句：will there 
疑问句：is、are there going to be
there has been/have been……
there had been……
疑问句：has、had there been
现在完成时和过去完成时的区别
	现在完成时的时间状语包含：this year、now、today、just、this week
	过去完成时必须要有一个过去的时间点，常用的时间状语仅at、by、before

征服对话

——Mom, I'm hungry！Is there something to eat?
——There is a box of biscuits and a bar of chocolate in the first cupboard.
——妈妈，我饿了！有什么吃的吗？
——第一层橱柜里有一盒饼干和一块巧克力。
——What are there in your cloakroom?
——There are one hundred pairs of high-heel shoes and more than one thousand clothes in it.
——You are very rich.
——你的衣帽间里有什么？
——有一百双高跟鞋和一千多件衣服。
——你真富有。
——There has been no rain for several months
——It is terrible. The crop does not grow well in this area
——这儿已经有几个月不下雨了。
——太可怕了，这个地区的庄稼长得不好。

Lesson 2　There must be……一定有……

句型“There be……”是表示某事物存在与否的句型，还可以用各种情态动词以及含有情态意义的动词或动词短语。“There must be……”翻译为“一定有……”。

征服句型

◆There must be another way to solve this problem.一定还有别的方法去解决这个问题。
◆There must be some misunderstanding.一定有一些误会。
◆Please wait, there must be something wrong.请等一等，一定有什么搞错了。
◆There must be something you want to forget in your life.在你的人生中一定有一些你想要忘记的事情。
◆I'm sure there must be a famous historical and cultural city you want to visit.我相信一定有一个知名的文化古城是你想要去参观的。
◆There must be something wrong with your computer.你的电脑一定有问题。

征服对话

——Do we have any food?
——There must be some food in your bag we can eat.
——ThanksG od！
——我们还有食物吗？
——你的背包里一定还有能吃的食物。
——谢天谢地！
——There used to be no school in the mountains.
——The learning environment is still poor here today.
——山区里曾经没有学校。
——现在这里的学习环境仍然很差。
——What happened in the supermarket today?
——There happened to be our president in the supermarket.
——It's amazing！
——今天在超市发生了什么？
——碰巧我们校长也在那个超市。
——这太不可思议了！

Tips

表达预见等意思。有如下句型：There may be……可能有……There used to be……曾经有……There seems to be……似乎有……There happen to be……碰巧有……等。

Lesson 3　There is no use/sense（in）doing something　做……没有用/没有意义

句型“There is no use/sense（in）doing something”中，介词in一般可省略，翻译为“做……没有用/没有意义”。

征服句型

◆There is no use in crying.哭是没有用的。
◆There is no use in sending me present.送我礼物也没有用。
◆There is no use arguing with boss on such things.在这样的事情上和你的上司辩论是没有用的。
◆There is no sense in waiting for a person who has no sense of responsibility.等一个没有责任感的人没有任何意义。
◆There is no sense in climbing that hill in the suburbs.去爬郊区的小山丘没有任何意义。
◆There is no sense in worrying about it now, it was done.现在担心已经没有意义了，因为事情已经发生了。

征服对话

——There is no sense in stopping to admire scenery here.
——Every part in our journey is a piece of beautiful picture.
——没有意义停下来欣赏这里的风景。
——在我们旅途中的每一处都是一幅美丽的画。
——Stop fighting！There is no good in arguing with the inevitable.
——We need to insist on something sometimes.
——不要再吵了！为不可避免的事情争吵没有意义。
——有时我们需要为一些事情坚持。
——Why must we go to urban area by car?
——There is no harm in walking there.
——为什么我们一定要开车去市区？
——不妨走路去。

Tips

根据句型中名词的不同，还有以下几种句型：There is no good in……做……毫无好处；There is no harm in……做……没有坏处。例如：There is no harm in trying it.不妨试一试。

Lesson 4　There seems/appears to be+主语　看起来……/似乎……

句型“There seems/appears to be+主语”中的“seem”和“appear”作系动词，很多时候句型中的“to be”可以省略，翻译为“看起来、似乎……”。

征服句型

◆There seems to be some mistakes in your thesis.你的论文中好像有几个错误。
◆There seems to be no better way to solve this thorny problem.好像没有更好的方法去解决这个棘手的问题了。
◆There seems to be no limit to his greed.似乎他的贪婪没有止境。
◆There seems to be that sleepy Persian cat was awakened by a loud noise.似乎那只贪睡的波斯猫被巨大的声响惊醒了。
◆There appears to be no danger now.现在似乎没有危险了。

征服对话

——It has been windy for a little while and there seems to be raining shortly.
——Let's go home quickly.
——已经刮了一会风了，似乎很快就要下雨了。
——我们快回家吧。
——It's too difficult, is there any other ways?
——There appears to be no alternative.
——太难了，还有别的方式吗？
——似乎没有别的选择了。
——There ought to be a mass of tourists come into our city.
——It's the tourist season now.
——应该有大量的游客进入我们城市。
——现在是旅游旺季。

Tips

本句型的标准形式是“There+不及物动词+to be+主语+状语”，句中的“there”和不及物动词加上“to be”后有“似乎、看起来”的含义。与本句型相似的句型有：There used to be……曾经有……There happen to be……碰巧有……There ought to be……应该有……There continues to be……依旧……等。例如：There used to be a printing house here 20 years ago.这儿20年前有一家印刷厂。

Lesson 5　There is no need……没有必要……

句型“There is no need……”中，“need”后面可以跟动名词或动词不定式。“need”后面可以加“for”表示对某人来说。句中的“there”不能用“it”来代替。本句型翻译为“没有必要/不能……”。

征服句型

◆There is no need for you to wait for me till midnight.你没有必要一直等我到午夜。
◆There is no need to apologize to an unreasonable person.没有必要向一个不讲道理的人道歉。
◆There is no need to learn something which you find to be of little value.
没有必要去研究没有价值的东西。
◆There is no need for your students to practice repeatedly.你的学生没有必要重复练习。
◆There is no need for a good student to stay up late before examination.对于好学生来说没有必要考前熬夜。

征服对话

——There is no need to show off your smartness in public.
——Each person has personal thought.
——没有必要在人前卖弄小聪明。
——每个人都有自己的想法。
——There is no saying what the passenger traffic is today.
——Well, it's large.
——说不出今天的客流量有多少。
——反正很大。
——Do you know when Lucy will come here?
——She is a careless girl and there is no telling when she will come.
——你知道露西什么时候来吗？
——她是一个粗心的女孩，我没有办法预测她什么时候来。

Tips

与本句型相似的句型有：There is no point……没有必要……There is no telling……很难说……There is no saying……无法说出……等。例如：There is no point in keeping on writing diary.没有必要坚持写日记。There is no saying how much her mink coat is.无法说出她的貂皮大衣多少钱。

Lesson 6　There be+名词/名词词组+doing something　某人/某物正在做某事

句型“There be+名词/名词词组+doing something”中的现在分词“doing”所表示的动作和前面的人或物存在主谓关系，“doing”是现在分词作后置定语，翻译为“某人/某物正在做某事”。

征服句型

◆There is a cute boy playing football.有一个可爱的小男孩正在踢足球。
◆There will be 100 couples coming to wine party.将会有100对夫妻参加酒会。
◆There is a yellowbird singing on the branch.有一只黄雀在枝头唱歌。
◆There was a couple of young man and woman quarrelling in the street.刚刚有一对年轻男女在大街上吵架。
◆There was a big bridge over Yangtze River several years ago.几年前有一座大桥横跨在长江上。

征服对话

——Speed up！There will be no time.
——Don't worry, there is a taxi coming round the corner.
——快点！来不及了。
——不要着急，街角来了一辆出租车。
——Could I ask you about this accident?
——There were two passengers injured and the driver dead.
——我能问你有关事故的情况吗？
——有两名乘客受伤，司机死了。
——There is nothing to be hide and give it to me quickly.
——Just a notebook.
——Well, then let me have a look what you have written in it.
——There is not much to look.
——没什么好藏的，快拿来我看看。
——只是一本笔记本。
——那么，让我看看你在里面写了什么。
——没有什么值得看的。

Tips

本句型的标准形式是“There be+名词/名词词组+不定式/现在分词/过去分词”，例如：There is nothing to be worried about.没有什么好担心的。

Lesson 7　There being……

句型“There being……”的标准形式是“There being+名词词组+主语+谓语”。“There being”也可看作是There be的非谓语形式，在句中作状语、主语等。“There being”还可以作介词宾语，相当于带逻辑主语的动名词形式。

征服句型

◆There being a drama called Mamma Mia in our city next week, I will go to watch it.下周我市将会有一场叫《妈妈咪呀》的话剧，我打算去看。
◆There being no further business moved me, I left.没有什么可以打动我，我离开了。
◆There being nothing else to do, we four played cards.没有别的事情做，我们四个就打牌了。
◆There being no time, this search team decided to give up continuing to make progress and double back.由于时间不够，这个搜索队决定放弃继续前进而折回。

征服对话

——There being a big tumult, we want to stay and subside it.
——Thank you very much.
——由于有很大的骚动，我们想要留下来平息它。
——太感谢你们了。
——Why is he in a bad temper?
——There being the bad weather, we had to stay at home and help our mother clear the house.
——他怎么心情不好了？
——由于天气不好，我们不得不留在家里帮妈妈打扫卫生。
——Your sister cried bitterly.
——There being the wet ground, she had a fall badly.
——你妹妹哭得好伤心啊。
——由于地面潮湿，她摔得很严重。

Tips

“there be”和“have”意思相似，“have”表示的是“拥有”的意思，而“there be”表示的是“存在”的意思。例如：There is a morning meeting every day.每天都有晨会。My grandfather has a pet dog.我爷爷有只宠物狗。

Lesson 8　What/where+……+be there……

句型“what/where+……+be there……”是一个疑问句型，标准形式是“疑问词+……+be there+介词短语”，一般的提问用句型“what/where is there”，如果认为是复数时可以用“what/where are there”的句型，翻译为“……有什么/在哪儿”。

征服句型

◆What is there on your computer desk?你的电脑桌上有什么？
◆What is there in your exquisite little box?你精致的小盒子里有什么？
◆What is there to lavish praise on her son to us?在我们面前有什么好吹捧她儿子的？
◆What are there in your new fridge?你的新冰箱里有什么东西？
◆Where is there the nearest hospital?最近的医院在哪儿？
◆Where is there a bus stop nearby?附近哪里有公共汽车站？
◆Where is there an apartment for rent?哪儿有房子出租？

征服对话

——What are there in your luggage?
——There is a pair of sports shoes, three pieces of coats and a pair of trousers.
——你的行李箱里有哪些东西啊？
——我的箱子里有一双运动鞋、三件衣服和一条裤子。
——How many men are there in your party?
——None, all of them are women.
——你的聚会上有多少男士？
——一个都没有，全是女士。
——How much water is there in your bottle?
——Only a little.
——你瓶子里有多少水啊？
——一点点。

Tips

与本句型相似的疑问词除了“what/where”之外，还有提问可数名词的东西有多少时用“How many”、谓语就要用“are there”，如提问的是不可数名词时要用“How much”，而谓语要用“is there”。例如：How many apples are there in your bag?你的袋子里有几个苹果？

Lesson 9　There+不及物动词+主语+状语

“there be”句型中的“be”常常由一些表示运动、状态等意义的不及物动词取代，常见的不及物动词有：arrive、come、enter、pass、go、appear、occur、develop、follow、reach、exist、lie、live、remain、stand、remember等词。

征服句型

◆There stands a camphor tree in front of my house.我家门前有一棵香樟树。
◆There comes a Land Rover.开来一辆路虎。
◆There occurred a sudden change in her marriage.她的婚姻突然发生了变故。
◆There remained a credit risk in this investment.在这个投资上仍然存在着信用风险。
◆There followed a series of chain reaction.接下来是一系列连锁反应。
◆There exist different opinions on this question.在这个问题上，人们有不同的观点。
◆There goes the last train.最后一班火车开走了。

征服对话

——Do you plant some plants in your garden?
——Yes, I do. There stand two apple trees and a pear tree.
——你在你的花园里种植物了吗？
——有啊，有两棵苹果树和一棵梨树。——Do you think there are someone living in the mountain?
——Yes, I do. I know there lived a family deep in the east mountain.
——你认为有人住在山里吗？
——是的。我知道在东边的深山里住了一户人家。
——What problem does there exist in our school?
——There lies cheating behavior.
——我们学校存在什么问题？
——存在作弊行为。

Tips

本句型是不及物动词的“there be”句型，及物动词的“there be”句型是“there be+及物动词的被动语态+to be+主语+（状语）”。
常见的有：there is expected to be……预计有……there is said to be……据说有……there is thought to be……据认为有……there is considered to be……据考虑有等。