C++系统相关操作1 - 调用命令行并获取返回值
1. 关键词
关键词:
C++ 系统调用 system popen 跨平台
应用场景:
希望直接调用操作系统的某些命令,并获取命令的返回值。
2. sysutil.h
#pragma once #include <cstdint> #include <string> namespace cutl { /** * @brief Execute a system command. * * @param cmd the command to be executed. * @return true if the command is executed successfully, false otherwise. */ bool system(const std::string &cmd); /** * @brief Execute a system command and get the output. * * @param cmd the command to be executed. * @param result the output of the command. * @return true if the command is executed successfully, false otherwise. */ bool callcmd(const std::string &cmd, std::string &result); } // namespace cutl
不需要返回值时,可以直接使用system, 需要获取返回值时,可以调用callcmd。
3. sysutil.cpp
#include <map> #include <iostream> #include <strutil.h> #include <cstdlib> #include "sysutil.h" #include "inner/logger.h" #include "inner/system_util.h" #include "inner/filesystem.h" namespace cutl { bool system(const std::string &cmd) { return call_system(cmd); } bool callcmd(const std::string &cmd, std::string &result) { // 读取命令执行结果的最大Buffer长度 constexpr int MAX_CMD_BUF_LEN = 1024; FILE *fp = pipline_open(cmd); if (fp == NULL) { CUTL_ERROR("pipline_open error for cmd:" + cmd); return false; } // 读取命令执行结果 char buffer[MAX_CMD_BUF_LEN] = {0}; char *res = fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp); if (res == NULL) { CUTL_ERROR("read result error for cmd:" + cmd); if (pipline_close(fp) != 0) { CUTL_ERROR("pipline_close error for cmd:" + cmd); } return false; } if (pipline_close(fp) != 0) { CUTL_ERROR("pipline_close error for cmd:" + cmd); } result = strip(std::string(buffer)); return true; } } // namespace cutl
3.1. system_util_unix.cpp
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) // do nothing #else #include "system_util.h" #include "inner/logger.h" namespace cutl { bool call_system(const std::string &cmd) { if (cmd.empty()) { CUTL_ERROR("cmd is empty!"); return false; } pid_t status; status = std::system(cmd.c_str()); if (-1 == status) { CUTL_ERROR("system error!"); return false; } if (!WIFEXITED(status)) { CUTL_ERROR("exit status:" + std::to_string(WEXITSTATUS(status))); return false; } if (0 != WEXITSTATUS(status)) { CUTL_ERROR("run shell script fail, script exit code:" + std::to_string(WEXITSTATUS(status))); return false; } return true; } FILE *pipline_open(const std::string &cmd) { return popen(cmd.c_str(), "r"); } int pipline_close(FILE *stream) { return pclose(stream); } } // namespace cutl #endif // defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)
3.2. system_util_win.cpp
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) #include <cstdlib> #include "system_util.h" #include "inner/logger.h" namespace cutl { // https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/system-wsystem?view=msvc-170 bool call_system(const std::string &cmd) { if (cmd.empty()) { CUTL_ERROR("cmd is empty!"); return false; } int ret = system(cmd.c_str()); if (ret != 0) { CUTL_ERROR(std::string("system failure, error") + strerror(errno)); return false; } return true; } // https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/popen-wpopen?view=msvc-170 FILE *pipline_open(const std::string &cmd) { return _popen(cmd.c_str(), "r"); } // https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/pclose?view=msvc-170 int pipline_close(FILE *stream) { return _pclose(stream); } } // namespace cutl #endif // defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)
4. 测试代码
#include "common.hpp" #include "sysutil.h" void TestSystemCall() { PrintSubTitle("TestSystemCall"); bool ret = cutl::system("echo hello"); std::cout << "system call 'echo hello', return: " << ret << std::endl; auto cmd = "cmake --version"; std::string result_text; ret = cutl::callcmd(cmd, result_text); std::cout << "callcmd " << cmd << ", return: " << ret << std::endl; std::cout << "callcmd " << cmd << ", result text: " << result_text << std::endl; }
5. 运行结果
-------------------------------------------TestSystemCall------------------------------------------- hello system call 'echo hello', return: 1 callcmd cmake --version, return: 1 callcmd cmake --version, result text: cmake version 3.28.3
6. 源码地址
更多详细代码,请查看本人写的C++ 通用工具库: common_util, 本项目已开源,代码简洁,且有详细的文档和Demo。
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C++
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