RabbitMQ（十一）——死信队列

死信队列

死信队列简介

先从概念解释上搞清楚这个定义，死信，顾名思义就是无法被消费的消息，字面意思可以这样理解，一般来说，producer 将消息投递到 broker 或者直接到 queue 里了，consumer 从 queue 取出消息进行消费，但某些时候由于特定的原因导致 queue 中的某些消息无法被消费，这样的消息如果没有后续的处理，就变成了死信，有死信自然就有了死信队列。

应用场景:为了保证订单业务的消息数据不丢失，需要使用到 RabbitMQ 的死信队列机制，当消息消费发生异常时，将消息投入死信队列中.还有比如说: 用户在商城下单成功并点击去支付后在指定时间未支付时自动失效

死信来源

1、消息 TTL 过期
2、队列达到最大长度(队列满了，无法再添加数据到 mq 中)
3、消息被拒绝(basic.reject 或 basic.nack)并且 requeue=false.

过期时间

代码结构图

消费者一

package com.study.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import com.study.rabbitmq.utils.RabbitMQUtils;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Consumer01 {

    //普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
    //死信交换机名称
    private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();

        //声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 direct
        channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

        //声明死信队列
        String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
        channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
        //死信队列绑定：队列、交换机、路由键（routingKey）
        channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");

        //正常队列绑定死信队列信息
        Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
        //正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值
        params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
        //正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值
        params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");

        //正常队列
        String normalQueue = "normal-queue";
        channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);
        channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");

        System.out.println("等待接收消息........... ");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息" + message);
        };
        channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}

消费者二

package com.study.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import com.study.rabbitmq.utils.RabbitMQUtils;

//死信队列 消费者二
public class Consumer02 {
    //死信交换机名称
    private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();

        //声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        //声明队列
        String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
        channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");

        System.out.println("等待接收死信消息........... ");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("Consumer02 接收到消息" + message);
        };
        channel.basicConsume(deadQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
    }
}

生产者

package com.study.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.study.rabbitmq.utils.RabbitMQUtils;

//生产者
public class Producer {
    //普通交换机名称
    public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel();
        //死信消息 设置TTL时间  expirantion过期时间
        AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            String message = "info" + i;
            channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan",null,message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        }
    }
}