数据库之 表与表之间的关系

表1 foreign key 表2
则表1的多条记录对应表2的一条记录,即多对一

利用foreign key的原理我们可以制作两张表的多对多,一对一关系
多对多:
    表1的多条记录可以对应表2的一条记录
    表2的多条记录也可以对应表1的一条记录

一对一:
    表1的一条记录唯一对应表2的一条记录,反之亦然

分析时,我们先从按照上面的基本原理去套,然后再翻译成真实的意义,就很好理解了

1、先确立关系

2、找到多的一方,把关联字段写在多的一方

一、多对一或者一对多(左边表的多条记录对应右边表的唯一一条记录)

需要注意的:1.先建被关联的表,保证被关联表的字段必须唯一。

      2.在创建关联表,关联字段一定保证是要有重复的。

 

这是一个书和出版社的一个例子,书要关联出版社(多个书可以是一个出版社,一个出版社也可以有好多书)。

谁关联谁就是谁要按照谁的标准。

书要关联出版社
被关联的表
create  table press(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name char(20)
);
关联的表
create table book(
book_id int primary key auto_increment,
book_name varchar(20),
book_price int,
press_id int,
constraint Fk_pressid_id foreign key(press_id) references press(id)
on delete cascade
on update cascade
);

插记录
insert into press(name) values('新华出版社'),
                              ('海燕出版社'),
                              ('摆渡出版社'),
                              ('大众出版社');
insert into book(book_name,book_price,press_id) values('Python爬虫',100,1),
                                                       ('Linux',80,1),
                                                       ('操作系统',70,2),
                                                       ('数学',50,2),
                                                       ('英语',103,3),
                                                       ('网页设计',22,3);

二、一对一

例子一:用户和管理员(只有管理员才可以登录,一个管理员对应一个用户)

管理员关联用户

===========例子一:用户表和管理员表=========
先建被关联的表
create table user(
id int primary key auto_increment, #主键自增
name char(10)
);
在建关联表
create table admin(
id int primary key auto_increment,
user_id int unique,
password varchar(16),
foreign key(user_id) references user(id)
on delete cascade
on update cascade
);
insert into user(name) values('susan1'),
                             ('susan2'),
                             ('susan3'),
                             ('susan4'),
                             ('susan5'),
                             ('susan6');
insert into admin(user_id,password) values(4,'sds156'),
                                          (2,'531561'),
                                          (6,'f3swe');

========例子二:学生表和客户表=========
create table customer(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(10),
qq int unique,
phone int unique
);
create table student1(
sid int primary key auto_increment,
course char(20),
class_time time,
cid int unique,
foreign key(cid) references customer(id)
on delete cascade
on update cascade
);
insert into customer(name,qq,phone) values('小小',13564521,11111111),
                                          ('嘻哈',14758254,22222222),
                                          ('王维',44545522,33333333),
                                          ('胡军',545875212,4444444),
                                          ('李希',145578543,5555555),
                                          ('李迪',754254653,8888888),
                                          ('艾哈',74545145,8712547),
                                          ('啧啧',11147752,7777777);
insert into student1(course,class_time,cid) values('python','08:30:00',3),
                                                 ('python','08:30:00',4),
                                                 ('linux','08:30:00',1),
                                                 ('linux','08:30:00',7);

三、多对多(多条记录对应多条记录)

书和作者(我们可以再创建一张表,用来存book和author两张表的关系)

要把book_id和author_id设置成联合唯一

联合唯一:unique(book_id,author_id)

联合主键:alter table t1 add primary  key(id,avg)

多对多:一个作者可以写多本书,一本书也可以有多个作者,双向的一对多,即多对多
  
关联方式:foreign key+一张新的表

========书和作者,另外在建一张表来存书和作者的关系
#被关联的
create table book1(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(10),
price float(3,2)
);
#========被关联的
create table author(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name char(5)
);
#========关联的
create table author2book(
id int primary key auto_increment,
book_id int not null,
author_id int not null,
unique(book_id,author_id),
foreign key(book_id) references book1(id)
on delete cascade
on update cascade,
foreign key(author_id) references author(id)
on delete cascade
on update cascade
);
#========插入记录
insert into book1(name,price) values('九阳神功',9.9),
                                    ('葵花宝典',9.5),
                                    ('辟邪剑谱',5),
                                    ('降龙十巴掌',7.3);
insert into author(name) values('egon'),('e1'),('e2'),('e3'),('e4');
insert into author2book(book_id,author_id) values(1,1),
                                                 (1,4),
                                                 (2,1),
                                                 (2,5),
                                                 (3,2),
                                                 (3,3),
                                                 (3,4),
                                                 (4,5);

多对多关系举例

用户表,用户组,主机表

-- 用户组
create table user (
id int primary key auto_increment,
username varchar(20) not null,
password varchar(50) not null
);
insert into user(username,password) values('egon','123'),
                                          ('root',147),
                                          ('alex',123),
                                          ('haiyan',123),
                                          ('yan',123);

-- 用户组表
create table usergroup(
id int primary key auto_increment,
groupname varchar(20)  not null unique
);
insert into usergroup(groupname) values('IT'),
                                        ('Sale'),
                                        ('Finance'),
                                        ('boss');

-- 建立user和usergroup的关系表
create table user2usergroup(
id int not NULL UNIQUE auto_increment,
user_id int not null,
group_id int not NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(user_id,group_id),
foreign key(user_id) references user(id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
on UPDATE CASCADE ,
foreign key(group_id) references usergroup(id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
on UPDATE CASCADE
);
insert into user2usergroup(user_id,group_id) values(1,1),
                                                      (1,2),
                                                      (1,3),
                                                      (1,4),
                                                      (2,3),
                                                      (2,4),
                                                      (3,4);
-- 主机表
CREATE TABLE host(
id int primary key auto_increment,
ip CHAR(15) not NULL UNIQUE DEFAULT '127.0.0.1'
);
insert into host(ip) values('172.16.45.2'),
                             ('172.16.31.10'),
                             ('172.16.45.3'),
                             ('172.16.31.11'),
                             ('172.10.45.3'),
                             ('172.10.45.4'),
                             ('172.10.45.5'),
                             ('192.168.1.20'),
                             ('192.168.1.21'),
                             ('192.168.1.22'),
                             ('192.168.2.23'),
                             ('192.168.2.223'),
                             ('192.168.2.24'),
                             ('192.168.3.22'),
                             ('192.168.3.23'),
                             ('192.168.3.24');

-- 业务线表
create table business(
id int primary key auto_increment,
business varchar(20) not null unique
);
insert into business(business) values
                                        ('轻松贷'),
                                        ('随便花'),
                                        ('大富翁'),
                                        ('穷一生');

-- 建立host和business关系表
CREATE TABLE host2business(
id int not null unique auto_increment,
host_id int not null ,
business_id int not NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY(host_id,business_id),
foreign key(host_id) references host(id),
FOREIGN KEY(business_id) REFERENCES business(id)
);


insert into host2business(host_id,business_id) values
                                                        (1,1),
                                                        (1,2),
                                                        (1,3),
                                                        (2,2),
                                                        (2,3),
                                                        (3,4);
-- 建立user和host的关系
create table user2host(
id int not null unique auto_increment,
user_id int not null,
host_id int not null,
primary key(user_id,host_id),
foreign key(user_id) references user(id),
foreign key(host_id) references host(id)
);

insert into user2host(user_id,host_id) values(1,1),
                                                (1,2),
                                                (1,3),
                                                (1,4),
                                                (1,5),
                                                (1,6),
                                                (1,7),
                                                (1,8),
                                                (1,9),
                                                (1,10),
                                                (1,11),
                                                (1,12),
                                                (1,13),
                                                (1,14),
                                                (1,15),
                                                (1,16),
                                                (2,2),
                                                (2,3),
                                                (2,4),
                                                (2,5),
                                                (3,10),
                                                (3,11),
                                                (3,12);

 


posted @ 2018-11-06 20:31  lujiacheng-python  阅读(299)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报