spring mvc 简单入门
spring mvc是spring框架的一个独立模块，可用来开发javaweb项目，一般运行在tomcat服务器。
有两种方式：一是普通web项目，导入jar包；二是maven项目来引入jar包：
一：普通web项目
1，myeclipse新建web项目testaSpringMvc
2，修改web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <!-- 配置SpringMVC下的配置文件位置及名称 --> <display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>testaSpringMvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:testaSpringMvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>testaSpringMvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
3，src加上testaSpringMvc-servlet.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 自动扫描controller包下的所有类，使其认为是spring mvc的控制器 路径即为类路径 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.aluo.controller"></context:component-scan> <!-- 配置视图解析器 如何把handler 方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 根据控制器返回的字符串拼接成jsp路径：/WEB-INF/jsp/xx.jsp --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name = "prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property> <property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
4,导入jar包
5.新建controller类：
package com.aluo.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/welcome") public String welcome(ModelMap model) { model.addAttribute("message", "Hello Spring MVC Framework!"); return "welcome"; } }
新建jsp文件welcome.jsp，在web-inf/jsp下：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'welcome.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> </head> <body> This is my JSP page.welcome,classpath:testaSpringMvc-servlet.xml<br> ${message} </body> </html>
6，加上tomcat7，项目配置到tomcat,然后运行tomcat
7浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/testaSpringMvc/welcome
结果：
项目结构如图：
二：maven项目
1，myeclipse - new-web project,maven前面勾上，新项目springMvcMaven
2，pom.xml加入spring mvc的jar：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>springMvcMaven</groupId> <artifactId>springMvcMaven</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name /> <description /> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId> <artifactId>javax.annotation</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId> <artifactId>javax.ejb</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.weld</groupId> <artifactId>weld-osgi-bundle</artifactId> <version>1.0.1-SP3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </dependency> <!-- spirng mvc jar --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
3，web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <!-- 配置SpringMVC下的配置文件位置及名称 --> <display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMvcMaven</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springMvcMaven-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMvcMaven</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
4,src加入springMvcMaven-servlet.xml，类HelloController，web-inf/jsp加上welcome.jsp，这几个文件的内容和第一种方式的一样。
运行后，结果和上面一样。
项目结构如图：
