自定义网络

我们尝试通过容器名来ping

[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ping tomcat01
ping: tomcat01: Name or service not known
 
# 发现ping不通

每次重启容器，容器的IP都会改变，
那有没有什么办法可以通过容器名来ping通呢？

  1. --link 容器互联 （不推荐）
  2. 自定义网络 （修护了docker0的缺点）

我们现在简单认识学习网络知识

[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker network --help  #查看docker网络帮助
 
Usage:  docker network COMMAND
 
Manage networks
 
Commands:
  connect     Connect a container to a network                        #将容器与一个网络连接
  create      Create a network                                        # 创建一个网络
  disconnect  Disconnect a container from a network                   # 将容器与网络断开
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more networks    # 展示网络的详细信息
  ls          List networks                                           #列出所有网络
  prune       Remove all unused networks                              #删除所有没有用过的网络
  rm          Remove one or more networks                             # 移除一个或者多个网络
 
Run 'docker network COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
 
 
# 创建网络帮助
[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker network create --help
 
Usage:  docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK
 
Create a network
 
Options:
      --attachable           Enable manual container attachment
      --aux-address map      Auxiliary IPv4 or IPv6 addresses used by Network
                             driver (default map[])
      --config-from string   The network from which to copy the configuration
      --config-only          Create a configuration only network
  -d, --driver string        Driver to manage the Network (default "bridge")  #网络连接模式
      --gateway strings      IPv4 or IPv6 Gateway for the master subnet      # 网关设置
      --ingress              Create swarm routing-mesh network
      --internal             Restrict external access to the network
      --ip-range strings     Allocate container ip from a sub-range
      --ipam-driver string   IP Address Management Driver (default "default")
      --ipam-opt map         Set IPAM driver specific options (default map[])
      --ipv6                 Enable IPv6 networking
      --label list           Set metadata on a network
  -o, --opt map              Set driver specific options (default map[])
      --scope string         Control the network's scope
      --subnet strings       Subnet in CIDR format that represents a network segment    #子网掩码

现在来自定义一个docker网络

 
docker network create --driver (网络连接模式) --subnet (子网掩码) --gateway (网关地址) 自定义网络名称
 
[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 168.192.0.0/16 --gateway 168.192.0.1 mynet
4dbc2e7400cec3f7351ab114cce7b29b7b165abbae46312e932607030c75f242
[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
be9eaef1b50f   bridge    bridge    local
4a9488e02a4e   host      host      local
4dbc2e7400ce   mynet     bridge    local
f15ddc928f82   none      null      local
[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker network inspect 4dbc2e7400ce  # 查看自定义网络信息
[
    {
        "Name": "mynet",
        "Id": "4dbc2e7400cec3f7351ab114cce7b29b7b165abbae46312e932607030c75f242",
        "Created": "2022-04-23T21:50:00.71398336+08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "168.192.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "168.192.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {},
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

使用我们自定义的网络

[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
newtomcat    1.0       024406d08dd3   59 minutes ago   705MB
[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 --net mynet 024406d08dd3
ed44603b3099959dcf8fa48a3d29dd3df9e66d0f77b444a00caf834546b78790
[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat02 --net mynet 024406d08dd3
434910470e9f938c66f103edada34fd369ba6edd88f06144f3e557af363099cd
[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker network inspect 4dbc2e7400ce
[
    {
        "Name": "mynet",
        "Id": "4dbc2e7400cec3f7351ab114cce7b29b7b165abbae46312e932607030c75f242",
        "Created": "2022-04-23T21:50:00.71398336+08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "168.192.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "168.192.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {
            "434910470e9f938c66f103edada34fd369ba6edd88f06144f3e557af363099cd": {
                "Name": "tomcat02",
                "EndpointID": "669929e0792b52ecd319853b6cbe598aa093961411ce80e9ea5d2e17dcf7f640",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:a8:c0:00:03",
                "IPv4Address": "168.192.0.3/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "ed44603b3099959dcf8fa48a3d29dd3df9e66d0f77b444a00caf834546b78790": {
                "Name": "tomcat01",
                "EndpointID": "d8c8f4c058a464a409dfad9c8c30a2fbb45822a46a2666589e01dccdeea7ec0b",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:a8:c0:00:02",
                "IPv4Address": "168.192.0.2/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        },
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

容器之间相互ping

[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker exec -it 434910470e9f ping 168.192.0.2 #容器02ping容器01
PING 168.192.0.2 (168.192.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 168.192.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.198 ms
64 bytes from 168.192.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms
64 bytes from 168.192.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.129 ms
 
[root@iZbp1htnoa70qlle394f3wZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat02  #我们发现使用我们自定义的网络，可以解决ping容器名的问题
PING tomcat02 (168.192.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat02.mynet (168.192.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from tomcat02.mynet (168.192.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.078 ms
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