6、pytest -- 临时目录和文件
1. 相关的fixture
1.1. tmp_path
tmp_path
是一个用例级别的fixture
,其作用是返回一个唯一的临时目录对象(pathlib.Path
);
我们看下面的例子:
# src/chapter-6/test_tmp_path.py
CONTENT = "content"
def test_create_file(tmp_path):
d = tmp_path / "sub"
d.mkdir() # 创建一个子目录
p = d / "hello.txt"
p.write_text(CONTENT)
assert p.read_text() == CONTENT
assert len(list(tmp_path.iterdir())) == 1 # iterdir() 迭代目录,返回迭代器
assert 0 # 为了展示,强制置为失败
执行:
λ pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-6/test_tmp_path.py
F
==================================== FAILURES =====================================
________________________________ test_create_file _________________________________
tmp_path = WindowsPath('C:/Users/luyao/AppData/Local/Temp/pytest-of-luyao/pytest-4/test_create_file0')
def test_create_file(tmp_path):
d = tmp_path / "sub"
d.mkdir() # 创建一个子目录
p = d / "hello.txt"
p.write_text(CONTENT)
assert p.read_text() == CONTENT
assert len(list(tmp_path.iterdir())) == 1 # iterdir() 迭代目录,返回迭代器
> assert 0 # 为了展示,强制置为失败
E assert 0
src\chapter-6\test_tmp_path.py:32: AssertionError
1 failed in 0.06s
可以看出:
tmp_path
在不同的操作系统中,返回的是不同类型的pathlib.Path
对象,这里Windows
系统下返回的是WindowsPath
对象,它是Path
的子类对象;Path
对象可以使用/
操作符代替常用的os.path.join()
的方法;更多关于pathlib
的使用方法可以查看:https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/pathlib.html
1.2. tmp_path_factory
tmp_path_factory
是一个会话级别的fixture
,其作用是在其它fixture
或者用例中创建任意的临时目录;
查看上一章tmp_path fixture
的源码,我们能够看到tmp_path
就是使用tmp_path_factory
的一个例子:
# _pytest.tmpdir
@pytest.fixture
def tmp_path(request, tmp_path_factory):
"""Return a temporary directory path object
which is unique to each test function invocation,
created as a sub directory of the base temporary
directory. The returned object is a :class:`pathlib.Path`
object.
.. note::
in python < 3.6 this is a pathlib2.Path
"""
return _mk_tmp(request, tmp_path_factory)
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def tmp_path_factory(request):
"""Return a :class:`_pytest.tmpdir.TempPathFactory` instance for the test session.
"""
return request.config._tmp_path_factory
可以看出:
-
tmp_path
调用了tmp_path_factory
; -
tmp_path_factory
返回一个_pytest.tmpdir.TempPathFactory
对象; -
进一步查看
_mk_tmp
的源码:def _mk_tmp(request, factory): name = request.node.name name = re.sub(r"[\W]", "_", name) MAXVAL = 30 name = name[:MAXVAL] return factory.mktemp(name, numbered=True)
可以看出,
tmp_path
最终调用了TempPathFactory.mktemp()
方法,它返回的是一个pathlib.Path
对象;
1.3. tmpdir
tmp_path
是一个用例级别的fixture
,其作用是返回一个唯一的临时目录对象(py.path.local),它提供os.path
的方法;
上面的例子也可以修改成如下这样:
# src/chapter-6/test_tmpdir.py
CONTENT = "content"
def test_create_file(tmpdir):
p = tmpdir.mkdir("sub").join("hello.txt") # 创建子文件夹,并新建文件
p.write(CONTENT)
assert p.read() == CONTENT
assert len(tmpdir.listdir()) == 1 # iterdir() 迭代目录,返回列表
assert 0 # 为了展示,强制置为失败
执行:
λ pipenv run pytest -q -s src/chapter-6/test_tmpdir.py
F
==================================== FAILURES =====================================
________________________________ test_create_file _________________________________
tmpdir = local('C:\\Users\\luyao\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pytest-of-luyao\\pytest-6\\test_create_file0')
def test_create_file(tmpdir):
p = tmpdir.mkdir("sub").join("hello.txt") # 创建子文件夹,并新建文件
p.write(CONTENT)
assert p.read() == CONTENT
assert len(tmpdir.listdir()) == 1 # iterdir() 迭代目录,返回列表
> assert 0 # 为了展示,强制置为失败
E assert 0
src\chapter-6\test_tmpdir.py:30: AssertionError
1 failed in 0.06s
其实,tmpdir
也调用了tmp_path
,只是对返回值做了一次py.path.local()
封装:
# _pytest.tmpdir
@pytest.fixture
def tmpdir(tmp_path):
"""Return a temporary directory path object
which is unique to each test function invocation,
created as a sub directory of the base temporary
directory. The returned object is a `py.path.local`_
path object.
.. _`py.path.local`: https://py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/path.html
"""
return py.path.local(tmp_path)
1.4. tmpdir_factory
tmpdir_factory
是一个会话级别的fixture
,其作用是在其它fixture
或者用例中创建任意的临时目录;
假设,一个测试会话需要使用到一个很大的由程序生成的图像文件,相比于每个测试用例生成一次文件,更好的做法是每个会话只生成一次:
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def image_file(tmpdir_factory):
img = compute_expensive_image()
fn = tmpdir_factory.mktemp("data").join("img.png")
img.save(str(fn))
return fn
def test_histogram(image_file):
img = load_image(image_file)
# compute and test histogram
1.5. 区别
fixture | 作用域 | 返回值类型 |
---|---|---|
tmp_path | 用例级别(function) | pathlib.Path |
tmp_path_factory | 会话级别(session) | TempPathFactory |
tmpdir | 用例级别(function) | py.local.path |
tmpdir_factory | 会话级别(session) | TempDirFactory |
2. 默认的基本临时目录
上述fixture
在创建临时目录时,都是创建在系统默认的临时目录(例如:Windows
系统的%temp%
目录)下;你可以通过指定--basetemp=mydir
选项自定义默认的基本临时目录;
λ pipenv run pytest -q -s --basetemp="/d/temp" src/chapter-6/test_tmpdir.py
F
==================================== FAILURES =====================================
________________________________ test_create_file _________________________________
tmpdir = local('D:\\temp\\test_create_file0')
def test_create_file(tmpdir):
p = tmpdir.mkdir("sub").join("hello.txt") # 创建子文件夹,并新建文件
p.write(CONTENT)
assert p.read() == CONTENT
assert len(tmpdir.listdir()) == 1 # iterdir() 迭代目录,返回列表
> assert 0 # 为了展示,强制置为失败
E assert 0
src\chapter-6\test_tmpdir.py:30: AssertionError
1 failed in 0.04s