Docker 容器基本命令

我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，我们下载一个centos镜像来学习

docker pull centos #下载centos镜像

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

#参数说明
--name="Name"    容器名字 比如 MySQL01 MySQL02 用来区分容器
-d               后台方式运行
-it              使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-P （大写）              指定容器端口 -P 8080：8080
    -P    ip:主机端口：容器端口
    -P    主机端口：容器端口（常用）
    -P    容器端口
	容器端口

-p（小写）               随机指定端口
#测试

[root@LuoKing ~]# docker run -it centos  
[root@46e8fa0e423f /]# ls    #注意主机名，已经改变
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

列出所有的运行容器

# docker ps 
空       #列出当前运行的容器


[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES


-a       #列出当前运行的容器+列出历史运行的容器


[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
46e8fa0e423f   centos         "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago    Exited (127) 5 seconds ago              beautiful_chaplygin
553f20d8d893   centos         "/bin/bash"   17 minutes ago   Exited (127) 16 minutes ago             vigilant_cray
121d557ae58d   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      28 hours ago     Exited (0) 28 hours ago                 compassionate_sinoussi



-n=?     #显示最近创建的容器


[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps -n=2
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                            PORTS     NAMES
46e8fa0e423f   centos    "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago    Exited (127) About a minute ago             beautiful_chaplygin
553f20d8d893   centos    "/bin/bash"   18 minutes ago   Exited (127) 17 minutes ago                 vigilant_cray



-q       #只显示容器的编号



[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps -q
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps -aq
46e8fa0e423f
553f20d8d893
121d557ae58d

退出容器

1. exit  #结束运行容器并退出
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@7ab4f26e2b8c /]# exit
exit
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES



2. ctrl +p +q  #不结束运行容器，单纯退出
[root@d5c6652cc062 /]# （键盘）ctrl +p +q  [root@LuoKing ~]# 
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
d5c6652cc062   centos    "/bin/bash"   10 seconds ago   Up 9 seconds             naughty_lamport

删除容器

docker rm 容器ID  # 删除指定的容器（不能删除正在运行的容器）

[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
d5c6652cc062   centos         "/bin/bash"              4 minutes ago    Exited (0) 23 seconds ago               naughty_lamport
7ab4f26e2b8c   centos         "/bin/bash"              5 minutes ago    Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                happy_blackwell
b113989bce2e   mysql          "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 minutes ago    Exited (1) 6 minutes ago                cranky_galois
46e8fa0e423f   centos         "/bin/bash"              17 minutes ago   Exited (127) 12 minutes ago             beautiful_chaplygin
553f20d8d893   centos         "/bin/bash"              29 minutes ago   Exited (127) 28 minutes ago             vigilant_cray
121d557ae58d   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"                 29 hours ago     Exited (0) 29 hours ago                 compassionate_sinoussi
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker rm d5c6652cc062 # 删除指定的容器（不能删除正在运行的容器）

d5c6652cc062
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
7ab4f26e2b8c   centos         "/bin/bash"              6 minutes ago    Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                happy_blackwell
b113989bce2e   mysql          "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 minutes ago    Exited (1) 6 minutes ago                cranky_galois
46e8fa0e423f   centos         "/bin/bash"              17 minutes ago   Exited (127) 12 minutes ago             beautiful_chaplygin
553f20d8d893   centos         "/bin/bash"              30 minutes ago   Exited (127) 29 minutes ago             vigilant_cray
121d557ae58d   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"                 29 hours ago     Exited (0) 29 hours ago                 compassionate_sinoussi


docker rm -f  $(docker ps -aq)  #删除所有容器

[root@LuoKing ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
7ab4f26e2b8c
b113989bce2e
46e8fa0e423f
553f20d8d893
121d557ae58d
[root@LuoKing ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器ID  #启动容器

docker stop 容器ID  #停止容器

docker restart 容器ID  #重启容器

docker kill 容器ID  #强制停止容器运行