实验5 继承和多态

任务一：

publisher.hpp

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

// 发行/出版物类：Publisher （抽象类）
class Publisher {
public:
    Publisher(const string &s = "");            // 构造函数

public:
    virtual void publish() const = 0;                 // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
    virtual void use() const = 0;                     // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承

protected:
    string name;    // 发行/出版物名称
};

Publisher::Publisher(const string &s): name {s} {
}


// 图书类: Book
class Book: public Publisher {
public:
    Book(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");  // 构造函数

public:
    void publish() const override;        // 接口
    void use() const override;            // 接口

private:
    string author;          // 作者
};

Book::Book(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, author{a} {
}

void Book::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing book: 《" << name << "》 by " << author << endl;
}

void Book::use() const {
    cout << "Reading book: " << name << " by " << author << endl;
}


// 电影类: Film
class Film: public Publisher {
public:
    Film(const string &s = "", const string &d = "");   // 构造函数

public:
    void publish() const override;    // 接口
    void use() const override;        // 接口            

private:
    string director;        // 导演
};

Film::Film(const string &s, const string &d): Publisher{s}, director{d} {
}

void Film::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing film: <" << name << "> directed by " << director << endl;
}

void Film::use() const {
    cout << "Watching film: " << name << " directed by " << director << endl;
}


// 音乐类：Music
class Music: public Publisher {
public:
    Music(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");

public:
    void publish() const override;        // 接口
    void use() const override;            // 接口

private:
    string artist;      // 音乐艺术家名称
};

Music::Music(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, artist{a} {
}

void Music::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing music <" << name << "> by " << artist << endl;
}

void Music::use() const {
    cout << "Listening to music: " << name << " by " << artist << endl;
}

task1.cpp

#include "publisher.hpp"
#include <vector>
#include <typeinfo>

using std::vector;

void test() {
   vector<Publisher *> v;

   v.push_back(new Book("Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling"));
   v.push_back(new Film("The Godfather", "Francis Ford Coppola"));
   v.push_back(new Music("Blowing in the wind", "Bob Dylan"));

   for(auto &ptr: v) {
        cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << endl;  // 输出指针类型
        cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << endl;    // 输出指针指向的对象类型
        ptr->publish();
        ptr->use();
        cout << endl;
   }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

任务二：

book.hpp

#pragma once

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using std::string;
using std::ostream;
using std::endl;
using std::setw;
using std::left;

class Book {
public:
    Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price);

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book);

private:
    string name;        // 书名
    string author;      // 作者
    string translator;  // 译者
    string isbn;        // isbn号
    float price;        // 定价
};

// 成员函数实现
Book::Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price) {
    this->name = name;
    this->author = author;
    this->translator = translator;
    this->isbn = isbn;
    this->price = price;
}

// 友元实现
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book) {
    out << left;
    out << setw(15) << "书名:" << book.name << endl
        << setw(15) << "作者:" << book.author << endl
        << setw(15) << "译者:" << book.translator << endl
        << setw(15) << "ISBN:" << book.isbn << endl
        << setw(15) << "定价:" << book.price;

    return out;
}

booksale.hpp

#pragma once

#include "book.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>

using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::setw;

class BookSale {
public:
    BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount);
    int get_amount() const;
    
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item);

private:
    Book rb;         
    float sales_price;      // 售价
    int sales_amount;       // 销售数量
    float revenue;          // 营收
};

// 成员函数实现
BookSale::BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount): rb{b}, sales_price(price), sales_amount{amount} {  
    revenue = sales_amount * sales_price;
}

int BookSale::get_amount() const {
    return sales_amount;
}

// 友元函数实现
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item) {
    out << left;
    out << item.rb << endl
        << setw(15) << "售价:" << item.sales_price << endl
        << setw(15) << "销售数量:" << item.sales_amount << endl
        << setw(15) << "营收:" << item.revenue;

    return out;
}

task2.cpp

#include "booksale.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

// 按图书销售数额比较
bool compare_by_amount(const BookSale &x1, const BookSale &x2) {
    return x1.get_amount() > x2.get_amount();
}

void test() {
    using namespace std;

     vector<BookSale> sales_lst;         // 存放图书销售记录

     int books_number;
    cout << "录入图书数量: ";
    cin >> books_number;

    cout << "录入图书销售记录" << endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < books_number; ++i) {
        string name, author, translator, isbn;
        float price;
        cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "本图书信息录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
        cout << "录入书名: "; cin >> name;
        cout << "录入作者: "; cin >> author;
        cout << "录入译者: "; cin >> translator;
        cout << "录入isbn: "; cin >> isbn;
        cout << "录入定价: "; cin >> price;

        Book book(name, author, translator, isbn, price);

        float sales_price;
        int sales_amount;

        cout << "录入售价: "; cin >> sales_price;
        cout << "录入销售数量: "; cin >> sales_amount;

        BookSale record(book, sales_price, sales_amount);
        sales_lst.push_back(record);
    }

    // 按销售册数排序
    sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount);

    // 按销售册数降序输出图书销售信息
    cout << string(20, '=') <<  "图书销售统计" << string(20, '=') << endl;
    for(auto &t: sales_lst) {
        cout << t << endl;
        cout << string(40, '-') << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

 任务三：

pets.hpp

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class MachinePets {
protected:
    std::string nickname;

public:
    MachinePets(const std::string &s) : nickname(s) {}
    std::string get_nickname() const {
        return nickname;
    }
    virtual std::string talk() = 0;
    virtual ~MachinePets() {}
};

class PetCats : public MachinePets {
public:
    PetCats(const std::string &s) : MachinePets(s) {}
    std::string talk() override {
        return "maio wu~";
    }
};

class PetDogs : public MachinePets {
public:
    PetDogs(const std::string &s) : MachinePets(s) {}
    std::string talk() override {
        return "wang wang~";
    }
};

task3.cpp

#include "pets.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

void test() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<MachinePets *> pets;

    pets.push_back(new PetCats("miku"));
    pets.push_back(new PetDogs("da huang"));

    for(auto &ptr: pets)
        cout <<ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}

任务四：

film.hpp

#ifndef FILM_HPP
#define FILM_HPP

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Film {
private:
    std::string title;
    std::string director;
    std::string country;
    int year;

public:
    Film(std::string t = "", std::string d = "", std::string c = "", int y = 0)
        : title(t), director(d), country(c), year(y) {}

    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Film& f) {
        std::cout << "录入片名: ";
        in >> f.title;
        std::cout << "录入导演: ";
        in >> f.director;
        std::cout << "录入制片国家/地区: ";
        in >> f.country;
        std::cout << "录入上映年份: ";
        in >> f.year;
        return in;
    }

    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Film& f) {
        out << f.title << "    "
            << f.director << "    "
            << f.country << "    "
            << f.year << "    ";
        return out;
    }

    int getYear() const {
        return year;
    }
};

bool compare_by_year(const Film& a, const Film& b) {
    return a.getYear() < b.getYear();
}

#endif 

task4.cpp

#include "film.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

void test() {
    using namespace std;

    int n;
    cout << "输入电影数目: ";
    cin >> n;
    cout << "录入" << n << "部影片信息" << endl;
    vector<Film> film_lst;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        Film f;
        cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i + 1 << "部影片录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
        cin >> f;
        film_lst.push_back(f);
    }

    // 按发行年份升序排序
    sort(film_lst.begin(), film_lst.end(), compare_by_year);

    cout << string(20, '=') + "电影信息(按发行年份)" + string(20, '=') << endl;
    for (auto& f : film_lst)
        cout << f << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
    return 0;
}

任务五：

Complex:

#ifndef COMPLEX_HPP
#define COMPLEX_HPP

#include <iostream>

template<typename T>
class Complex {
private:
    T real;
    T imag;

public:
    Complex(T r = 0, T i = 0) : real(r), imag(i) {}
    T get_real() const { return real; }
    T get_imag() const { return imag; }

    Complex& operator+=(const Complex& rhs) {
        real += rhs.real;
        imag += rhs.imag;
        return *this;
    }

    Complex operator+(const Complex& rhs) const {
        return Complex(real + rhs.real, imag + rhs.imag);
    }

    bool operator==(const Complex& rhs) const {
        return (real == rhs.real) && (imag == rhs.imag);
    }

    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Complex& c) {
        in >> c.real >> c.imag;
        return in;
    }

    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Complex& c) {
        out << c.real << (c.imag >= 0 ? "+" : "") << c.imag << "i";
        return out;
    }
};

#endif 

task5.cpp:

#include "Complex.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;

void test1() {
    Complex<int> c1(2, -5), c2(c1);
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;

    c1 += c2;
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;
}

void test2() {
    Complex<double> c1, c2;
    cout << "Enter c1 and c2: ";
    cin >> c1 >> c2;
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;
    cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试1: " << endl;
    test1();
    cout << endl;
    cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试2: " << endl;
    test2();
}

任务六：
date.h:

#pragma once

class Date {
    private:
        int year;
        int month;
        int day;
        int totalDays;
    public:
        Date(int year, int month, int day);
        int getYear() const {
            return year;
        }
        int getMonth() const {
            return month;
        }
        int getDay() const {
            return day;
        }
        int getMaxDay() const;
        bool isLeapYear() const {
            return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
        }
        void show() const;
        int operator-(const Date& date) const {
            return totalDays - date.totalDays;
        }
};

date.cpp

#include "date.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

namespace {
    const int DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}

Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
        cout << "Invalid date: ";
        show();
        cout << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    int years = year - 1;
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}

int Date::getMaxDay() const {
    if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
        return 29;
    else
        return DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1];
}

void Date::show() const {
    cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}

accumulator.h

#pragma once

#include "date.h"

class Accumulator {
private:
    Date lastDate;
    double value;
    double sum;

public:
    double getSum(const Date& date) const {
        return sum + value * (date - lastDate); 
    }
    Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) : lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } {}

   void change(const Date& date, double value) {
       sum = getSum(date);
       lastDate = date;
       this->value = value;
   }

   void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
       lastDate = date;
        this->value = value;
       sum = 0;
    }
};

account.h

#pragma once

#include "date.h"
#include "accumulator.h"
#include <string>

class Account {
private:
    std::string id;
    double balance;
    static double total;
protected:
    Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id);
    void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void error(const std::string& msg) const;
public:
    const std::string& getId() {
        return id;
    }
    double getBalance() const {
        return balance;
    }
    static double getTotal() {
        return total;
    }
    virtual void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) = 0;
    virtual void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) = 0;
    virtual void settle(const Date& date) = 0;
    virtual void show() const;
};

class SavingsAccount : public Account {
private:
    Accumulator acc;
    double rate;
public:
    SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
    double getRate() const {
        return rate;
    }
    void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void settle(const Date& date);
};

class CreditAccount : public Account {
private:
    Accumulator acc;
    double credit;
    double rate;
    double fee;
    double getDebt() const {
        double balance = getBalance();
        return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
    }
public:
    CreditAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
    double getCredit() const {
        return credit;
    }
    double getRate() const {
        return rate;
    }
    double getFee() const {
        return fee;
    }
    double getAvailableCredit() const {
        if (getBalance() < 0) return credit + getBalance();
        else return credit;
    }
    void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void settle(const Date& date);
    void show() const;
};

account.cpp

#include "account.h"
#include <cmath>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

double Account::total = 0;
Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) : id(id), balance(0) {
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;

}

void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    date.show();
       cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;

}

void Account::show() const {
    cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;

}

void Account::error(const string& msg) const {
    cout << "Error (#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;

}

SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate)
    : Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}

void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
    acc.change(date, getBalance());

}

void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    if (amount > getBalance()) {
        error("not enough money");

    }
   else {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
         acc.change(date, getBalance());
    }

}

void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
    if (date.getMonth() == 1)
    {
        double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
        if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
        acc.reset(date, getBalance());
    }
}

CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
    : Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}

void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
    acc.change(date, getDebt());

}

void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
        error("not enough credit");

    }
    else {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
        acc.change(date, getDebt());

    }

}

void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
    double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
    if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
    if (date.getMonth() == 1) record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
    acc.reset(date, getDebt());

}

void CreditAccount::show() const {
    Account::show();
    cout << "\tAvailable credit: " << getAvailableCredit();
 
 }

8_8.cpp

#include"account.h"
#include<iostream> 

using namespace std;

int main() {
    Date date(2008, 11, 1);
    SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
    SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
    CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
    Account* accounts[] = { &sa1,&sa2,&ca };
    const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);
    cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
    char cmd;
    do {
        date.show();
        cout << "\tTotal:" << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";
        int index, day;
        double amount;
        string desc;
        cin >> cmd;
        switch (cmd) {
            case 'd':
                cin >> index >> amount;
                getline(cin, desc);
                accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
                break;

            case 'w':
                cin >> index >> amount;
                getline(cin, desc);
                accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
                break;
            case 's':
                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                    cout << "[" << i << "]";
                    accounts[i]->show();
                    cout << endl;
                }
                break;

            case 'c':
                cin >> day;
                if (day < date.getDay()) {
                    cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
                } else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
                    cout << "Invalid day";
                else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
                break;
            case 'n':
                if (date.getMonth() == 12)
                    date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
                else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                    accounts[i]->settle(date);
                }
                break;
        }
    } while (cmd != 'e');
    return 0;
}