并查集路径分裂优化 UnionFind PathSpliting(C++)

/*
 * UnionFind.h
 * 有两种实现方式,QuickFind和QuickUnion
 * QuickFind:
 *          查找O(1)
 *          合并O(n)
 * QuickUnion：(建议使用)
 *          查找O(logn)可优化至O(a(n)),a(n)<5
 *          合并O(logn)可优化至O(a(n)),a(n)<5
 *  Created on: 2020年2月13日
 *      Author: LuYonglei
 */

//由于QuickFind平均时间复杂度不理想，所以本文件只用QuickUnion来实现
//本文件基于rank实现优化
//在原有基础上实现路径分裂
#ifndef SRC_UNIONFIND_H_
#define SRC_UNIONFIND_H_
#include <assert.h>
#define DEFAULT_CAPACITY 10

class UnionFind {
public:
    UnionFind(int capacity) :
            capacity_(capacity > 0 ? capacity : DEFAULT_CAPACITY), parents(
                    new int[capacity > 0 ? capacity : DEFAULT_CAPACITY]), ranks(
                    new int[capacity > 0 ? capacity : DEFAULT_CAPACITY]) {
        //初始化构造函数
        for (int i = 0; i < capacity_; i++) {
            parents[i] = i;
            ranks[i] = 1; //以i为根节点的树的高度
        }
    }

    ~UnionFind() {
        //析构函数
        delete[] parents;
        delete[] ranks;
    }

    int findParent(int value) {
        assert(value < capacity_ && value >= 0);
        int parent = 0;
        while (value != parents[value]) {
            parent = parents[value];
            parents[value] = parents[parent]; //(当前元素的根)变为(当前元素原来的根的根)
            value = parent;
        }
        return value;
    }

    void unionValue(int leftValue, int rightValue) {
        //统一实现左边跟随右边
        int leftParent = findParent(leftValue);
        int rightParent = findParent(rightValue);
        if (leftParent == rightParent)
            return;
        if (ranks[leftParent] < ranks[rightParent]) {
            parents[leftParent] = rightParent;
        } else if (ranks[rightParent] > ranks[leftParent]) {
            parents[rightParent] = leftParent;
        } else {
            parents[leftParent] = rightParent;
            ranks[rightParent] += 1;
        }
    }

    bool isSame(int leftValue, int rightValue) {
        return findParent(leftValue) == findParent(rightValue);
    }

private:
    int capacity_;
    int *parents;
    int *ranks;
};

#endif /* SRC_UNIONFIND_H_ */