03消息队列系列-RabbitMQ在Spring boot中的使用
03消息队列系列-RabbitMQ在Spring boot中的使用
一、项目简介
创建两个项目,一个是rabbitmq-consumer 消息消费者,另一个是rabbitmq-provider消息发送者。基于消息的发送接收去了解直连型交换机、主题交换机、扇形交换机等交换机的使用和消息确认的使用。
二、项目实战
2.1 用到的依赖
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-amqp'
2.2 RabbitMQ在application.properties里的配置
spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
2.3 Direct Exchange直连型交换机的使用
2.3.1 创建rabbitmq-provider
2.3.1.1 队列、交换机、绑定信息的配置
创建DirectRabbitConfig
类文件,来配置队列、交换机、以及绑定信息
package com.lucky.spring.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/16
*/
@Configuration
public class DirectRabbitConfig {
/**
* 队列配置
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue directQueue() {
// durable:是否持久化,默认是false,持久化队列:会被存储在磁盘上,当消息代理重启时仍然存在,暂存队列:当前连接有效
// exclusive:默认也是false,只能被当前创建的连接使用,而且当连接关闭后队列即被删除。此参考优先级高于durable
// autoDelete:是否自动删除,当没有生产者或者消费者使用此队列,该队列会自动删除。
// return new Queue("TestDirectQueue",true,true,false);
//一般设置一下队列的持久化就好,其余两个就是默认false
return new Queue("directQueue", true);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange() {
//durable:是否持久化
//autoDelete:是否自动删除
return new DirectExchange("directExchange", true, false);
}
@Bean
public Binding directBinding(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue()).to(directExchange())
.with("directRouting");
}
}
2.3.1.2 暴露发送消息接口
package com.lucky.spring.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/16
*/
@RestController
public class SendDirectMsgController {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/sendDirectMsg")
public void sendDirectMsg() {
String uuid = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String msg = "test message, hello!";
String createTime = new Date().toString();
Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
map.put("messageId",uuid);
map.put("messageData",msg);
map.put("createTime",createTime);
//将消息携带绑定键值:directRouting 发送到交换机 directExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange", "directRouting", map);
}
}
这里对外提供一个接口,用来触发发送消息。调用接口之后,在RabbitMQ管理台的Exchange面板可以看到配置的交换机directExchange以及在队列面板可以看到创建的队列directQueue以及两者的绑定关系。
可以看到消息已经到达队列里了。
2.3.2 创建rabbitmq-consumer
如果是一个单独的消息消费者,那么只需要创建消息接收监听即可。如果既是消息发送者同时又是消息接收者,那就需要创建接收消息监听的同时也需要交换机的配置、队列的配置等信息。这里仅以接收消息说明。
2.3.2.1 创建消息接收监听
package com.lucky.spring.receiver.direct;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/19
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "directQueue")//配置要监听的队列的名字
public class DirectReceiver {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map msg) {
System.out.println("DirectReceiver:收到的消息是:" + msg.toString());
}
}
2.3.2.2 接收消息
启动rabbitmq-consumer项目,可以看到把之前推送的那条消息消费了下来。可以再次调用rabbitmq-provider里的消息推送接口,可以看到消费者是及时的接收到了消息。
2.3.3 多个监听绑定同一个队列
既然直连交换机是一对一的,如果有多个监听绑定到同一个监听队列,会怎么样。这里在创建出两个 消息接收监听 DirectReceiverA
、DirectReceiverB
。
package com.lucky.spring.receiver.direct;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/19
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "directQueue")//配置要监听的队列的名字
public class DirectReceiverA {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map msg) {
System.out.println("DirectReceiverA:收到的消息是:" + msg.toString());
}
}
package com.lucky.spring.receiver.direct;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/19
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "directQueue")//配置要监听的队列的名字
public class DirectReceiverB {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map msg) {
System.out.println("DirectReceiverB:收到的消息是:" + msg.toString());
}
}
调用rabbitmq-provider的消息推送接口,控制台日志信息如下:
DirectReceiver:收到的消息是:{createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:29:57 CST 2020, messageId=7ffd1517-b3bc-4e72-8355-6b58de4c3277, messageData=test message, hello!}
DirectReceiverA:收到的消息是:{createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:29:59 CST 2020, messageId=2f296ca3-4295-418e-9592-d5d3c90d373a, messageData=test message, hello!}
DirectReceiverB:收到的消息是:{createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:30:00 CST 2020, messageId=759b34c9-98de-4aad-8bc5-fdac2ec5b5ed, messageData=test message, hello!}
DirectReceiver:收到的消息是:{createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:30:07 CST 2020, messageId=bb276692-cf14-405f-a91a-76df7b6e2fca, messageData=test message, hello!}
DirectReceiverA:收到的消息是:{createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:30:13 CST 2020, messageId=15381f29-5769-442d-bece-e5acec33f478, messageData=test message, hello!}
DirectReceiverB:收到的消息是:{createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:30:13 CST 2020, messageId=0dd855f1-f9ef-45f6-9883-c65d6480f0aa, messageData=test message, hello!}
DirectReceiver:收到的消息是:{createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:30:15 CST 2020, messageId=6f902f7c-ff61-4a3b-a6f6-28e428ca8b43, messageData=test message, hello!}
可以看到是实现了轮询的方式对消息进行消费,而且不存在重复消费。
2.4 Topic Exchange 主题交换机的使用
2.4.1 rabbitmq-provider端配置
2.4.1.1 队列、交换机、绑定信息的配置
创建 TopicRabbitConfig
类进行交换机、队列、绑定信息的配置。
package com.lucky.spring.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/19
*/
@Configuration
public class TopicRabbitConfig {
//绑定键
public final static String MAN = "topic.man";
public final static String WOMAN = "topic.woman";
@Bean
public Queue firstQueue() {
return new Queue(MAN);
}
@Bean
public Queue secondQueue() {
return new Queue(WOMAN);
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange exchange() {
return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");
}
/**
* 将 firstQueue与topicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为topic.man
* 这样只要是消息 携带的路由键是 topic.man 才会分发到该队列
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingExchange1() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(firstQueue()).to(exchange()).with(MAN);
}
/**
* 将 secondQueue与topicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为用上通配路由键规则topic.#
* 这样只要是消息 携带的路由键是 topic. 开头都会分发到该队列
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingExchange2() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(secondQueue()).
to(exchange())
.with("topic.#");
}
}
2.4.1.2 添加消息推送接口
package com.lucky.spring.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@RestController
public class SendTopicMsgController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/sendTopicMessage1")
public String sendTopicMessage1() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "message: M A N ";
String createTime = new Date().toString();
Map<String, Object> manMap = new HashMap<>();
manMap.put("messageId", messageId);
manMap.put("messageData", messageData);
manMap.put("createTime", createTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.man", manMap);
return "ok";
}
@GetMapping("/sendTopicMessage2")
public String sendTopicMessage2() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "message: woman is all ";
String createTime = new Date().toString();
Map<String, Object> womanMap = new HashMap<>();
womanMap.put("messageId", messageId);
womanMap.put("messageData", messageData);
womanMap.put("createTime", createTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.woman", womanMap);
return "ok";
}
}
2.4.2 rabbitmq-consumer端配置
2.4.2.1 创建消息接收监听类
创建消息接收监听类,TopicManReceiver
、TopicTotalReceiver
package com.lucky.spring.receiver.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.man")
public class TopicManReceiver {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map msg) {
System.out.println("TopicManReceiver消费者收到消息 : " +
msg.toString());
}
}
package com.lucky.spring.receiver.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.woman")
public class TopicTotalReceiver {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("TopicTotalReceiver消费者收到消息 : " +
testMessage.toString());
}
}
2.4.2.2 推送消息
- 调用/sendTopicMessage1接口:
在rabbitmq-consumer端 控制台输出信息如下:
TopicManReceiver消费者收到消息 : {createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:41:18 CST 2020, messageId=b949f9fd-0c9e-412d-a55f-9476d2427e3b, messageData=message: M A N }
TopicTotalReceiver消费者收到消息 : {createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:41:18 CST 2020, messageId=b949f9fd-0c9e-412d-a55f-9476d2427e3b, messageData=message: M A N }
TopicManReceiver监听队列1,绑定键为:topic.man
TopicTotalReceiver监听队列2,绑定键为:topic.#
当前推送的消息,携带的路由键为:topic.man ,所以可以看到两个监听消费者receiver都成功消费到了消息,因为这两个recevier监听的队列的绑定键都能与这条消息携带的路由键匹配上。
- 调用/sendTopicMessage2接口
在rabbitmq-consumer端 控制台输出信息如下:
TopicTotalReceiver消费者收到消息 : {createTime=Sun Sep 27 08:44:32 CST 2020, messageId=47c434ee-3b6d-4f52-bb75-2482a1dc5893, messageData=message: woman is all }
TopicManReceiver监听队列1,绑定键为:topic.man
TopicTotalReceiver监听队列2,绑定键为:topic.#
当前推送的消息,携带的路由键为:topic.woman ,所以可以看到两个监听消费者只有TopicTotalReceiver成功消费到了消息,因为这个时候只有TopicTotalReceiver监听的队列绑定的键才能与当前消息携带的路由键匹配上。
2.5 Fanout Exchange 扇形交换机的使用
2.5.1 rabbitmq-provider端的配置
2.5.1.1 交换机、队列、绑定等信息的配置
创建FanoutRabbitConfig
类对扇形交换机的队列、交换机、绑定等信息配置。
package com.lucky.spring.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Configuration
public class FanoutRabbitConfig {
/**
* 创建三个队列 :fanout.A fanout.B fanout.C
* 将三个队列都绑定在交换机 fanoutExchange 上
* 因为是扇型交换机, 路由键无需配置,配置也不起作用
*/
@Bean
public Queue queueA() {
return new Queue("fanout.A");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB() {
return new Queue("fanout.B");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueC() {
return new Queue("fanout.C");
}
@Bean
FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeA() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA())
.to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeB() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB())
.to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeC() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC())
.to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
2.5.1.2 添加消息推送接口
package com.lucky.spring.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@RestController
public class SendFanoutMsgController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/sendFanoutMessage")
public String sendFanoutMessage() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "message: testFanoutMessage ";
String createTime = new Date().toString();
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("messageId", messageId);
map.put("messageData", messageData);
map.put("createTime", createTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange", null, map);
return "ok";
}
}
2.5.2 rabbitmq-consumer 端配置
2.5.2.1 创建消息消费监听类
这里创建三个 监听类,主要是基于扇形交换机无需路由键配置。
package com.lucky.spring.receiver.fanout;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.A")
public class FanoutAReceiver {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("FanoutReceiverA消费者收到消息 : "
+ testMessage.toString());
}
}
package com.lucky.spring.receiver.fanout;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.B")
public class FanoutBReceiver {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("FanoutReceiverB消费者收到消息 : " +
testMessage.toString());
}
}
package com.lucky.spring.receiver.fanout;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.C")
public class FanoutCReceiver {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("FanoutReceiverC消费者收到消息 : " +
testMessage.toString());
}
}
2.5.2.2 推送消息
- 调用/sendFanoutMessage接口发送消息
rabbitmq-consumer端控制台日志信息如下:
FanoutReceiverA消费者收到消息 : {createTime=Sun Sep 27 12:48:25 CST 2020, messageId=dc5e48bf-d800-4791-8f34-2d6ab8056669, messageData=message: testFanoutMessage }
FanoutReceiverB消费者收到消息 : {createTime=Sun Sep 27 12:48:25 CST 2020, messageId=dc5e48bf-d800-4791-8f34-2d6ab8056669, messageData=message: testFanoutMessage }
FanoutReceiverC消费者收到消息 : {createTime=Sun Sep 27 12:48:25 CST 2020, messageId=dc5e48bf-d800-4791-8f34-2d6ab8056669, messageData=message: testFanoutMessage }
可以看到只要发送到 fanoutExchange 这个扇型交换机的消息, 三个队列都绑定这个交换机,所以三个消息接收类都监听到了这条消息。
2.6消息确认
消息的回调即消息确认(生产者推送消息成功,消费者接收消息成功)。
2.6.1 生产者推送消息确认
2.6.1.1 添加application.properties配置
#确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
#确认消息已发送到队列(Queue)
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
2.6.1.2 配置消息确认回调函数
package com.lucky.spring.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
@Bean
public RabbitTemplate createRabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory
connectionFactory) {
RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate();
template.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
//设置开启Mandatory,才能触发回调函数,无论消息推送结果怎么样都强制调用回调函数
template.setMandatory(true);
template.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: "+"相关数据:"+correlationData);
System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: "+"确认情况:"+ack);
System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: "+"原因:"+cause);
}
});
template.setReturnCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"消息:"+message);
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"回应码:"+replyCode);
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"回应信息:"+replyText);
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"交换机:"+exchange);
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"路由键:"+routingKey);
}
});
return template;
}
}
上面就是生产者推送消息的相关回调函数配置,一个是ConfirmCallback
另一个是ReturnCallback
:
先从总体的情况分析,推送消息存在四种情况:
①消息推送到server,但是在server里找不到交换机
②消息推送到server,找到交换机了,但是没找到队列
③消息推送到sever,交换机和队列啥都没找到
④消息推送成功
这里先写几个接口来分别测试和认证下以上4种情况,消息确认触发回调函数的情况:
①消息推送到server,但是在server里找不到交换机
写个测试接口,把消息推送到名为‘non-existent-exchange’的交换机上(这个交换机是没有创建没有配置的):
@GetMapping("/testMessageAck")
public String TestMessageAck() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "message: non-existent-exchange test message ";
String createTime = new Date().toString();
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("messageId", messageId);
map.put("messageData", messageData);
map.put("createTime", createTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("non-existent-exchange", "TestDirectRouting", map);
return "ok";
}
调用接口,查看rabbitmq-provider项目的控制台输出情况:
ConfirmCallback: 相关数据:null
ConfirmCallback: 确认情况:false
ConfirmCallback: 原因:channel error; protocol method: #method<channel.close>(reply-code=404, reply-text=NOT_FOUND - no exchange 'non-existent-exchange' in vhost '/', class-id=60, method-id=40)
2020-09-27 14:02:47.167 ERROR 67934 --- [ 127.0.0.1:5672] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Channel shutdown: channel error; protocol method: #method<channel.close>(reply-code=404, reply-text=NOT_FOUND - no exchange 'non-existent-exchange' in vhost '/', class-id=60, method-id=40)
结论: ①这种情况触发的是 ConfirmCallback 回调函数。
**②消息推送到server,找到交换机了,但是没找到队列 **
这种情况就是需要新增一个交换机,但是不给这个交换机绑定队列,新增一个直连交换机,名叫‘lonelyDirectExchange’,但没给它做任何绑定配置操作
package com.lucky.spring.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Exchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Configuration
public class MsgCallbackRabbitConfig {
/**
* 新增一个交换机,但是不给这个交换机绑定队列
* @return
*/
@Bean
public DirectExchange lonelyDirectExchange() {
return new DirectExchange("lonelyDirectExchange");
}
}
然后写个测试接口,把消息推送到名为‘lonelyDirectExchange’的交换机上(这个交换机是没有任何队列配置的):
@GetMapping("/testMessageAck2")
public String TestMessageAck2() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "message: lonelyDirectExchange test message ";
String createTime = new Date().toString();
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("messageId", messageId);
map.put("messageData", messageData);
map.put("createTime", createTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("lonelyDirectExchange", "TestDirectRouting", map);
return "ok";
}
调用接口,查看rabbitmq-provuder项目的控制台输出情况:
ReturnCallback: 消息:(Body:'{createTime=Sun Sep 27 14:08:43 CST 2020, messageId=9009ed23-0329-41fc-9d2a-77bb7ca67680, messageData=message: lonelyDirectExchange test message }' MessageProperties [headers={}, contentType=application/x-java-serialized-object, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, deliveryTag=0])
ReturnCallback: 回应码:312
ReturnCallback: 回应信息:NO_ROUTE
ReturnCallback: 交换机:lonelyDirectExchange
ReturnCallback: 路由键:TestDirectRouting
ConfirmCallback: 相关数据:null
ConfirmCallback: 确认情况:true
ConfirmCallback: 原因:null
可以看到这种情况,两个函数都被调用了;
这种情况下,消息是推送成功到服务器了的,所以ConfirmCallback对消息确认情况是true;
而在RetrunCallback回调函数的打印参数里面可以看到,消息是推送到了交换机成功了,但是在路由分发给队列的时候,找不到队列,所以报了错误 NO_ROUTE 。
结论:②这种情况触发的是 ConfirmCallback和RetrunCallback两个回调函数。
③消息推送到sever,交换机和队列啥都没找到
这种情况其实一看就觉得跟①很像,没错 ,③和①情况回调是一致的,所以不做结果说明了。
结论: ③这种情况触发的是 ConfirmCallback 回调函数。
④消息推送成功
那么测试下,按照正常调用之前消息推送的接口就行,就调用下 /sendFanoutMessage接口,可以看到控制台输出:
ConfirmCallback: 相关数据:null
ConfirmCallback: 确认情况:true
ConfirmCallback: 原因:null
结论: ④这种情况触发的是 ConfirmCallback 回调函数。
2.6.2 消费者接收消息确认机制
和生产者的消息确认机制不同,因为消息接收本来就是在监听消息,符合条件的消息就会消费下来。所以消息接收的确认机制主要存在三种模式。
- 自动确认:这也是默认的消息确认情况,AcknowledgeMode.NONE
- RabbitMQ成功将消息发送(即将消息写入TCP Socket)中立即认为本次投递已经被正确处理,不管消费者端是否成功处理本次投递。
- 所以这种情况如果消费端消费逻辑跑出异常,也就是消费端没有处理成功这条消息,那么就相当于丢失了消息。一般这种情况下我们都是使用try catch捕获异常后,打印日志用于追踪数据,这样找出对应数据在做后续处理
- 根据情况确认,这个不做介绍
- 手动确认,这个比较关键,也是我们配置接收消息确认机制时,多数选择的模式
消费者收到消息后,手动调用basic.ack/basic.nack/basic.reject后,RabbitMQ收到这些消息后,才认为本次投递成功。
- basic.ack:用于肯定确认
- basic.nack:用于否定确认
- basic.reject:用于否定确认,但与basic.nack相比有一个限制:basic.reject一次只能拒绝单条消息
手动确认模式下,消费者端对于以上三个方法都表示消息已经被正确投递,但是basic.ack表示消息已经被正确处理,而basic.nack和basic.reject表示没有被正确处理。
2.6.2.1 basic.reject模式
着重讲下reject,因为有时候一些场景是需要重新入队列的。channel.basicReject(deliveryTag,true),拒绝消费当前消息,如果第二个参数传入true,就是表示将数据重新丢回队列里,那么下次还会消费这条消息。设置false,就是告诉服务器,我已经知道这条消息数据了,因为一些原因拒绝他,而且服务弃也把它丢掉就行了,下次不想在消费这条消息了。
使用拒绝后重新入队列这个模式要谨慎,因为一般都是出现异常的时候,catch异常时选择是否重入队列,但是如果使用不当会导致一些被重入队列的消息一直消费:异常->重入队列->接收消息处理->异常。这样循环会导致消息积压。
2.6.2.2 basic.nack模式
对于basic.nack而言,这个也是设置不消费某条消息.channel.basicNack(deliveryTag,false,true)
第一个参数依然是当前消息数据的唯一ID
第二个参数是指是否针对多条消息,如果是true,也就是说一次性针对当前通道的消息tagID小于当前这小消息的都拒绝确认。
第三个参数是指是否重新入队列,也就是指不确认的消息是否重新丢回到队列里面去
2.6.2.3 消费端配置消息确认
首先创建MyAckReceiver
类即手动确认消息监听类,需要实现ChannelAwareMessageListener
接口:
package com.lucky.spring.config;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Component
public class MyAckReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
//因为传递消息的时候用的map传递,所以将Map从Message内取出需要做些处理
String msg = message.toString();
String[] msgArray = msg.split("'");//可以点进Message里面看源码,单引号直接的数据就是我们的map消息数据
Map<String, String> msgMap = mapStringToMap(msgArray[1].trim(), 3);
String messageId = msgMap.get("messageId");
String messageData = msgMap.get("messageData");
String createTime = msgMap.get("createTime");
System.out.println(" MyAckReceiver messageId:" + messageId + " messageData:" + messageData + " createTime:" + createTime);
System.out.println("消费的主题消息来自:" + message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);
// channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, true);//为true会重新放回队列
} catch (Exception e) {
channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, false);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//{key=value,key=value,key=value} 格式转换成map
private Map<String, String> mapStringToMap(String str, int entryNum) {
str = str.substring(1, str.length() - 1);
String[] strs = str.split(",", entryNum);
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
for (String string : strs) {
String key = string.split("=")[0].trim();
String value = string.split("=")[1];
map.put(key, value);
}
return map;
}
}
接着创建MessageListenerConfig添加相关的配置代码:
package com.lucky.spring.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* Created by zhangdd on 2020/9/20
*/
@Configuration
public class MessageListenerConfig {
@Autowired
private CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
//消息接收处理类
@Autowired
private MyAckReceiver myAckReceiver;
@Bean
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer simpleMessageListenerContainer() {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);
container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);
// RabbitMQ默认是自动确认,这里改为手动确认消息
container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
//设置一个队列
container.setQueueNames("directQueue");
//设置 手动确认消息监听类
container.setMessageListener(myAckReceiver);
return container;
}
}
因为上面配置的是directQueue这个队列作为示例,所以调用/sendDirectMsg
接口进行查看结果:
MyAckReceiver messageId:b7b95a08-2354-4d90-9f21-376b5bcc1fef messageData:test message, hello! createTime:Mon Sep 28 08:41:06 CST 2020
消费的主题消息来自:directQueue
可以看到监听器正常的消费的消息。
到此RabbitMQ在Spring boot中的简单使用就结束了。