48个国际音标简述

序

• 英文无时不在身边，如果你无从下手，建议从音标，拼读开始，共勉(PS:中文只是更好的帮你发音哈，发音细节请看视频教学)
• BBC官方英标教学
• 十分钟教你学会国际音标

大纲

• 48个国际音标(英音)，单元音12个，双元音8个，辅音28个(其中3个鼻音、5个不规则辅音需要注意)
• 文末有连读规则

单元音(12)

音标	发音	例
[ɪ]	(short，扁嘴) 一(介于一与欸之间的发音)，收小腹(气往上提)，不呼气，嘴形突出一点点，舌尖抵住下齿根	kit bid hymn hit lip sick will his
[iː]	(long，扁嘴)咦一，微笑音。舌尖抵住下齿，r用升调发(疑问的疑)	heat leap seek wheel he's
[ʊ]	(short，噘嘴)唔，舌后部抬起，舌身后缩、舌尖离开下齿	foot put good
[uː]	(long,掘嘴)唔唔	goose two blue group
[e]	(short,小口) 欸(A，招呼音)，一指宽，舌尖抵住下齿，双唇向两边延伸	dress head bed many
[æ]	(short) 爱(apple，梅花音) ，两指宽，嘴角咧到极限，舌尖顶下齿，不加重音，极限停留0.1~0.2s	ankle bank bat cap swam
[ʌ]	(short,半张口) a(四声)，一口气往里提，提下肚子。唇微圆，不卷舌	strut mud love blood uncle bunk but cup swum
[ɑː]	(long,半张口) 阿~，一口气往外吐出去。舌身平放后缩，舌尖离开下齿	father start hard
[ɒ]	(short,半张口噘嘴)奥，一口气提上去	lot odd wash
[ɔː]	(long,小口噘嘴) 唔我(恍然大悟音)，连读，舌后缩，一口气呼出去	thought law north war
[ə]	(short,轻读) 额(吃饱了打嗝)，收小腹不卷舌。与r组合在一起要轻卷舌	a the of that about common standard butter
[ɜː]	(long,半张口，扯喉咙) 饿(饿了)	nurse stir learn refer

部分发音示例

• /e/ and /ɪ/

/e/	/ɪ/
bed	bid
medal	middle
dead	did
fell	fill
pen	pin

• /æ/

词

trap

stamp

back

lap

双元音

音标	发音	例	结尾单元音(需要发出音来)
[eɪ]	欸	face break day	[ɪ]
[aɪ]	爱	price high try	[ɪ]
[ɔɪ]	哦一(连读)	choice noise boy	[ɪ]
[eə]	欸儿	square fair pair	[ə]
[ɪə]	(卷舌)一儿	near hear weary	[ə]
[ʊə]	误儿	tour pure cure	[ə]
[aʊ]	嗷嗷	mouth now fowl	[ʊ]
[əʊ]	欧	boat show know	[ʊ]

部分发音示例

• [əʊ] 与 [ɔː]

[əʊ]	[ɔː]
coat	caught
dough	door
sew	saw
flow	floor

• [eə] 与 [æ]

[eə]	[æ]
dared	dad
glared	glad
Mary	marry

• [aʊ] 与 [əʊ]

[aʊ]	[əʊ]
couch	coach
clown	clone
loud	load
found	phoned

• [eɪ] 与 [iː]

[eɪ]	[iː]
ate	eat
faced	feast
great	greet
mate	meet

辅音

• 清辅音，声带不振动，只送气发音
• 浊辅音，声带振动

音标	发音	例
[p]	清辅音，爆破音，s + p → b	park pan copy happen hop pop
[b]	浊辅音，爆破音，声带振动	back bag(长音) hobby habit job bob
[t]	清辅音，爆破音，舌头放在上齿后，喷出气流s + t → d	tin button get tight
[d]	浊辅音，爆破音，舌头放在上齿后	dame ladder odd did
[k]	清辅音，s + k → g ，**sky \skai**	came lucky sick clock
[g]	浊辅音	glue struggle bag gig
[f]	清辅音，上齿咬住下嘴唇	fat coffee rough fluff
[v]	浊辅音，上齿咬住下嘴唇	very heavy move verve
[θ]	清辅音，咬舌音，牙齿咬住舌尖	thin throw thumb author birth path
[ð]	浊辅音，咬舌音，牙齿咬住舌尖，日	this there that other smooth then
[s]	清辅音，嘶	soon mister hiss cease
[z]	浊辅音，	zero music buzz roses
[ʃ]	清辅音，(掘嘴)湿	ship sure nation fish shush
[ʒ]	浊辅音，日	leisure pleasure vision beige
[ts]	清辅音，瓷
[dz]	浊辅音，资
[tʃ]	清辅音，吃饭。舌头贴在上齿后，声带不振动	teacher church choke match
[dʒ]	浊辅音，织毛衣。舌头贴在上齿后，声带振动	judge joke lodger bridge
[tr]	清辅音，邮戳，s + tr → dr
[dr]	浊辅音，啄木鸟
3个鼻音
[m]	闭嘴，鼻子发音	more hammer sum mime
[n]	舌尖抵上齿龈， 鼻音嗯，闭口腔en	nice funny son none pin run
[ŋ]	舌尖抵下齿龈，鼻音嗯，开口腔eng	ping rang sung
5个不规则辅音
[w]	汉字我，取掉声母	wet one when beware queen quick
[j]	半元音，拍照手势，耶(ye)	yet use yellow few accuse
[l]	死亡音，露齿，顶上齿。音前(乐，舌尖抵上齿龈，发音放下舌尖)，音后(额，舌头悬空后缩)	light valley bell level
[h]	喝，不出声	hear hot hello ahead
[r]	掘嘴，卷舌，ruo	right

部分辅音发音示例

• 建议测试时使用小纸片感受声音变化
• [p] and [b]

[p]	[b]
pack	back
punch	bunch
pump	bump
pull	bull
pair	bare
cap	cab
simple	symbol

• [t] and [d]

[t]	[d]
tin	din
to	do
town	down
eight	aid
bet	bed
tame	dame
tomb	doom
metal	medal
hurt	heard

• [k] and [g]

[k]	[g]
came	game
back	bag
cage	gauge
calories	galleries
clue	glue
coast	ghost
lock	log
pick	pig

• [f] and [v]

[f]	[v]
fan	van
leaf	leave
off	of
rifle	rival
fault	vault
belief	believe
life	live

• [v] and [b]

[v]lip	[b]lips are tight
very	berry
vet	bet
vote	boat
vowel	bowel

• [s] and [z]

[s]	[z]
hiss	his
course	cause
place	plays
gross	grows

• [ʃ] and [s]

[ʃ]	[s]
ship	sip
show	so
shy	sigh
chauffeur	sofa
shock	sock

• [tʃ] and [dʒ]

[tʃ]	[dʒ]
choke	joke
chunk	junk
rich	ridge
lunch	lunge

• [n] and [ŋ]

[n]	[ŋ]
son	sung
pin	ping
ran	rang
thin	thing
wind	winged

• [l] and [r]

[l]	[r]
light	right
led	red
clash	crash
climb	crime
lice	rice
lock	rock

• [w] and [v]

[w]	[v]
wet	vet
worse	verse
while	vile
west	vest
wary	vary

拼读规则

1. 辅 + 元：两者相拼，\pæ\ \tæ\ \gæ\
2. 元 + 辅：各读各音，\æp\ \æt\ \It\
3. 辅 + 元 + 辅：先辅元，再顺延，\fæt\ \dæd\ \gæs\