android中的AIDL学习笔记

一、定义

AIDL是用来解决进程间通信的(一般有四种方式:Activity、Service、ContentProvider、Broadcast Receiver),两个进程间无法直接通信,所以要用AIDL(属于前面提到的Service)来借助操作系统底层来间接进行通信,示意图如下:

AIDL全称为 Android Interface Definition Language,即Android接口定义语言。

二、AIDL开发(操作)流程

开发流程一般为:

1、定义AIDL文件(先在服务端定义,客户端也要定义,内容路服务端一样)

2、服务端实现接口

3、客户端调用接口

三、AIDL语法规则

语法规则如下:

1、语法跟Java的接口很相似

2、AIDL只支持方法,不能定义静态成员

3、AIDL运行方法有任何类型的参数(除short外)和返回值

4、除默认类型,均需要导包

四、AIDL支持的数据类型

1、除short外的基本数据类型

2、String, CharSequence

3、List(作为参数时,要指明是输入in 还是输出out), Map

4、Parcelable (自定义类型要实现 Parcelable 接口)

五、AIDL服务端与客户端之间的关系

六、AIDL适用场景

使用了IPC通信,多个客户端,多线程,否则可使用Binder或Messager

七、示例

1、在服务端定义自定义类型Person,实现 Parcelable 接口:

package com.atwal.aidl;

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

/**
 * Created by Du on 2016/2/25.
 */
public class Person implements Parcelable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Person(Parcel source) {
        this.name = source.readString();
        this.age = source.readInt();
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }


    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(this.name);
        dest.writeInt(this.age);
    }

    public static final Creator<Person> CREATOR = new Creator<Person>() {
        @Override
        public Person createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            return new Person(source);
        }

        @Override
        public Person[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Person[0];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

2、在服务端定义 Person.aidl :

// IImoocAidl.aidl
package com.atwal.aidl;

parcelable Person;

3、在服务端定义 IImoocAidl.aidl :

// IImoocAidl.aidl
package com.atwal.aidl;

import com.atwal.aidl.Person;

interface IImoocAidl {

    //计算两个数的和
    int add(int num1, int num2);

    List<String> basicTypes(
            byte aByte,
            int aInt,
            long aLong,
            boolean aBoolean,
            float aFloat,
            double aDouble,
            char aChar,
            String aString,
            in List<String> list);

    List<Person> addPerson(in Person person);
}

4、在服务端定义Service(注意要在AndroidManifest.xml中定义):

package com.atwal.aidl;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Du on 2016/2/25.
 */
public class IRemoteService extends Service {

    private ArrayList<Person> persons;

    /**
     * 当客户端绑定到该服务的时候,会执行
     *
     * @param intent
     * @return
     */
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        persons = new ArrayList<>();
        return iBinder;
    }

    private IBinder iBinder = new IImoocAidl.Stub() {

        @Override
        public int add(int num1, int num2) throws RemoteException {
            Log.d("TAG", "收到了远程的请求,输入的参数是 " + num1 + " 和 " + num2);
            return num1 + num2;
        }

        @Override
        public List<String> basicTypes(byte aByte, int aInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, char aChar, String aString, List<String> list) throws RemoteException {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public List<Person> addPerson(Person person) throws RemoteException {
            persons.add(person);
            return persons;
        }
    };
}

5、在客户端添加Person类,内容和包名都跟服务端一样

6、在客户端添加Person.aidl文件,内容和包名都跟服务端一样

7、在客户端添加IImoocAidl.aidl文件,内客和包名都跟服务端一样

8、客户端调用

布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.atwal.aidlclient.MainActivity">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_num1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="num1"
        android:textSize="20sp" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="+"
        android:textSize="20sp" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_num2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="num2"
        android:textSize="20sp" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="="
        android:textSize="20sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_result"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_add"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="AIDL远程计算" />
</LinearLayout>

代码:

package com.atwal.aidlclient;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.atwal.aidl.IImoocAidl;
import com.atwal.aidl.Person;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private EditText mEtNum1, mEtNum2;
    private TextView mTvResult;
    private Button mBtnAdd;

    private IImoocAidl iImoocAidl;

    private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {

        //绑定上服务的时候
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //拿到了远程的服务代理
            iImoocAidl = IImoocAidl.Stub.asInterface(service);
        }

        //断开服务的时候
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            //回收资源
            iImoocAidl = null;
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initView();

        //应用一启动就绑定服务
        bindSersvice();
    }

    private void initView() {
        mEtNum1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_num1);
        mEtNum2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_num2);
        mTvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
        mBtnAdd = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_add);

        mBtnAdd.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        int num1 = Integer.parseInt(mEtNum1.getText().toString());
        int num2 = Integer.parseInt(mEtNum2.getText().toString());
        try {
            //调用远程的服务
            int res = iImoocAidl.add(num1, num2);
            mTvResult.setText(String.valueOf(res));
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            mTvResult.setText("错误了");
        }

        try {
            List<Person> persons = iImoocAidl.addPerson(new Person("atwal", 21));
            Log.d("TAG", persons.toString());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void bindSersvice() {
        //获取到服务端
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        //新版本(5.0以上)必须显示Intent启动绑定服务
        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.atwal.aidl", "com.atwal.aidl.IRemoteService"));
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unbindService(conn);
    }
}

整个项目目录结构如下:

posted @ 2016-02-25 18:15  观海云不远  阅读(892)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报