第三周java学习总结

编程语言的几个发展阶段

面向机器语言

汇编语言,根据机器不同对应的命令也不同,不能跨平台

面向过程语言

c语言,不同的模块负责问题的不同部分

面向对象语言

Java、c++,不同对象及它的行为(封装、继承、多态)

类声明

class + 类名

类体

变量声明:属性
方法定义:行为

成员变量

类型

基本类型:整型、浮点型、字符型、逻辑类型。
引用类型:数组、对象、接口。

有效范围

成员变量有效性与在类中的位置无关。

编程风格

一行只声明一个变量

方法

方法头

方法类型 + 名称 + ( )

方法体

局部变量只在方法内有效(与声明位置相关),成员变量在整个类中有效(与声明位置无关)。

区分成员变量和局部变量

当成员变量与局部变量名字相同时,成员变量被隐藏(使用需this)。

局部变量没有默认值

构造方法与对象的创建

构造方法

构造方法没有类型

创建对象

对象的声明

类的名字 + 对象的名字;

为声明的对象分配变量

例子Example4_1程序代码

例子Example4_2程序代码

对象的内存模型

创建对象,就是指为对象分配变量,并获得一个引用,以确保这些变量由该对象来操作管理。

使用对象

对象操作自己的变量

对象.变量;

对象调用类中的方法

对象.方法;

体现封装

例子Example4_3程序代码以及运行结果

class xiyoujiRenwu {
    float height,weight;
    String head, ear;
    void speak(String s) {
        head="歪着头";
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}
public class Example4_3 {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        xiyoujiRenwu  zhubajie,sunwukong;
        zhubajie = new xiyoujiRenwu();
        sunwukong = new xiyoujiRenwu();
        zhubajie.height=1.80f;
        zhubajie.head="大头";
        zhubajie.ear="一双大耳朵";
        sunwukong.height=1.62f;
        sunwukong.weight=1000f;
        sunwukong.head="秀发飘飘";
        System.out.println("zhubajie的身高:"+zhubajie.height);
        System.out.println("zhubajie的头:"+zhubajie.head);
        System.out.println("sunwukong的重量:"+sunwukong.weight);
        System.out.println("sunwukong的头:"+sunwukong.head);
        zhubajie.speak("俺老猪我想娶媳妇");
        System.out.println("zhubajie现在的头:"+zhubajie.head);
        sunwukong.speak("老孙我重1000斤,我想骗八戒背我");
        System.out.println("sunwukong现在的头:"+sunwukong.head);
    }
}

对象的引用和实体

例子Example4_4代码及运行结果

class point  {
    int x,y;
    void setXY(int m,int n){
        x = m;
        y = n;
    }
}
public class Example4_4 {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        point p1, p2;
        p1 = new point();
        p2 = new point();
        System.out.println("p1的引用:" + p1);
        System.out.println("p2的引用:" + p2);
        p1.setXY(1111, 2222);
        p2.setXY(-100, -200);
        System.out.println("p1的x,y坐标:" + p1.x + "," + p1.y);
        System.out.println("p2的x,y坐标:" + p2.x + "," + p2.y);
        p1 = p2;
        System.out.println("将p2的引用值赋给p1后:");
        System.out.println("p1的引用:" + p1);
        System.out.println("p2的引用:" + p2);
        System.out.println("p1的x,y坐标:" + p1.x + "," + p1.y);
        System.out.println("p2的x,y坐标:" + p2.x + "," + p2.y);
    }


}

对象的组合

例子Example4_8程序代码及运行结果

    class Circle {
    double radius,area;
    void setRadius(double r) {
        radius=r;
    }
    double getRadius() {
        return radius;
    }
    double getArea(){
        area=3.14*radius*radius;
        return area;
    }
}

    class Circular {
        Circle bottom;
        double height;
        void setBottom(Circle c) {
            bottom = c;
        }
        void setHeight(double h) {
            height = h;
        }
        double getVolme() {
            if(bottom == null)
                return -1;
            else
                return bottom.getArea()*height/3.0;
        }
        double getBottomRadius() {
            return bottom.getRadius();
        }
        public void setBottomRadius(double r){
            bottom.setRadius(r);
        }
    }
    public class Example4_8 {
        public static void main(String args[]) {
            Circle circle = new Circle();
            circle.setRadius(10);
            Circular circular = new Circular();
            System.out.println("circle的引用:"+circle);
            System.out.println("圆锥的bottom的引用:"+circular.bottom);
            circular.setHeight(5);
            circular.setBottom(circle);
            System.out.println("circle的引用:"+circle);
            System.out.println("圆锥的bottom的引用:"+circular.bottom);
            System.out.println("圆锥的体积:"+circular.getVolme());
            System.out.println("修改circle的半径,bottom的半径同样变化");
            circle.setRadius(20);
            System.out.println("bottom的半径:"+circular.getBottomRadius());
            System.out.println("重新创建circle,cirlce的引用将发生变化");
            circle = new Circle();
            System.out.println("circle的引用:"+circle);
            System.out.println("但是不影响circular的bottom的引用");
            System.out.println("圆锥的bottom的引用:"+circular.bottom);
        }
    }

实例成员与类成员

实例变量和变量的区别

1、不同的对象的实例变量互不相同。
2、所有对象共享变量。
3、通过类名直接访问类变量。
例子Example4_10程序代码及运行结果
···
class Lader {
double 上底,高;
static double 下底;
void 设置上底(double a) {
上底 = a;
}
void 设置下底(double b) {
下底 = b;
}
double 获取上底() {
return 上底;
}
double 获取下底() {
return 下底;
}
}
public class Example4_10 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Lader.下底=100;
Lader laderOne=new Lader();
Lader laderTwo=new Lader();
laderOne.设置上底(28);
laderTwo.设置上底(66);
System.out.println("laderOne的上底:"+laderOne.获取上底());
System.out.println("laderOne的下底:"+laderOne.获取下底());
System.out.println("laderTwo的上底:"+laderTwo.获取上底());
System.out.println("laderTwo的下底:"+laderTwo.获取下底());
}
}

![](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1271708/201903/1271708-20190317173535048-527412312.png)


#方法重载
方法的返回类型和参数名字不参与比较,如果两个方法的名字相同,即使返回类型不同,也必须保证参数不同。
#this关键字
例子Example4_14程序代码及运行结果
![](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1271708/201903/1271708-20190317173604810-814537724.png)


#包
package + 包名;
#import语句
例子Example4_16程序代码及运行结果
![](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1271708/201903/1271708-20190317173729670-1026317522.png)


#对象数组
例子Example4_21程序代码及运行结果
![](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1271708/201903/1271708-20190317173801872-1093098220.png)


#应用举例
例子Example4_23程序代码及结果

class Rational {
int numerator = 1;
int denominator = 1;
void setNumerator(int a) {
int c=f(Math.abs(a),denominator);
numerator = a/c;
denominator = denominator/c;
if(numerator<0&&denominator<0) {
numerator = -numerator;
denominator = -denominator;
}
}
void setDenominator(int b) {
int c=f(numerator,Math.abs(b));
numerator = numerator/c;
denominator = b/c;
if(numerator<0&&denominator<0) {
numerator = -numerator;
denominator = -denominator;
}
}
int getNumerator() {
return numerator;
}
int getDenominator() {
return denominator;
}
int f(int a,int b) {
if(a==0) return 1;
if(a<b) {
int c=a;
a=b;
b=c;
}
int r=a%b;
while(r!=0) {
a=b;
b=r;
r=a%b;
}
return b;
}
Rational add(Rational r) {
int a=r.getNumerator();
int b=r.getDenominator();
int newNumerator=numeratorb+denominatora;
int newDenominator=denominatorb;
Rational result=new Rational();
result.setNumerator(newNumerator);
result.setDenominator(newDenominator);
return result;
}
Rational sub(Rational r) { //
int a=r.getNumerator();
int b=r.getDenominator();
int newNumerator=numerator
b-denominatora;
int newDenominator=denominator
b;
Rational result=new Rational();
result.setNumerator(newNumerator);
result.setDenominator(newDenominator);
return result;
}
Rational muti(Rational r) {
int a=r.getNumerator();
int b=r.getDenominator();
int newNumerator=numeratora;
int newDenominator=denominator
b;
Rational result=new Rational();
result.setNumerator(newNumerator);
result.setDenominator(newDenominator);
return result;
}
Rational div(Rational r) {
int a=r.getNumerator();
int b=r.getDenominator();
int newNumerator=numeratorb;
int newDenominator=denominator
a;
Rational result=new Rational();
result.setNumerator(newNumerator);
result.setDenominator(newDenominator);
return result;
}
}
public class Example4_23 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Rational r1 = new Rational();
r1.setNumerator(1);
r1.setDenominator(5);
Rational r2 = new Rational();
r2.setNumerator(3);
r2.setDenominator(2);
Rational result = r1.add(r2);
int a = result.getNumerator();
int b = result.getDenominator();
System.out.println("1/5+3/2 = " + a + "/" + b);
result = r1.sub(r2);
a = result.getNumerator();
b = result.getDenominator();
System.out.println("1/5-3/2 = " + a + "/" + b);
result = r1.muti(r2);
a = result.getNumerator();
b = result.getDenominator();
System.out.println("1/5*3/2 = " + a + "/" + b);
result = r1.div(r2);
a = result.getNumerator();
b = result.getDenominator();
System.out.println("1/5 / 3/2 = " + a + "/" + b);
int n = 10, k = 1;
System.out.println("计算2/1+3/2+5/3+8/5+13/8……的前" + n + "项和。");
Rational sum = new Rational();
sum.setNumerator(0);
Rational item = new Rational();
item.setNumerator(2);
item.setDenominator(1);
while (k <= n) {
sum = sum.add(item);
k++;
int fenzi = item.getNumerator();
int fenmu = item.getDenominator();
item.setNumerator(fenzi + fenmu);
item.setDenominator(fenzi);
}
a = sum.getNumerator();
b = sum.getDenominator();
System.out.println("用分数表示:");
System.out.println(a + "/" + b);
double doubleResult = (a * 1.0) / b;
System.out.println("用小数表示:");
System.out.println(doubleResult);
}
}


![](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1271708/201903/1271708-20190317173902572-105827685.png)
#上传码云截图
![](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1271708/201903/1271708-20190317175611589-1255420762.png)

#脚本截图
![](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1271708/201903/1271708-20190317175633443-419775803.png)
posted @ 2019-03-17 17:57  PwnKi  阅读(287)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报