Docker常用命令

后台运行

[root@LuoKing ~]# docker run -d centos
9eca4f24be7b35e93e9d9461b423b38005b721a847ae7cf764e63ae353638c23
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
 
# 通过查看docker运行程序发现，centos程序并没有在运行
 
# 常见的坑 ：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，否则docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止程序
# 就像nginx启动后，docker发现没有提供程序，就会立刻停止，就是杀死了容器

查看日志

# 首先我们写一段shell脚本，让容器能在后台运行，防止被杀掉
docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo Luoking;sleep 1;done" 
 
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
d6d72bf69bd7   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes             flamboyant_cartwright
 
# 显示日志
Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output  （持续输出日志）
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all") （要显示的日志的数量）
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps  （显示时间）
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
 
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 d6d72bf69bd7
2022-04-18T02:48:17.078339207Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:18.080401256Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:19.082524260Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:20.084583745Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:21.086629522Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:22.088737193Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:23.090871008Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:24.092983801Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:25.095072538Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:26.097136633Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:27.099236911Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:28.101339009Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:29.103465203Z Luoking
2022-04-18T02:48:30.105546531Z Luoking
......(持续打印日志中)
ctrl+c 退出command

查看容器中进程信息

[root@LuoKing ~]# docker top d6d72bf69bd7
UID （用户ID）    PID(父进程ID)    PPID （进程ID）               C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                12946               12927               0                   10:36               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo Luoking;sleep 1;done
root                15157               12946               0                   10:50               pts/0               00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看容器元数据（容器内部信息）

[root@LuoKing ~]# docker inspect d6d72bf69bd7
[
    {
        "Id": "d6d72bf69bd738f879703ac02a45468de1832fb016e7adc70e7be665f05ca895", #容器ID
        "Created": "2022-04-18T02:36:58.357926502Z",   #创建时间
        "Path": "/bin/bash",  #容器地址
        "Args": [            # 参数
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo Luoking;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {        #容器状态
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 12946,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-04-18T02:36:58.646528247Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6d72bf69bd738f879703ac02a45468de1832fb016e7adc70e7be665f05ca895/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6d72bf69bd738f879703ac02a45468de1832fb016e7adc70e7be665f05ca895/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6d72bf69bd738f879703ac02a45468de1832fb016e7adc70e7be665f05ca895/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d6d72bf69bd738f879703ac02a45468de1832fb016e7adc70e7be665f05ca895/d6d72bf69bd738f879703ac02a45468de1832fb016e7adc70e7be665f05ca895-json.log",
        "Name": "/flamboyant_cartwright",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",        #运行平台
        "MountLabel": "",             #挂载标签
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ca0107b083000c28a667021bb00497bc4a865fb57e8d66a36b357c80a750094f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e76e2a228c4bf0c5a0d8ed3dd129a4ea6f3f4dd7345b17cb878b76be6f11f842/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ca0107b083000c28a667021bb00497bc4a865fb57e8d66a36b357c80a750094f/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ca0107b083000c28a667021bb00497bc4a865fb57e8d66a36b357c80a750094f/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ca0107b083000c28a667021bb00497bc4a865fb57e8d66a36b357c80a750094f/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d6d72bf69bd7",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [          #环境
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [           #命令command
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo Luoking;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",    #镜像名
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {        #网络设置
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "772d5d397061df3310a04ec275d81308e3944a01bd58f23f38979fb0aad7c031",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/772d5d397061",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "bfac16eec9a068af7f4f07ee9afa9eb988a9348fd30cb5768c50f61b54d63fce",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {                #网络
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "5d4f1344dd3bb52ee89c62e0643c06c19bac93f1dafc292636b96f367c9e914e",
                    "EndpointID": "bfac16eec9a068af7f4f07ee9afa9eb988a9348fd30cb5768c50f61b54d63fce",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#方式一 docker exec -it 容器ID 默认命令行  （会开启一个新的终端）（常用）
-i, --interactive 保持 STDIN 打开，即使没有附加
       --privileged 赋予命令扩展权限
-t, --tty 分配一个伪 TTY（终端）
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker exec -it d6d72bf69bd7 /bin/bash
[root@d6d72bf69bd7 /] 
 
 
#方式二 docker attach 容器ID
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker attach d6d72bf69bd7 （会经常正在运行的程序，不会开启新的终端）
Luoking
Luoking
Luoking
Luoking
Luoking

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

# docker cp 容器ID:资源路径 主机上的具体路径
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker exec -it d6d72bf69bd7 /bin/bash
[root@d6d72bf69bd7 /]# cd home
[root@d6d72bf69bd7 home]# ls
[root@d6d72bf69bd7 home]# touch luo.java   
[root@d6d72bf69bd7 home]# ls
luo.java
[root@d6d72bf69bd7 home]# exit
[root@LuoKing ~]# cd /home
[root@LuoKing home]# ls
-  luoking
[root@LuoKing home]# docker cp d6d72bf69bd7:/home/luo.java /home
[root@LuoKing home]# ls
-  luo.java  luoking
操作成功
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